初中英语语法整理名词代词动词

初中英语语法整理名词代词动词
初中英语语法整理名词代词动词

初中英语语法整理:名词、代词、动词

初中英语语法整理:名词、代词、动词

1、名词

A)、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:

一)在后面加s。如:fathers, bs, Aerians, Gerans, apples, bananas

二)x, sh, h, s, th后加es。如:bxes, glasses, dresses, athes, ishes, faxes

三)1)以辅音字母加结尾的变为i再加es 如:bab-babies, fail-failies, dut-duties, ed-edies, duentar-duentaries, str-stries

2)以元音字母加结尾的直接加s。如:da-das, b-bs, t-ts, e-es, as

四)以结尾加s(外词)。如:radis, phts, 但如是辅音加的加es:如: tates 西红柿, ptates马铃薯

五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:nife-nives, ife-ives,

half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, urself-urselves

六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, hinese, apanese

七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:peple,pants, shrts, shes, glasses, glves,

lthes, ss

八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:plie警察局,警家,家庭成员, fail班,同学, lass察

九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:atin vie-atin vies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由an或an所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:an dtr-en dtrs, an teaher-en teahers

十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼fishes鱼的种类, paper纸papers 报纸,卷子,论, r工作rs作品,工厂, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, range桔子水ranges橙子, light光线lights灯, peple人peples民族, tie时间ties时代, 次数, hien 鸡肉hiens 小鸡

十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或's。如:Is (I's), s ('s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VDs, SARs

十二) 特殊形式的有:hild-hildren, an-en, an-en, ft-feet, use-ie,

pliean-plieen, Englishan-Englishen

B)名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:

一)单数在后面加's。如:brther's, ie's, teaher's

二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加',如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teahers' Da教师节, lassates'; hildren's Da六一节, en's Da 妇女节

三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个's,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:ie and Ben's

r迈克和本的房间(共住一间),ie's and Ben's rs迈克和本的房间(各) 自的房间.

2、代词

项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词

人称主格宾格形容词名词性

第一人称单数I e ine self

复数e us ur urs urselves

第二人称单数u u ur urs urself

复数u u ur urs urselves

第三人称单数she her her hers herself

he hi his his hiself

it it its its this that itself

复数the the their theirs these thse theselves

3、动词

A) 第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s,如下:

一)一般在词后加s。如:es, spells, aits, tals, sees, danes, trains

二)在x, sh, h, s, th后加es。如:athes, ashes, ishes, finishes

三)1)以辅音字母加结尾的变为i再加es。如:stud-studies, hurr-hurries, tr-tries

2)以元音字母加结尾的直接加s。如:plas, sas, stas, ens, bus

四)以结尾加es。如:des, ges

are-is, have-has

特殊的有:)五.

B) 现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:

一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing,

train-training, pla-plaing, hurr-hurring, ath-athing, g-ging, d-ding

二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dane-daning, ae-aing, tae-taing, pratie-pratiing, rite-riting, have-having

三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如sh –shing, dra-draing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie结尾的变ie为再加ing。如:tie-ting系die-ding死lie-ling 位于

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二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词;不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中,可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词,不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念,不能用具体的数字来表示,视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物,因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰,一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

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