高中英语虚拟语气用法复习总结

虚拟语气的用法总结

语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

语气的种类：

（1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is!

（2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如Open the door, Please.

应注意以下几点：

1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t

加动词原形（或be）如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here.

2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或

者-es 如You be quiet. He stand up.

3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday.

4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用

will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you?

5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如

Think hard and you will have a good idea.

（3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English.

一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下：

例如：If he were here, everything would be all right.

If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier.

If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.

有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：

Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.

Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.

Should the earth stop running, what would happen?

二. 错综时间条件句

有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。

If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive.

If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.

三．含蓄条件句

1.有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。

如Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.

But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help), I couldn’t have done it.

2. 假设的条件通过上下文表现出来。

I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor.

I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the party.

3. 表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

（1）省去条件从句You could have washed your clothes yourself. （你本可以自己洗衣服的。）省去了If you had wanted to。（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）

（2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）If my grandmother were with me! (如果我的祖母和我在一起多好啊！)事实是：祖母已不在世。

四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

① “wish+宾语从句”表示不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……、悔不该……、但愿……”。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；

表示将来不可能实现的愿望用“would/could+动词原形”；

表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”。如：

I wish I were better-looking. 要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。

I wish I had met the film star just now. 我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊！

I wish I would be a solider. 我想当一名军人。

【考例】

How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden! (上海2002春)

A. has

B. had

C. will have

D. had had

【答案】B。

① 在表示建议、要求、愿望、命令、坚持、想法(advise, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest)等动词后面的宾语从句，或这些动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中在美国英语中，should常省略。如：

The young man insisted that I (should) go with his fellows. 这个年轻人坚持要我同他的同伴们一起去。

The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生建议他换工作。

【考例】Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (福建2010)

A. not allow

B. do not allow

C. mustn’t allow

D. couldn’t allow

【答案】A。

① 在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常常用过去时来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。如：

— Shall I open the window? 我可以把窗户打开吗?

— I’d rather you didn’t. 我觉得还是不要。

【考例】

George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he more on its culture. (江苏2010)

A. focus

B. focused

C. would focus

D. had focused

【答案】B。

① 在It is +形容词(important, necessary, good, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising) +that从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。如：

It is natural that she (should) do so. 很自然她应该这样做。

【考例】

— Don’t you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York?

— I agree, but the problem is he has refused to. (江苏2005)

A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what

D. should not send; what

【答案】B。

五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用

1. if only的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气

if only 与I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所接虚拟语气的时态与wish 后所接时态的情况相同。如：

If only the player had had more courage! 这位选手再多有一些勇气就好了。

If only Daisy would go with me! 黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了!

【考例】

Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice. (上海2003春)

A. followed

B. would follow

C. had followed

D. should follow

【答案】C。

2. as if (as though)方式状语从句中的虚拟语气

as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。

(1) as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。

当说话者所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如：

It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。

(2) as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。

当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：

① 从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：

He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。

① 从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。如：

He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。

① 从句表示将来发生的可能性不大，谓语动词用“would (could, might)＋动词原形”。如：

It looks as if it might snow. 看起来好像要下雪了。

3. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

（1）以in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语多用could/might+动词原形，在口语中常用can/could+动词原形

She took a taxi so that she could get there on time.

(2)以lest, for fear that和in case 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用（should）+动词原形。

She took an umbrella with her lest/for fear that/in case it should rain.

六．其他形式的虚拟语气

1. It’ s time that句型中的虚拟语气

在It’ s time that句型中，从句谓语通常用一般过去时或should+动词原形(should 不能省略)，其意为“(早)该做某事了”。如：

It’s high time that we were off. 是我们该走的时候了。

2.在would/had rather, would(just) as soon, would sooner和would prefer结构中，也用虚拟语气。共同特点是：从句中动词用一般过去时，表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时，则表示过去的情况。

I’d rather you left tomorrow.

I would just as soon you had told me the truth yesterday.

I would rather have bought the dictionary.

3. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其它”。如：

May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风！

May your youth last forever! 祝你青春永驻！

虚拟语气专项练习60题

1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies

B. lay

C. had lain

D. should lie

2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.

