7 涂层缺陷(IP-中英对照)

涂层缺陷分析和处理

Coating Failures Analysis and Handling

?调查研究表明:

A great deal of investigations indicated

that:

?80％的涂料的缺陷是由于施工不当造成的

?Almost 80% of coating failures were caused by improper

application.

?20％是由于其它原因造成的

?20% of coating failures were

caused by other matters.

涂层中夹渣／有灰尘杂物

Abrasive residues/Dust ?喷砂与机械处理方法所产生的灰尘，锈皮等

?Dust or other types of

contaminations caused by blast-

cleaning or mechanical pre-

treatment process.

?要特别注意脚手架上的的磨料和灰尘?Advert to abrasives/dust from the scaffoldings.

?如果不清除的话，磨料夹渣和灰尘会与刚喷的涂层合为一体

?Abrasive residues/dust may be left or incorporated in the fresh coats.

底漆中夹渣引起锈蚀

Rust spots due to residues in primer coat

刷痕Brushing marks

?漆刷不良，引起漆膜成高一道，低一道的不均匀条状?Uneven streaks caused by improper application with brush ?高固体份涂料，不易进行刷涂

?High solids paint may not be applied with brush.

漆膜过厚Excessive film thickness

?对靠溶剂挥发来干燥的涂料来说，漆膜过厚会导致溶剂残留在漆膜中，表层干燥，但是下层较软，容易引起涂层内聚力及与底材的附着力问题，并且涂层在以后可能会出现起泡。

?The solvent may be entrapped in films if applying the solvent evaporation coatings in excessive thickness. Surface drying but soft underneath may cause poor cohesion of coats and worse adhesion between the coats and substrates, otherwise blistering may be

occurred in service.

?对于固化型涂料来说，会产生内部收缩，引起涂料开裂、剥落，这种现象在内角的流淌处较为常见

?For the chemical curing coatings, interior shrinkage of coats may cause cracking, flaking if applying in excessive thickness. These defects usually occur at some corners of structures where to be

prone to stack the paints.

内角由于流挂产生局部堆厚而开裂Cracking at the corner due to stacking paints partially caused by sagging.

溶剂在过厚的漆膜中截留The solvents were entrapped in excessive films and cause into the porous coat.

流挂Runs and Sags ?流挂的发生，通常是因为：

Runs and sags caused by:

?超过了规定的膜厚

?Too high wet film thickness

?加入过量的稀释剂

?Too much thinner added

?喷枪过分靠近被涂物表面

?Spray guns too close to surface ?施工时发现流挂，可以快速地用刷子抹平?Brushing to smoothen rapidly once runs and sags occur

?干膜的流挂状态，打磨平整后重新薄涂一遍

?Abrasion/sanding excessive runs/sags to smoothen and re-coat

缩孔/ 鱼眼Fisheye ?施工在有油脂、水份、硅油等污染物的表面。

这些油污和湿气可能是打磨工具或不干净的

压缩空气带来的

?Paint applied on oil/grease, moisture, silicone or other contaminations which

may be caused by power tools or

unclean pressure air

?表面张力高的涂料也容易引起缩孔(如施工在具较高光泽度的油漆上面则其表面润湿性较

差）

?Painted on incompatible coating (Glossy paints give poor wetting)

针孔/漏点Pinholes/Pores

?以下情况下，极易发生针孔和漏点

?Pinholes/Pores caused by:

?压力过大Excessive air pressure

?涂膜过厚Excessive film thickness

?过份的通风或大风环境Too good ventilation or strong wind ?喷涂时距离太远Too long spray distance

?喷锌、喷铝和无机富锌底漆：

?Spraying of Zinc, Aluminum and Inorganic zinc-rich primer:?表面多孔有空气在内，极易产生针孔

?Porous substrate contains air inside may be prone to pinholing.

?可以用稀释后的涂料薄喷30微米再涂下道漆,称之为雾喷/全喷技巧?Spraying a thin coat in 30 microns via additional thinning and apply the subsequent coat. It is so called “Mist coat/Tie

coat” technique.

漏涂Holidays

?局部没有涂上油漆称之为漏涂

?Holidays are recognized as areas where the applicator has missed applying paint to that part of surface.

?球扁钢的球头部位Behind bars ,stiffeners etc

?粗糙焊缝At rough welding seams

?切口和自由边On notches, cut outs and edges

?其它难以喷涂的地方On other areas where is inaccessible to spray

?喷涂不良Improper spray application:

?行枪时走弧线，中间漆膜过厚，而两侧偏薄

?Arcing/tilting the spray gun shall cause into heavy films in the middle and thin films at the beginnings and ends of

spraying.

?形成针状点锈

?Pin rusting may be formed.

?最好的解决办法是对这些地方进行预涂/条涂，并且在喷涂过程中保证每道喷幅间重叠50%以搭接。

?The recommended method is that stripe coating prior to spray and overlap 50% of each pass or cross of spraying.

