(完整word版)工程材料常用词汇表(中英文)

工程材料常用词汇表

奥氏体 austenite

奥氏体本质晶粒度 austenite inhorent grain size

奥氏体化 austenitization, austenitii zing

白口铸铁 white cast iron

白铜 white brass, copper-nickel alloy

板条马氏体 lath martensite

棒材 bar

包晶反应 peritectic reaction

薄板 thin sheet

薄膜技术 thin film technique

贝氏体 bainite

本质晶粒度 inherent grain size

比强度 strength-to-weight ratic

变质处理 inoculation, modification

变质剂 modifying agent,modificator

表面处理 surface treatment

表面粗糙度 surface roughness

表面淬火 surface quenching

表面腐蚀 surface corrosion

表面硬化 surface hardening

玻璃 glass

玻璃态 vitreous state, glass state

玻璃钢 glass fiber reinforced plastics

玻璃纤维 glass fiber

不可热处理的 non-heat-treatable

不锈钢 stainless steel

布氏硬度 Brinell hardness

材料强度 strength ofmaterial

残余奥氏体residual austenite

残余变形 residual deformation

残余应力 residual stress

层状珠光体 lamellar pearlite

超导金属 superconducting metal

成核 nucleate, nucleation

成形forming, shaping

成长 growth, growing

磁材料magnetic materials

冲击韧性 impact toughness

纯铁 pure iron

粗晶粒 coarse grain

脆性 brittleness

脆性断裂 brittle fracture

淬火 quenching, quench

淬透性 hardenability

淬硬性 hardenability

带材 baud, strip

单晶 single crystal, unit crystal

单体 monomer, element

氮化层 nitration case

氮化物 nitride

刀具 cutting tool

导磁性 magnetic conductivity

导电性 electric conductivity

导热性 heat conductivity, thermal conductivity

导体 conductor

等离子堆焊 plasma surfacing

等离子弧喷涂 plasma spraying

等离子增强化学气相沉积 Plasma chemical vapour deposition (PCVD) 等温转变曲线 isothermal transformation curve

