2017年考研英语完形填空全年复习攻略

完形填空是考研英语复习容易忽略的一部分，考研总结了完形填空的命题规律，能力考查和复习方法，希望对2017年考生有所帮助。

一、命题规律

完型填空的文章结构最常采用总分对照型。此种结构对于整篇文章而言，是通过总述句概括出文章的中心思想，然后由分述部分对中心主线展开详细描述。因此文章的首句或首段就是中心句(topic sentence)，做题时一定要特别重视。

完型填空的文章体裁以说明文和议论文为主。完形填空所选的短文多是观点鲜明、条理清楚的说明文或议论文，所涉及的多是科普、经济、历史、社会、文化、教育等，具有一定时代感、现实性或科学性的文章。如：1998年：对英国工业革命的看法;2003年：青少年的身心教育;1999年：劳动安全措施;2004年：青少年犯罪;2000年：农业经济;2005年：人类嗅觉的灵敏度;2001年：新闻立法;2006年：美国无家可归人口问题;2007年：殖民地国家独立后的改革;2008年：人类智能。2009年：聪明的代价。考生如果平时多读这一类文章，积累多方面的词汇和背景知识，就能很容易地弄清文章的大意和逻辑关系，为做题打下良好的基础。

二、能力考查

1、巩固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语词语知识

当前英语中的完形填空试题，并不直接地去考查语法知识。但是，

解答试题的前提是读懂文章，而读懂文章就必须懂得语法。所以，完型不直接考查语法知识，并不是不需要语法知识，它是通过检查你的理解程度，来间接地考查你的语法知识。一个人的英语语法知识越丰富，阅读速度就越快，理解就会更为、深刻。

2、英语阅读理解能力，良好的阅读习惯，熟练的阅读技巧

特别是快速阅读理解能力，甚至是跳过一些词语(空格)，浏览文章，掌握大意的能力很重要。完型填空试题是为阅读理解服务的，其主旨是考查阅读理解能力。对文章内容理解得越、越深刻，就越容易选择正确答案。而这种阅读理解能力是靠平时的练习得来的。

3、分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间逻辑关系的能力

只有明白文章结构，了解各段落之间的关系，才能加深对文章的理解，也就更容易把握有空格的句子所需要内容，就更容易选准答案。

4、逻辑思维能力，特别是总结概括、推理判断和分析归纳的能力

这些能力的发挥，有助于抓住文章的主题思想，加深对文章深层次意义的理解，从而更容易完成“完型”的任务，恢复文章的原貌。

5、在阅读中捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力

在选择每一个答案时，我们要求依据文章的整体内容，这就要照顾文章的方方面面，不能顾此失彼。特别是一些结构词，如but，however，therefore，though等等，更要给予特别的注意。但是，我们在做题的实践中，不可能总是重复地阅读文章。这就需要对关键

内容、关键词语的记忆能力。

三、考点分析

1、考点紧紧围绕着语篇

综观近年的考题，我们发现，完型填空不是要考词义辨析、固定搭配、语法等孤立的知识点，而是从语篇的角度综合测试考生对文章的理解能力和对基础知识的运用能力。也就是说，考生的语感及其对整篇文章的理解程度在做题中起到了至关重要的作用。请看下面的例子：

The roughly 20 million __1__ of these nations looked __2__ to the future. (2007?2)

A. confusedly

B. cheerfully

C. worriedly

D. hopefully

空格处填入的副词修饰动词短语looked to，look to the future 表示“展望未来”;confusedly意为“迷惑地，混乱地”;cheerfully 意为“欢快地”;worriedly意为“忧心忡忡地”;hopefully意为“怀有希望地”。上文提到很多殖民地已经成为独立的国家，再结合下文提到的freedom, new nations, sovereign等，可以推断出这些国家的居民对于未来应该是“充满希望地”。所以选D项hopefully。

因此，考生在做完型填空题时，切忌只见树木，不见森林;抛开语篇孤立地看句子的做题方法是绝不可取的。

2、定语从句、同位语从句、倒装句、比较句与平行结构是语法考查的重点

近年来，完型填空专门测试语法的题目不多，重点在词汇及对上

下文的理解上，但我们发现，完型填空一旦考语法，就一定是与定语从句、同位语从句、倒装句、比较句或平行结构有关。例如：Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts. (2001年?49)

A. what

B. when V. which D. that

本题显然考查同位语从句，空格后面是concerns的同位语，表明其具体内容。四个选项都可以引导同位语从句，但是that引导同位语从句时，不在同位语从句中作句子成分。从句意来看，这个从句中成分齐全，因此选that。另外，为了避免由于从句太长而使句子头重脚轻的现象，同位语从句没有直接跟在concerns的后面。

因此考生要特别关注这几个语法现象，并能将其吃透。

3、在上下文中的认词、辨词能力是词汇考查的重点

对词汇的测试在研究生入学英语考试中应该说是无处不在的，它贯穿考卷的各个部分。在完型填空题中重点考查考生在上下文中认词和辨词的能力。近年来完型填空所设置的选项要求考生在掌握一定词汇量的基础上，通过大量阅读并具有一定的语感才能区分正确与错误。测试词汇引申含义的情况也越来越多。例如：

Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts. (2001年?50)

A. assure

B. confide

C. ensure

D. guarantee

空格需要填入一个动词与guilty verdicts(定罪决定)搭配。Assure后面一般接某人，表示使别人确信, 如I can assure you of its quality.(我可以向你保证它的质量。);confide后接某事，意为吐露，托付，如he confided his troubles to a friend.( 他向朋友倾述烦恼事。)：guarantee表示“保证”时多接褒义的名词，如guarantee a good crop(保证了好收成); ensure意为“保证，担保”，强调对某行为有把握，所以正确答案为。

由此可见，考生仅仅学会大纲词汇表中的词或词组是远远不够的。应意识到，处于考研阶段，记忆单词不能只限于一词一义，一词一用。只有经常对词汇进行同义、反义、近义、同形、同音等多种比较，细心观察不同上下文、不同搭配的各种含义、各种用法特点，方可对它们有比较深刻的理解，才能有把握地选择正确的意义和搭配。

4、逻辑衔接题比重加大

从近10年的考题来看，逻辑衔接题的比重加大，尤其是近3年，表现得更加明显。这就对考生从整体上把握文章的内容，注意句际间的关系提出了更高的要求。

例：

More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure.(2004?34)

[A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D]

simultaneously

空前“更多的单亲家庭和双亲就业家庭”与空后“孩子们受到较少的监管”有明显的因果关系，consequently“因此，所以，结果”，故选[B]。[A] contrarily“相反地”;[C] similarly“类似地，同样地”;[D] simultaneously“同时发生地”，均与上下文语义不符。对于逻辑衔接词的选择，虽可以从句法的角度进行判断，但考查的实质是上下文中的逻辑关系。

四、解题步骤

第一步：重视首句,把握主题

完型填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。

首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准：

1.Topic：主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容，起到限定主题范围的作用。

2.Opinion：反映作者对待主题的观点、印象、态度，起到限定段落基调的作用。

知道了英文主题句的特点之后，我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时，就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思，而是要透过首句来？文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向。

第二步：速读全文，掌握大意

一旦开始做题，就应该根据自己抓住的线索快速做出反应，找出关键词，掌握全文大意。若有个别难题，暂时跳过或初拟答案，随着文章的空越来越少，全文的意思就会越来越清楚。

第三步：瞻前顾后，先易后难

完型填空所选的文章尽管比较短小，但它仍是一个意义相联的语篇，它围绕一个话题论述，在行文中词语重复、词语替代现象都不可避免。或者还会出现词语和意义相互定义或相互解释的现象，即同义定义或反义定义，所以我们在解题时应“瞻前顾后”，联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。通过做题，大家会发现有时可以通过上下文就找出难解词的定义或解释，有时甚至原文中的短语或单词就是答案。

第四步：重读全文，核对检查

由于选答案时讲求一气呵成，初选过后还应根据上下文对有疑问或把握不准的答案进行推敲。这时，应重读文章，从语义和逻辑的角度检查文章是否有问题，根据上下文调整答案。

五、解题方法

1、无关词排除法

完型文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，且整个文章很紧凑，就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。因此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。故而，一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。

2、同现

同现是一种词汇的衔接手段。完型文章由于常常有明确的中心主线，所以作者往往会使用一些重点词汇围绕着中心主线贯穿全文。同现实际上就是一组具有相同倾向性的词语，这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线中的导向一致，或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行展开支持。因此，文章的整体导向这个已知线索可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。

3、复现

复现是完型文章中词汇的另一种衔接手段，即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现，也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。复现的解题意义在于：如果判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系，只要从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的就是正确答案。

4、关联

关联是完型文章中经常出现的一种结构，即将两个或两个以上的同类别词语，比如两个动词、两个形容词以连续排比的结构出现。在这种情况下，两个关联词汇在句子中的语法地位一样，且常常起一样的语法作用，之间又明显具有某种逻辑关系。关联的解题意义在于：出题人一般会将一个关联词语设置成已知信息，另一个是未知的，这样那个已知的词语便成为破解未知词语的关键线索。

5、时间线索

若完型文章中出现的时间信息一般都是非常有用的线索，因为只要通过分析这些时间线索就可以很快把握与这些时间线索联系在一

起的信息之间的关系。

6、总分结构对照分析法

由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持，互相印证的对照关系，而且总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开。当一些未知填空出现在总述句时，解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。

7、对应成分分析法

由于完型文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，句子的各个成分之间便形成一定的对应关系，考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分作为线索，通过对应的已知成分推断出未知填空的答案。

考研英语的复习贵在坚持，可能一段时间效果不明显，但是突破了瓶颈，就会感觉有质的飞跃。因此我们只有坚持不懈，才能成为最后的赢家。为了方便大家学习，

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