最新《如何建立工厂》

如何建立工厂

（建厂九大流程）

在中国，工厂建设项目主要细分为以下阶段和步骤，需要说明的是，其中不少步骤往5

往是同步进行的，项目成功的关键因素之一就是项目管理和协调。

1\前置审批

主要包括：工厂项目立项备案、用地、选址及环境评审、获取土地使8

用证及规划审批等这几项内容其中部分是可以同步进行的，大部分地区的具体操作流程基本9

大同小异，部分地区可能会在具体细节上顺序及操作方式会有所不同。

买地建厂投资流程：签订投资意向或合资合作意向书、工商注册(工11

商行政管理局)、企业名称预先核准申请表、公司具体名称、股东名称、出资总额、出资比例12

（如股东是法人，需带营业执照副本复印件）、验资证明、环保证明、房产证明项目备案(计13

划局、发改委)：编制项目简介、填写项目申请备案表、项目备案请示、企业法人营业执照正14

副本复印件、组织机构代码证复印件相关手续办理(环保局、建设局、土地局)：环保评审15

∕审批、选址意见书、建设用地规划许可证、地质灾害评估报告、土地评估、建设用地勘测定界报告、建设用地预审办理土地证(土地局)：地籍调查表、用地申请及法人身份证复印

件、公司章程及营业执照、国土资源局规划股出图意见、建设部门一证一书、环保证明、一18

书四方案、土地评估

工厂选址

在全球范围内对许多制造业企业所作的调查表明，企业认为下列因素是进行设施选址时

必须考虑的：

1、地理位置、当地各项成本及原材料和成品运输成本；

2、劳动力的获取条件及雇员生活环境质量；

3、与市场或客户的接近程度及服务的便利程度；

4、与供应商和生产制造资源的接近程度和便利程度；

5、政策优势及当地其它软环境。

6、越来越多的投资者关注风水和运势工厂风水

工厂是商业用，以商为用当然要以财为主，如果你找的厂房财不旺，如何能发财？不旺32

财还劫财那你可就惨了

从年年出口的外贸顺差，到中国惊人的外汇储备。从世界产品中国造，34

到全世界国家都说中国强大起来了。支撑这一切繁荣的是几千万家大大小小的工厂。这种繁35

荣的景象无疑催生了更多的工厂，每天有上千家的工厂开业，也有几百家工厂倒闭关门，有

几百家在苦苦支撑，到现在，能从激烈的市场竟争中走出来的工厂是幸运的，随着中国产品

对国外市场所占的比例越来越高，一些国外商家与媒体对中国产品的反面炒作，抓住一些问

题产品大做文章，使进口国加强了对中国产品的检验，国内相关部门也加强了对生产产品的

质量监管，使中小企业的生存发展空间变小，市场竟争越来越激烈。当然要理性的看待这个

问题，中国经过改革开放20多年来，特别是近十年的快速发展，必然会暴露出一些发展过

程中存在的问题来引起国内相关部门的重视，各大工厂也将面临新一轮的洗理——优胜劣汰。

作为厂家也不用悲观，毕竟中国的市场很大，出口的大门还没关。现在开工厂，除了要看产

品是否有竞争力与市场定位外，其中工厂选址就是一个很重要的环节。在什么样的地方生产

什么样的产品销路好，在多旺的地方发多大的财，这些在无形之中好像都是有定数的。

在确定了项目后那么首先要找厂房，在现在经济发达的地区厂房的种

类可谓是名目繁多参差不齐，大体可以分四种；

第一种；企业有一定实力后自己卖或租地建厂房自用。

根据调查现在60％以上的企业会请有经验的风水师来选址规划布局

施工指导。这类企业一般都有实力发展也快。

第二种；由政府统一规划建设的经济开发区厂房。

由政府统一规划建设的大部分会请有经验的学者参加设计或请风水师

指导，以大局出发，大盘旺。但厂家在选址时要看具体位置的好坏衰旺，因为以大局出发是

很难做到每处都好，家家都旺。还要注意已使用的时间，以前好不代表现在也好，以前不好53

也不代表现在不好。如广州某高新园区，以前是广州的纳税“大户”，现在则比较冷清，生

意大不如前。

第三种；乡、镇或村里把临时土地用来建厂房的或村民用自己的或租来的土地建厂房出

租的。

这种厂房是最多的也是最复杂的，这类厂房最大限度的追求土地使用

率，很少或者根本不考虑风水因素，租这类厂房还要考虑行政性收费是否合理，有无乱收费、

乱摊派现象，是否有“吃、拿、卡、要”等衙门恶习，还包括当地民风是否强悍、治安状况

好坏等。好处是这类厂房多选择面比较广，运气好的话也会淘到财气旺的厂房出来。其中好61

多大型工厂也是从这些地方走出来的。

第四种；以前国有企业破产后留下来的厂房。

这类厂房一般来说就是财已败地运已衰，搬进这种厂房，除非经过重

新建设或大型改造才可能老树新芽，否则很难做起来。

工厂选址的环境要求；

1、厂址四周无大路直冲，水冲或粗恶山形、拳头山、刀形山、三角形

建筑的角冲，厂址不要选在三叉路口、反弓路边、或三叉中周皆被道路包围的“铁笼”形地

块内；不要选在立交桥、大型变电站、高大电塔旁边。

2、厂址四周无“阴气”、“冤气”、“煞气”、“秽气” 坟场、医

院的地方建厂。坟场、医院遗址均与死人密切相关，阴气太重。审讯室、监牢、刑场遗址都

存在较强的“冤气”。俗语云：“哪个衙门没有几个屈死的鬼？”神前庙后、衙门大门对冲

之地均有“煞气”。垃圾填埋场、污水处理厂旁边以及其它臭水沟、污水河旁边均有很多的

“秽气”诸如此类，均为不洁之地。如误在此类地方兴建工厂，日后可能会发生一些稀奇古

怪或难以预料之事，故宜避之。

3、厂址选藏风聚气、水抱山环之地。这里指的山、水并不一定是真山

真水，有真山真水则更佳，宜背后有山或楼，左右有山或楼，前方有平地聚气。符合此类要