低合金钢 low alloy steel

低碳钢 low carbon steel

低碳马氏体 low carbon?martensite

低温回火low tempering

点阵常数grating constant, lattice constant

电镀electroplating, galvanize

电弧喷涂 electric arc spraying

电子显微镜 electron microscope

定向结晶directional solidification S

端淬试验end quenching test

断口分析 fracture analysis

断裂强度 breaking strength, fracture strength 断裂韧性 fracture toughness

断面收缩率 contraction of cross sectional area, 锻造 forge, forging, smithing

多晶体 polycrystal

二次硬化secondaryhardening

二元合金 binary alloy, two-component alloy

防锈的rust-proot, rust resistant

非金属non-metal, nonmetal

非晶态amorphous stats

分子键 molecular bond

分子结构molecular structure

分子量molecular weight

酚醛树脂bakelite, phenolic resin

粉末治金 powder metallurgy

粉末复合材料 particulate composite

腐蚀corrosion, corrode, etch, etching

腐蚀剂corrodent, corrosive, etchant

复合材料 composite material

感应淬火 inductionquenching

刚度 rigidity, stiffness

钢 steel

钢板steel plate

钢棒 steel bar

钢锭 steel ingot

钢管steel tube, steel pipe

钢丝 steel wire

钢球 steel ball

杠杆定理 lever rule, lever principle

高分子聚合物 high polymer, superpolymer

高合金钢 high alloy steel

高锰钢 high manganess steel

高频淬火 high frequency quenching

高速钢 high speed steel ,quick-cutting steel

高碳钢 high-carbon steel

高碳马氏体 high carbon martensite

高弹态 elastomer

高温回火high tempering

各向同性 isotropy

各向异性 anisotropy, anisotropism

工程材料 engineering material

工具钢 tool steel

工业纯铁 industrial pure iron

工艺 technology

共价键covalent bond

共晶体 eutectic

共晶反应 eutectic reaction

共析体 eutectoid

共析钢eatectoid steel

功能材料 functional materials

固溶处理 solid solution treatment

固溶强化 solution strengthening

固溶体 solid solution

固相 solid phase

光亮热处理 bright heat treatment

滚珠轴承钢ball bearing steel

过饱和固溶体 supersaturated solid solution 过共晶合金 hypereutectic alloy

过共析钢 hypereutectoid steel

过冷over-cooling, supercooling

过冷奥氏体 supercooled austenite

过冷度 degree of supercooling

过热 overheat, superheat

焊接 welding, weld

航空材料 aerial material

合成纤维 synthetic fiber

合金钢 alloy steel

合金化alloying

合金结构钢 structural alloy steel

黑色金属 ferrous metal

红硬性 red hardness

滑移 slip, glide

滑移方向 glide direction, slip direction

滑移面glide plane, slip plane

滑移系 slip system

化合物 compound

化学气相沉积 chemical vapour eposition (CVD)

化学热处理 chemical heat treatment

基体 matrix

机械混合物 mechanical mixture

机械性能 mechanical property

激光热处理 heat treatment with a laser beam

激光 laser

激光熔凝 laser melting and consolidation

激光表面硬化 surface hardening by laser beam

加工硬化 work hardening

加热 heating

胶粘剂 adhesive

结构材料 structural material

结晶 crystallize, crystallization

结晶度 crystallinity

金属材料 metal material

金属化合物 metallic compound

金属键 metallic bond

金属组织 metal structure

金属结构 metallic framework

金属塑料复合材料 plastimets

金属塑性加工 metal plastic?working

金属陶瓷 metal ceramic

金相显微镜 metallographic microscope, metalloscope 金相照片 metallograph

晶胞cell

晶格crystal lattice

晶格常数 lattice constant

晶格空位 lattice vacancy

晶粒 crystal grain

晶粒度 grain size

晶粒细化 grain refining

晶体结构 crystal structure

聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethy lene (PTFE)

聚合度 degree of polymerization

聚合反应 polymerization

绝热材料 heat-insulating material

绝缘材料 insulating material

抗拉强度tensile strength

抗压强度 compression strength

颗粒复合材料 particle composite

扩散 diffusion, diffuse

老化 aging

莱氏体 ledeburite

冷变形 cold deformation

冷加工 cold work, cold working

冷却 cool, cooling

冷作硬化 cold hardening

离子 ion

粒状珠光体 granular pearlite

连续转变曲线continuous cooling transformation(CCT) curve 孪晶 twin crystal

孪生 twinning, twin

螺旋位错 helical dislocation

洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness

马氏体 martensite (M)

密排六方晶格 close-packed xagonal lattice (C.P.H.)

面心立方晶格 face-centred cubic lattice (F.C.C.)

摩擦 friction

磨损 wear, abrade, abrasion

模具钢 die steel

Mf 点 martensite finishing point

Ms点 martensite starting point

纳米材料 nanostructuredmaterials

耐磨钢 wear-resisting steel

耐磨性 wearability, wear resistance

耐热钢 heat resistant steel , high temperature steel

内耗 internal friction

内应力 internal stress

尼龙 nylon

粘弹性 viscoelasticity

凝固 solidify, solidification

扭转强度 torsional strength

扭转疲劳强度 torsional fatigue strength

泡沫塑料 foamplastics, expanded plastics

配位数 coordination number

喷丸硬化 shot-peening

疲劳强度 fatigue strength

疲劳寿命 fatigue life

片状马氏体 lamellar martensite, plate type martensite

普通碳钢 ordinary steel, plain carbon steel

气体渗碳 gas carburizing

切变 shear

切削 cut, cutting

切应力 shearing stress

球化退火 spheroidizing annealing

球墨铸铁 nodular graphite cast iron, spheroidal graphitecast iron 球状珠光体 globular pearlite

屈服强度 yielding strength, yield strength

屈强比 yielding-to-tensile ratio

屈氏体 troolstite (T)

去应力退火 relief annealing

热处理 heat treatment

热加工 hot work, hot working

热喷涂 thermal spraying

热固性 thermosetting

热塑性 hot plasticity

热硬性 thermohardening

柔顺性 flexibility

人工时效 artificial ageing

刃具 cutting tool

刃型位错 edge dislacation, blade dislocation

韧性 toughness

溶质 solute

溶剂 solvent

蠕变 creep

蠕墨铸铁 quasiflake graphite cast iron

软氮化 soft nitriding

扫描电镜 scanning electronmicroscope (SEM)

