考研英语大作文命题五大潜规则

考研英语大作文命题在符合研究生入学考试大纲的基础上,受考试时间、考生整体水平和出题者的侧重点等各方面因素的制约。现根据大作文命题的情况,谈一谈大作文命题的"潜规则"。以利于考生在复习写作时能够有的放矢地准备。

一、考题集中于较大的一般性话题:

历年考试主要涉及一些一般性话题(general topics), 如爱心(2001)、成长(2003)、代沟(1992)、友谊(1994)、家庭(2005)、承诺(1998)、崇拜(2006)、健康(1996)、资源利用(2000)、文化交流(2002)、乐观心态是成功的关键(2007)、合作的重要性(2008)、网络的"近"与"远"、文化融合(2010)、旅途之"余"(2011)、乐观面对生活(2012)、作出选择(2013)等话题。命题中的图片和图表往往是单个或局部情况,但如果仅围绕个别现象,分析就没有了深度,往往要追溯到总体情况。如2006年考题图画中英国球星Beckham的发型,也要升华到对普遍的偶像崇拜(idol worship)现象的评价,而非仅仅针对Beckham个人。命题从来不在个别事件、具体环节或细枝末节上做文章,决不会细到介绍北京经济适用房建设情况或点评《满城尽带黄金价》。

二、内容贴近日常生活和简单社会常识:

考题要顾及到全国考生的知识水平,不同专业考生的知识共性,不可能考察太专业或太偏的话题。所以内容以个人生活体验为主,如爱心、成长、友谊、养老、健康等等;稍微复杂一点的话题如环保、保护野生动物、文化交流也只需要考生大致地通过常识进行判断、分析和点评,点到为止就可以,关键要在语言的精确度和精彩度上下工夫。大作文写作时间只有30~40分钟,不可能象论文一样挖掘详细的数据、考证具体年代地点或提出标新立异的思想。2000年"世界商业捕鱼简史"命题有点难度,但考生无须关注商业捕鱼的历史变迁和具体现状,不用借助数据或案例,只对两张图片中鱼群的多少进行大致对比,并指出人类过度开发资源的问题就到位了。160~200字的字数限制也只能让考生分析到一般深度。

三、考生的观点态度要走经过设计的"主流"路线:

图画作文和图表作文的主旨好像是个谜语,命题人已经把自己的观点倾向浓缩到了图片中,通过图画图表来使主旨模糊化,需要考生在5分钟内审题,进行常识判断并加以破解。主旨往往具有"positive"的倾向,考生需要在图画寓意中发现哲理或是思考问题的积极解决方案。绝不可能向国外考试那样,学生可以通过脑筋急转弯给出另类的观点。在构思的时候往往要走"主流"路线,才能提供符合命题人思路的正确观点,从而顺利得分。考生准备了一年英语,不可能凭借奇思异想过度冒险。例如:2001年"爱心是一盏灯"话题,考生通过构思要得出助人为乐的判断,如果考生论证出要对自己有爱心,为了个人利益而不顾他人,必然按跑题处理。2004年"终点又是新的起点",考生必须破解出坚持不懈、发展与进步的主旨。如果考生持个人观点,认为终点不一定是新的起点,并加以论证,这样的写作注定要失败,因为违背了命题人的初衷。2005年考题主旨是养老,如果考生认为父母都要象美国老年人那样独立生活,不依赖子女,这种崭新的观念是不会被考官接受的。2006年偶像崇拜主题,考生要以成熟的主流心态,写出'择其优而学之,避免盲目崇拜'的观点,如果考生坚持认为花300元理个小贝头很值,展现个性,结果就会由于"不懂事,不明事理"而被阅卷老师以跑题处理。

四、命题不会涉及时事政治或敏感话题:

正是因为日常生活话题容易判断是非,所以考官尽量通过主旨浓缩来让考生进行猜谜。而时事政治话题错综复杂,是非曲直一时难以断定,观点倾向缺乏普遍共识,不方便作为考题,否则争议不断,难为了命题人和阅卷者。敏感的话题还怕冒政治倾向错误的风险,更不会让考生去乱发议论。曾经考生在网站上猜测考题,居然猜向了伊朗朝鲜核试验、联合国秘书长改选、泰国政变、天下围攻陈水扁、处决萨达姆、恐怖事件等。说实话,这些政治时事离考研命题太遥远了,国际时事并非考试关注焦点,而国内民生动态到是还有参考价值,部分民生环保问题如何解决是读报浏览的关键。某些话题虽不是政治话题,但不利于安定团结,也不一定成为考题,如腐败猖獗、失业人数增长、爱滋病扩散、自杀现象增多、恶搞艺术作品、家庭暴力、离婚率提高等等。有些话题涉及到隐私,也属于讨论的禁区,如性问题、同性恋问题,或许若干年以后,中国大众足够宽容了,这些网络话题也就可以在考试中探讨了。

五、命题中的"和谐社会"倾向:

在以上分析的基础上,我们重新审视历年考题的命题,发现以中老年教授组成的命题团队普遍趋向常规主流观点。那么考题围绕着时代背景和主流思想,已经逐渐形成了以"和谐社会"为核心的命题思路。只不过总体以和谐作为公式的话题可以分成和谐的三个不同层次:

个体和谐发展:

