初中英语语法讲解--动词不定式

初中英语语法讲解--动词不定式
初中英语语法讲解--动词不定式

)动词不定式

动词不定式:具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。其构成形式为:to +动词原形,也可以不用to,即,动词原形.to为不定式符号,无意义。否定式为:not + (to) do

不定式的句法功能:

1,作主语:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。

动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。

常用句式有:1)、It+be+名词+to do。如,It is one’s duty/ turn to do sth. It’s time to do sth.

2)、It takes sb.+some time+to do。

3)、It+be+形容词+(for/of) sb +to do。【注】

careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示人的品

质的形容词,不定式前的sb用of.作其逻辑主语。其他时,sb前要用for.如,It’s very kind/nice of you to help me.

It’s very important for us to protect the environment

2.作表语:

Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。

He seems to catch a cold. 他似乎感冒了。

3.作宾语:

1),常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:would like,

want,hope,wish,plan,expect,decide,try,learn,pretend,refuse,help,agree等。如,Would you like to see a movie this evening?

2),在find,think后加不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,其句型为:find/think + it +形容词+ to do.例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。

3),常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式(即动词原形):Why not do---?= Why don't you do---? had better (not) do---, would rather do---,prefer to do---, would/could/will you please do---?

4.作宾语补足语:

1),动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词:

want,wish,ask,tell,order,help,advise,allow,cause,encorrage,would like,invite.

2), 不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况:若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make,let,have(表示“让、使”)、感官动词see,watch,look at,find,notice,hear,listen to,feel时,不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀:“三使五看两听一感觉”。例如:

Let's go!走吧!

He saw the thief steal a lady’s cellphone.

但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to,如:

I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。

He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。

5.作定语:

动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词常有动宾关系:

I have too much work to do. 我有许多活要做。

注意:不定式为不及物动词时,且与所修饰的名词有动宾关系,要在不定式后加适当的介词,如:

He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。

The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。

What did you open it with? 你用什么打开它?

6.作状语:

不定式作状语时初中阶段重点掌握不定式表目的:

He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。

To make things easier,some people would rather just give money.为了省事,有些人你原直接送钱。

7.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词what,when,who,where,which,how等连用,如:He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。The teacher is telling the students what to do and how to do it.老师正在告诉学生们做什么及怎么做。

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