上贝氏体 upper bainite

渗氮 nitriding

渗硫 sulfurizing

渗碳 carburizing, carburization

渗碳体 cementite (Cm)

失效 failure

石墨 graphite (G)

时间-温度转变曲线 time temperaturetransformation (TTT) curve 时效硬化 age-hardening

实际晶粒度 actual grain size

使用寿命 service life

使用性能 usability

树枝状晶 dendrite

树脂 resin

双金属 bimetal, duplex metal

水淬 water quenching, water hardening, water quench

松弛 relax , relaxation

塑料 plastics

塑性 plasticity, ductility

塑性变形 plastic deformation

索氏体 sorbite (S)

弹簧钢 spring steel

弹性 elasticity, spring

弹性变形 elastic deformation

弹性极限 elastic limit

弹性模量 elastic modulus

碳素钢 carbon steel

碳含量 carbon content

碳化物 carbide

碳素工具钢 carbon tool steel

陶瓷 ceramic

陶瓷材料 ceramic material

体心立方晶格 body-centered cubic lattice (B.C. C.) 体型聚合物 three-dimensional polymer

调质处理 quenching and tempering

调质钢 quenched and tempered steel

铁碳平衡图 iron-carbon equilibrium diagram

透明(结晶)陶瓷 crystalline ceramics

同素异构转变 allotropic transformation

涂层 coat, coating

退火 anneal, annealing

托氏体 troostite (T)

弯曲 bend, bending

完全退火 full annealing

微观组织 microstructure

维氏硬度 Vickers hardness

未经变质处理的 uninoculated

温度 temperature

无定形的 amorphous

物理气相沉积 physical vapour deposition (PVD)

下贝氏体 lower bainite

线型聚合物 linear polymer

纤维 fibre, fiber

纤维增强复合材料 filament reinforced composite

显微照片 metallograph,microphotograph, micrograph 显微组织 microscopic structure, microstructure

橡胶 rubber

相 phase

相变 phase transition

相图 phase diagram

消除应力退火 stress relief annealing

形状记忆合金 Shape memory alloys

形变 deformation

性能 performance, property

X射线结构分析 X-ray structural analysis

压力加工 press work

亚共晶铸铁 hypoeutectic cast iron

亚共析钢 hypoeutectoid steel

氧化物陶瓷 oxide ceramics

延伸率 elongation percentage

盐溶淬火 salt both quenching

液相 liquid phase

应变 strain

应力 stress

应力场强度因子 stress intensity factror 应力松弛 relaxation of stress

硬质合金 carbide alloy, hard alloy

油淬 oil quenching, oil hardening

有机玻璃 methyl-methacrylate, plexiglass 有色金属 nonferrous metal

匀晶 uniform grain

孕育处理 inoculation, modification

再结晶退火 recrystallization annealing

载荷 load

增强塑料 reinforced plastics

针状马氏体 acicular martensite

正火 normalize, normalization

致密度 tightness

支化型聚合物 branched polymer

智能材料 intelligent materials

中合金钢 medium alloy steel

轴承钢 bearing steel

轴承合金 bearing alloy

珠光体 pearlite (P)