A. has

B. had

C. will have

D. had had

3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired

A. drove; didn’t get

B. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get

D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got

4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge

A. Were

B. Should

C. Would

D. Will

5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison

A. refers

B. referring

C. referred

D. refer

6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had been broken

7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him

A. on him to go; should be

B. he went; be

C. he go; was

D. he should to; is

8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today

---I would rather she ____ me tomorrow than today

A. tells

B. told

C. would tell

D. had told

9. ---Would you have called her up ? ---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework

A. was

B. were

C. had been

D. would be

10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet

A. would have taken part in

B. took part in

C. had taken part in

D. would take part in

11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily

A. Had it not been for

B. If it were not

C. If it had not been for

D. Were it not for

12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going

A. had been, would have prevented

B. had been, would prevent

C. were, prevent

D. were, would have prevented

13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam

A. If he were to work

B. Had he worked

C. Should he work

D. Were he to work

14. ____today, he would get there by Friday

A. Were he to leave

B. If he had left

C. Did he to leave

D. Had he left

15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now

A. are

B. were

C. would be

D. would have been

16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother

A. has come

B. did come

C. come

D. had come

17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.

A. was, had helped

B. was, would have helped

C. had been, would have helped

D. were, would have helped

18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday

A. were not, could have climb

B. were not, could climb

C. had not been, could have climbed

D. hadn’t been, could climb

19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today

A. is

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be

20. ---I am going to tell her the news

---I would as soon as you _____her about it

A. didn’t tell

B. don’t tell

C. hadn’t tell

D. won’t tell

21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home

A. stayed

B. could stay

C. has stayed

D. stay

22. It was requested that the play ____again

A. should put on

B. would put on

C. be put on

D. put on

23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately

A. had sent for

B. send

C. be sent for

D. was sent

24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness

----Yes, but ____it

A. I’d rather not do

B. I’d rather not have done

C. I should’ t do

D. I’d better not do

25. If only I ___my car

A. hadn’t lost

B. wouldn’t lose

C. didn’t lose

D. haven’t lost

26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth

A. is

B. would be

C. were

D. wouldn’t be

27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being

A. do

B. didn’t do

C. don’t

D. didn’t

28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son

A. is

B. were

C. had been

D. should be

29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more

A. were

B. could become

C. had been

D. should be

30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem

A. hold

B. held

C. have held

D. had held

31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying

A. even if , was

B. though, would be

C. even, had been

D. as if, were

32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert

A. had not

B. did not have had

C. hadn’t had

D. hadn’t have

33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again

A. will discuss

B. to discuss

C. should discuss

D. will be discussed

34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops

A. help

B. to help

C. helped

D. helping

35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules

A. obeys

B. Obey

C. will obey

D. would obey

36. I wish I ____here then A. was B. had been C. were D. would be

37. It is strange that he ____back so early

A. came

B. will come

C. had come

D. should have come

38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV

A. did

B. do

C. shall do

D. have done

39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday

A. be put

B. put

C. should put

D. had been put

40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there

A. had been

B. has been

C. was

D. been

41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven

A. must finish

B. would be finished

C. be finished

D. must be finished

42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……

----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it!

A. do

B. didn’t

C. did

D. don’t https://www.360docs.net/doc/033831410.html,

43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning

A. would, have washed

B. could, have been washing

C. would have, have been washing

D. could have, had washing

44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse

A. had tried

B. hadn’t tried

C. have tried

D. didn’t try

45. ----How could I thank you enough? ----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it

A. must do

B. could do

C. would have done

D. should have done

46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue

A. be, be delayed

B. is, delay

C. should be, be delayed

D. is , be delayed

47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths

A. it would have been

B. it would be

C. there would be

D. there would have been

48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.

A. requested, deliver

B. demand, be delivered

C. request, should deliver

D. demand, delivered

49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorder

A. made unpunished

B. came unpunished

C. went unpunished

D. not punished

50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____late

A. would be

B. were

C. will be

D. would have been

51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen then

A. come

B. came

C. would come

D. will come

52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting

A. had put on

B. should put on

C. have put on

D. will put on

53. I hope that you ____ right

A. will be

B. should be

C. were

D. would be

54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to you

A. am

B. have been

C. should be

D. would be

55. He insisted that we ____early the next morning

A. start

B. started

C. would start

D. had started

56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother

A. has come

B. did come

C. had come

D. came

57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead

A. must have studied

B. might study

C. would study

D. would have studied

58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week

A. were not, could have climbed

B. were not, could climb

C. had not been , could have climbed

D. had not been, could climb

59. If only I _____ my watch! A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t lost D. don’t lose

60. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

A. may not make

B. might not make

C. shouldn’t have made

D. might not have made

答案

1-5 C B D B C 6-10 C C B A A 11-12 D A B A C 16-20 D B C D A

21-25 DC C B A 26-30 B B A B B 31-35 D C A B B 36-40 D B A AC

41-45 D C B C D 46 -50 D B C D B 51-55 B B A C A 56-60 C D C AD