干喷/过喷Dryspray/Overspray ?漆膜表面粗糙不平，呈颗粒在表面附着

?An uneven film and a rough, sandpaper texture on the surface

?这种漆雾附着力极差

?Poor adhesion

?干喷主要是以下原因造成：

?Dryspray caused by：

?喷涂距离过远，或涂料干燥太快，高温下施工，喷涂压力过高，强风或通风过度等

?Too long spraying distance, drying too fast, too high temperature, too high air pressure , too windy or

too good ventilation

?主要的原因是溶剂还没有到被涂物表面就过早地损失了

?The primary cause is that solvent has been lost prematurely not to reach the sprayed object.

白化/ 胺起霜Blooming/amine blushing ?涂料在完全固化前，有可能会产生发花或白化现象。冷凝与湿气会在涂层表面形成白点。

?The surface of coatings may be occurring blooming before completely curing and the white spots shall be formed by condensation/moisture.

?胺固化的环氧涂料，在较冷或湿润大气环境下进行固化时，胺会与空气中的二氧化碳(CO2)和湿气(H2O)发生反应形成铵盐。通常我们

把这种情况叫做胺起霜或胺白化，其结果就是漆膜发粘，经常呈白

色污迹。

?Epoxy paints especially amine cured are particularly subject to poor curing at cold, humid weather conditions. The amines react with

carbon dioxide(CO2)，humidity(H2O) in the air to form an amine

carbamate, commonly referred to as ”amine blooming” or

“amine blushing”. The result is a tacky film often appearing as

white stains.

?胺起霜是水溶的，能被干净的温水抹去.。在重涂油漆之前必须除去胺的起霜

?The amine is water soluble and can be removed by using clean, warm water and rags. To avoid to lack of adhesion

between coats it must be removed before over-coating.

起皱/咬底Wrinkling/Lifting

?涂层表面起皱，通常的原因是：

?Wrinkling caused by:

?油性漆、醇酸和酚醛涂料涂如果得过厚，表面吸氧膨胀而下层尚未起氧化反应,导致涂层表面已干燥变硬而涂层内部却仍发

软。

?Oil based paints, alkyd and phenolic coatings applied too thick and wrinkling occurs when the skin film dries

or cures while the inner film stays soft.

?过量的表面催干剂，涂层厚的地方起皱

?Too much catalyst caused wrinkling in excessive film area

?烘烤型涂料，表面固化远快于本体固化

?Outer layers of baked coatings dry or cure faster than inner layers

?温度太高时施工

?Apply the coatings in high temperature

?后道涂层含有较强溶剂软化前道涂层

?The subsequent coat contains stronger solvent and

起皱涂层Wrinkling

变色/褪色Discoloration/Fading ?变色/退色通常是树脂和颜料的问题。由于大气或化学物质的侵袭使得涂层表面变色或漂白。

?Discoloring/bleeding usually caused by binders and pigments used. Surface of coat may be discolored or bleached due to attacking of atmosphere or other

chemical substances.

?芳香族的聚氨酯面漆会在紫外下变黄，而脂肪族则不存在这个问题

?Anime polyurethane topcoat may be difference in the yellowing on exposure to UV light, but the aliphatic

polyurethane topcoat shall not change.

?环氧树脂和亚麻油涂料容易泛黄

?Epoxy resin paints and flax oil coatings shall be prone to yellowing.

?含铅颜料的面漆会在含硫大气中变深，变黑

?The topcoat contains lead may change the color in dark/black when exposing in the sulfureted atmosphere.

粉化Chalking

?粉化是一种涂层的表面现象，如粉尘一样

?Chalking is strictly surface phenomenon like dust.

?树脂受紫外线影响，加入水分、氧气和污染大气的参与，导致树脂分解，仅留下颜料和填料在表面

?The binder may be affected by UV light from the sun, plus humidity, oxygen and air pollution play a part in chalking reaction. Ultimately the resin being degradation and pigments/extenders exposed on the top of coat almost as dust.

?环氧树脂是典型的易粉化的涂料，粉化很快，其次是醇酸树脂涂料?Epoxy coating is a typical of coatings that chalking very rapidly, secondly is alkyd paints.

?砂磨或水洗涂层的粉化表面后重涂

?Sanding and/or wash top layers of paints and re-coat

粉化Chalking

点蚀Pinpoint rust penetration

?通常发生在涂料使用很长时间后的局部生锈

?The points of rusting usually occurred in some partial areas in a long-term service.

?新施工的涂层发生点蚀，通常是因为粗糙度过大,因干喷或过喷而造成的漏涂点，漆

膜中存在有穿透到底材的细小孔穴/针孔等?Pinpoint rusts caused by:

?Too high substrate roughness

?Holidays due to dry spray/ over spray

?Small pores/pinholes, openings or

defects in the paint film down to the bare

substrate