柱状晶体 columnar crystal

铸造 cast , foundry

自然时效 natural ageing

自由能 free energy

组元 component, constituent

组织 structure

α钛合金αtitanium alloy

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暖通空调专业词汇中英文对照表

暖通专业词汇中英文对照 air conditioning load空调负荷 air distribution气流组织 air handling unit 空气处理单元 air shower 风淋室 air wide pre.drop空气侧压降 aluminum accessories in clean room 洁净室安装铝材 brass stop valve 铜闸阀 canvas connecting termingal 帆布接头 centigrade scale 摄氏温度 chiller accessories水冷机组配件 chiller assembly水冷机组组装 clean bench 净化工作台 clean class 洁净度 clean room 洁净室无尘室 correction factor修正系数 dry coil units 干盘管 district cooling 区域供冷 direct return system直接回水系统 displacement ventilation置换通风 drawing No.图号 elevation立面图 entering air temp进风温度 entering water temp进水温度 fahrenheit scale 华氏温度 fan coil unit 风机盘管 ffu fan filter units 风扇过滤网组 flow velocity 流速 fresh air supply 新风供给 fresh air unit 新风处理机组 ground source heat pump地源热泵 gross weight 毛重 heating ventilating and air conditioning 供热通风与空气调节hepa high efficiency particulate air 高效过滤网 high efficiency particulate air filters高效空气过滤器horizontal series type水平串联式 hot water supply system生活热水系统 humidity 湿度 hydraulic calculation水力计算 isometric drawing轴测图 layout 设计图 leaving air temp 出风温度

经济类英语专业词汇

常用经济类词汇： economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策

economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产

经济学中常见术语(中英文对照)

public sector 公共部门,公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的

水泵名称中英文对照

1.4水泵性能 1.4.1水泵流量 pump capacity 单位时间内水泵的抽水量。 1.4.2水泵性能参数 pump performance parameter 用来表征水泵性能的一组数据，包括流量、扬程、轴功率、效率、转速、必需汽蚀余量或允许吸上真空高度、比转数和汽蚀比转数等。 1.4.3水泵扬程 pump head 单位重量的水从水泵进口到水泵出口所增加的能量。 1.4.4水泵轴功率 pump－shaft power 水泵轴从动力机获得的功率。 1.4.5水泵有效功率 active power of pump 水泵输出的功率。 1.4.6水泵配套功率 rated power of motive-power machine matching the pump 与水泵配套的动力机的额定（标定）功率。 1.4.7动力机功率备用系数 spare coefficient of motive-power machine 配套动力机的额定（标定）功率与水泵运行中可能出现的最大轴功率的比值。 1.4.8装机功率 installed power of pumping station 泵站动力机额定（标定）功率的总和。 1.4.9水泵效率 pump efficiency

水泵有效功率与轴功率的比值。 1.4.10水泵转速 pump（rotary）speed 水泵轴每分钟的转数。 1.4.11汽蚀余量 net positive suction head（NPSH）水泵进口处单位重量水所具有的超过汽化压力的富裕能量。 1.4.12临界汽蚀余量 critical NPSH 水泵开始产生汽蚀时的汽蚀余量值。 1.4.13必需汽蚀余量 necessary NPSH 为保证水泵正常工作、不产生危害性汽蚀的汽蚀余量必需值，其值规定为临界汽蚀余量加0.3m。 1.4.14吸上真空高度 suction vacuum lift 水泵工作时进口处的真空值。 1.4.15临界吸上真空高度 critical suction vacuum lift 在大气压力为101.3kPa、水温为20℃的标准状况下，水泵开始产生汽蚀时的吸上真空高度值。 1.4.16允许吸上真空高度 permitted suction vacuum lift 为保证水泵正常工作、不产生危害性汽蚀的吸上真空高度的允许值，其值规定为临界吸上真空高度减0.3m。 1.4.17水泵安装高度 installation height of pump 水泵基准面与设计最低下水位之间的垂直距离。 1.4.18水泵基准面 datum elevation of pump