1992年话题:代沟--代沟现象以及如何让父母子女实现沟通

1994年话题:友谊--友谊的重要性,我们的择友原则

1996年话题:健康--健康的重要性以及健身方法

1998年话题:承诺--空洞的承诺有害社会,如何脚踏实地为人处世

2001年话题:爱心--爱心是一盏灯,在别人最需要帮助的时候展现爱心

2002年话题:文化交流--通过人类之间和谐的经济文化交流实现民族文化走向世界

2003年话题:成长--温室中的花朵经不起风雨,父母如何培养子女的独立能力

2004年话题:发展--个人(团体)在坚持不懈中实现发展与进步,终点又是新的起点

个人、他人与社会的和谐共处

2005年话题:养老--养老足球赛,子女要继承赡养老人的优秀传统美德

2006年话题:崇拜--偶像崇拜现象,要客观正确地看待偶像

2010年话题:文化与交流,文化融合

2012年话题:乐观面对生活

人类与自然环境的和谐:

1991年话题:城市与乡村的选择--城市发达而污染堵车严重;乡村清净而信息闭塞等

1999年话题:人口增长导致野生动物死亡--人类要积极保护野生动物

2000年话题:商业捕鱼使得海洋资源开发殆尽--合理开发,实现可持续发展

以上考过的真题不能放弃,还需要再复习,爱心和助人为乐的话题曾在1995和2001年出现过两次,随着时间推移,某些大型普遍话题,如环保、健康、父母子女沟通今后难免重复。为了满足大家的复习需求,最后我把上课推荐过的一些从未考过的复习话题供大家进行模拟思考,可以练习在5分钟内整理出创作思路和观点提纲,进行因果推理,举例论证和建议措施的构思。

个体和谐发展:自信的重要性、节俭与浪费、如何看待成功、梦想与现实、抄袭(plagiarism)与诚信、高分低能现象、职业选择和规划、个人、他人与社会的和谐共处:个性与团队合作、如何看待竞争、网络的利弊、伪劣商品问题(fake commodities-商家为牟利而危害社会)、乱收费问题、如何看待中国传统节日和洋节。

人类与自然环境的和谐:私家车的利弊(噪音空气污染、交通阻塞)、环境污染话题(空气、水、噪音、土壤、人类食品)、乱砍滥伐问题、人类对历史古迹的破坏及保护。

另外,不论何种命题,都要从简洁的图画中寻找线索并推理解决。针对很少练习图画作文构思的考生,建议近期可上网寻找一些幽默讽刺图画,练习快速推理,查找问题所在,同时进行相关词联想,熟能生巧。稍加练习,便会发现一些惯性推理技巧,考试时就会大大减轻紧张感,从容不迫地进行构思和创作。

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-考研英语万能大作文模板-

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2012年考研英语二小作文题目和范文

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考研英语写作经典范文之大作文

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2020年考研英语二作文预测(小作文)

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2021年考研英语大作文第一段写作方法

考研英语大作文第一段写作方法 第一句 1. Emerging from the picture is a funny but enlightening scene that …. 2. As is abundantly depicted in the above picture, …. 3. From the picture, we can see that… 第二句 1. Reportedly the great concern among the public has been aroused by this picture. 2. This picture generates a great concern among the public. 3. The general public's interest has been stimulated by this picture.

4. This picture has stimulated a heated discussion on the WeChat, the most influential social work, these days. 5. People are drawn by the truth disclosed by this picture. 6.The drawing above dramatizes an issue/phenomenon that captures the public imagination/attention. 7.The picture has set in motion a wide-ranging discussion that involves professionals as well as laymen alike. 8.The public is astonished by the unfortable/bitter truth revealed/disclosed by this cartoon. 9.The topic reflected in the picture has gone a trending topic on some social media, with many users sharing and menting recently. 10.The picture has sparked/stimulated/triggered/generated/induced an intense discussion among the general public.

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3、写作方法 从2010年开始,英语(二)大作文只有两点提纲,但最好写成三段,首段描述图表,首句应写总体描述:主题(春节假期花销比例)+对象(我国某市居民)。次句应写细节描述,分别描述占比最高的新年礼物和其次的交通、聚会吃饭与其他。第二段最好写成原因列举,首句可写主题句,承上启下进行过渡。其次具体说明二至三点原因,可写为何新年礼物花销最大或交通、聚会吃饭也占据一些比例。第三段可预测图表发展趋势、进行归纳结论或提出建议措施。 4、注意事项 值得注意的是,2015年考研英语(二)答题卡出现了重大变化,一张A3纸,正面左侧为客观选择题,含完形填空、阅读A节、阅读B节,右侧为翻译。反面左侧为小作文,约20行;右侧为大作文,约20行。大作文写150-230词左右即可,无需太多。 参考范文 大作文 一、不错范文,可供改造 The pie chart above presents the different proportion of residents’ consumption in a Chinese city during Spring Festival. To be specific, the percentage of consumption on New Year’s gifts, party, traffic and others is 40%, 20% , 20% and 20% respectively. Surprisingly, the pertinent number about gifts is 40%. Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely. Undoubt edly, the purpose of the graph is to showcase the diversity of residents ’ consumption during holidays in China, especially over-consumption on gifts as a frequent way of interpersonal communication. What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? It’s a thought-provoking question. First and foremost, advertisements of mass media, such as radio, television and Internet, might be misleading. Plus,pertinent action taken by the government to put an end to this trend might be little and limit. Therefore, people, men and women, old and young, in mounting numbers are spending too much on holiday gift which floods everywhere. To sum up, there is an upward tendency for people these days to spend money on festival presents rather than other things, which I believe will not change in a short time. To reverse the trend is not a piece of cake, which requires a good awareness of consumption value and interpersonal communication. Only in this way can we have colorful festivals and relaxing times. (223 words)

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