求的地方比较多，是可以选择的。如果不能完全符合，在立向时可以弥补，以扬长避短。工

厂选址只要做到上述三条，就已经是一个合格的厂址了

2.厂房整体及配套设计

设计通常包括设计前期工作、初步设计和施工图设计3个阶段。

① 设计前期工作：包括可行性研究、厂址选择和设计任务书的编制。

设计任务书由建设项目的主管部门组织编制，其目的是根据可行性研究报告和厂址选择报告,

对建设项目的主要问题,即产品方案、建设规模、建设地区和地点、专业化协作范围、投资限86

额、资金来源、要求达到的技术水平和经济效益等作出决策。

② 初步设计:根据批准

的设计任务书进行编制。初步设计包括：确定主要原材料、燃料、水、动力的来源和用量；

规定工艺过程、物料储运、环境保护等设计的主要原则；明确设备、建筑物和公用系统的构成和要求；进行工厂布置，设计全厂和车间的平面布置图；提出生产组织、管理信息系统和

生活福利设施的方案；计算主要设备材料的数量、各项技术经济指标和工程概算。批准后的92

初步设计是建设投资的拨款、成套设备订购和施工图设计的依据。

③ 施工图的设计：绘制各种建筑物的建筑结构详图、设备和管线的安

装详图、各项室外工程的施工详图、编制全部设备材料明细表和施工预算。

需要特别提出的是关于消防审批和验收

消防审批和验收

1、已竣工的建筑工程经建筑设计单位组织设计、施工、监理等单位进行初验合格后，由99

建设单位向公安消防机构提交要求组织消防验收的报告，并填报《建筑工程消防验收申报表》；100

2、建筑消防设施检测报告；

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3、消防给水、消防车道检查报告；

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4、消防工程施工企业的消防施工许可证复印件；

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5、建设单位组织设计、施工、监理单位消防安全质量验收合格的报告；

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6、公安消防机构的审批文件，包括：施工图设计防火审核意见书、装修工程设计防火审105

核意见书、其它设计防火审核意见书；

106

7、消防设计专篇及消防设计变更技术联系单；

107

8、消防产品生产许可证可证明复印件、建筑防火材料、构件和消防产品质量检验报告、

合格证明。主要消防产品、设备的生产单位对其产品、设备的数量、型号及施工安装质量的108

109

确认报告。

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9、地下及隐蔽工程验收记录；消防设施系统调试报告；施工单位楚剧的消防设施联动报

告；操作维护管理手册；

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10、竣工图一套，包括：建筑、水、电、暖通等各系统竣工图；

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11、消防控制室值班人员名单及培训记录；

114

12、钢结构防火喷涂施工、检验记录。

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3.厂房建设

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117

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厂房的整个建设施工项目过程将集中考验建设企业对于项目运作和

119

管理的整体实力。一般来讲，多数企业会疏忽建设项目的多方协调以及对于工程质量和进度

120

的有效管理和监控。由于工程进度延期进而造成工厂投产的延期所带来的损失往往是惊人的，

121

因此，越来越多的建设企业在加强对于项目整体专业化监控和管理，以确保项目的可控性。

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与之配套的，专业化的项目咨询管理服务正得到广泛的认可和接受。

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施工前建设手续办理(建设局)：施工图审查与批准、建设工程单体审

124

批、建设工程规划许可证、招投标办理施工许可证(建设局)：建设用地许可证、工程报建

125

表及号码、建设工程规划许可证、中标通知书、意外伤害保险单、图纸审查批准书等

126

施工后验收(审计局、建设局、消防队、气象局、环保局)：环保验收、

审计验收、规划验收、防雷验收、消防验收、工程验收办理产权证(房管局)：登记人的营127

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业执照或身份复印件二份、国有土地使用证、建设工程规划许可证、竣工验收备案证明书、

房屋建筑面积测绘成果报告等

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4.产品工艺流程及生产布局

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