经济学常用英语词汇【精心整理版】

经济学常用英语词汇 A accounting 会计 accounting cost 会计成本 accounting profit 会计利润 adverse selection 逆向选择 allocation 配置 allocation of resources 资源配置 allocative efficiency 配置效率 antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法 arc elasticity 弧弹性 Assumption 假设 asymetric information 非对称性信息 average 平均 average cost 平均成本 average cost pricing 平均成本定价法 average fixed cost 平均固定成本 average product of capital 资本平均产量 average product of labour 劳动平均产量 average revenue 平均收益 average total cost 平均总成本 average variable cost 平均可变成本 B barriers to entry 进入壁垒 base year 基年 bilateral monopoly 双边垄断 benefit 收益 black market 黑市 bliss point 极乐点 boundary point 边界点 break even point 收支相抵点 budget 预算 budget constraint 预算约束 budget line 预算线 budget set 预算集 C capital 资本 capital stock 资本存量 capital output ratio 资本产出比率 capitalism 资本主义 cardinal utility theory 基数效用论 cartel 卡特尔 ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型 change in demand 需求变化 change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化 change in supply 供给变化 choice 选择 closed set 闭集 Coase theorem 科斯定理 cobweb model 蛛网模型 collective bargaining 集体协议工资 collusion 合谋 command economy 指令经济 commodity 商品 commodity combination 商品组合 commodity market 商品市场 commodity space 商品空间 common property 公用财产 comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争 competitive market 竞争性市场 complement goods 互补品 complete information 完全信息 completeness 完备性 condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹 concave function 凹函数 concave preference 凹偏好 consistence 一致性 constant cost industry 成本不变产业 constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束 consumer 消费者 consumer behavior 消费者行为 consumer choice 消费者选择 consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡 consumer optimization 消费者优化 consumer preference 消费者偏好 consumer surplus 消费者剩余 consumer theory 消费者理论 consumption 消费 consumption bundle 消费束 consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集 consumption space 消费空间 continuity 连续性 continuous function 连续函数

经济学专有名词中英对照

经济学专有名词 A accounting:会计 accounting cost :会计成本 accounting profit :会计利润 adverse selection :逆向选择 allocation 配置 allocation of resources :资源配置 allocative efficiency :配置效率 antitrust legislation :反托拉斯法 arc elasticity :弧弹性 Arrow's impossibility theorem :阿罗不可能定理Assumption :假设 asymetric information :非对称性信息 average :平均 average cost :平均成本 average cost pricing :平均成本定价法 average fixed cost :平均固定成本 average product of capital :资本平均产量

average product of labour :劳动平均产量average revenue :平均收益 average total cost :平均总成本average variable cost :平均可变成本

B barriers to entry :进入壁垒base year :基年 bilateral monopoly :双边垄断benefit :收益black market :黑市bliss point :极乐点boundary point :边界点break even point :收支相抵点budget :预算 budget constraint :预算约束budget line :预算线budget set 预算集

管理经济学中英文术语及其解释

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benefit 收益 black market 黑市 bliss point 极乐点 boundary point 边界点 break even point 收支相抵点 budget 预算 budget constraint 预算约束 budget line 预算线 budget set 预算集 C capital 资本 capital stock 资本存量 capital output ratio 资本产出比率 capitalism 资本主义 cardinal utility theory 基数效用论 cartel 卡特尔 ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设 ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型 change in demand 需求变化 change in quantity demanded 需求量变化 change in quantity supplied 供给量变化 change in supply 供给变化 choice 选择 closed set 闭集 Coase theorem 科斯定理 Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数

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泵pump 安全注射泵safety injection pump 备用泵stand-by pump 长轴深井泵broehole shaft driven Pump 船用泵marine pump 船用泵ships pump 单级泵single stage pump 单吸泵single suction pump 低加疏水泵drainage pump for low pressure heater 电磁泵electromagnetic pump 分段式泵segmental type pump 分段式多级泵stage casing(chamber) pump 隔膜泵diaphragm(disc)pump 工程用泵building site pump 管道泵pipeline mounted pump 锅炉给水泵boiler feed pump 化工用泵chemical pump 混流泵semi-axial flow pump 活塞泵piston pump 计量泵metering pump 离心泵centrifugal pump 立式/卧式泵vertical/horizantal pump

流程泵process pump 螺杆泵screw pump 耐酸泵acid pump 泥浆泵filter pump 凝结水泵condensate pump 排水泵draining pump 喷淋泵injection(jet) pump 屏蔽泵canned motor pump 前置泵booster pump 潜水深井泵borehole submerged pump 清水泵clean water pump 取暖用泵heating pump 热水循环泵hot water circulating pump 深井泵borehole pump 双吸离心泵double suction centrifugal pump 通用泵ordinary pump/universal pump 污水泵effluent pump/sewage pump 消防泵fire pump 循环泵circulating pump 叶片泵rotodynamic pump/turbo pump/vane pump 叶片可调式混流泵mixed flow pump with adjustable blades 油泵oil pump

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