2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解B篇(带答案精确校对)

Section B

Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(B)

With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born-in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.

Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists—people trained to analyze large bodies of information — key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applicat ions that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.

Many companies that are born digital—particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle—are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields request from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.

The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launching a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend ＄150m a year on a single application and the total bills is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.

Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent.Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expend their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.

A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be

cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.

Despite the obstacles, some many master this difficult transition.But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.

60. What cannot be inferred from the passage about the machine learning ?

A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.

B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.

C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.

D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.

61. The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph “field s” mostly probably means______________.

A. avoids

B. creates

C. solves

D. classifies

62. Which one is the biggest obstacle for many traditional companies to begin a machine-learning operation ?

A. High cost

B. Expert crisis

C. Technological problem

D. Customer interactions

Keys: 60-62 D C A

Section B

Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(B)

Think the world loves your selfies as much as you do? Not exactly.

It’s become something of a ritual for many of us. When you’ve binge-watched everything on Netflix and you are tired of online shopping, you head to the bathroom to put on your very best makeup. Y our goal is clear; to get the perfect selfie for Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat…or, more likely, all of the above. After perfecting your eyeliner and curling your lashes, you’re ready. Y ou hold up your phone, pout those lips real tight, and in an instant, snap.

But wait, have you ever wondered what’s behind your burning desire to self-document? Most people would say that this is a form of expression or perhaps even a way of boosting their self-esteem. Whatever your reasons may be, the moment you upload that picture, it’s no longer yours to judge. Indeed, you pass over that immense power to the online world.

While you may think that your ever-growing collection of selfies endears people to you, quite the opposite may be true. That is, at least, according to a recent study, conducted by Sarah Diefenbach, a professor at Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and published in Frontiers in Psychology. Diefenbach surveyed a total of 238 people in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland to find out how many people regularly take and upload selfies and what they thought when others did the same thing.

Rather unsurprisingly, a massive 77 percent of the people surveyed admitted to being obsessed with regularly taking selfies. What was more interesting, though, was the fact that an astonishing 82 percent of people said that they would rather see other selfies on social media. Diefenbach calls this the “selfies paradox”:the idea that we like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other people’s selfies online.

The research didn’t just inquire into whether we want to see selfies, but also looked at how we view our own selfies as opposed to those of others. According to the results, people tend to see the selfies they like as “ self-ironic” and “authentic”, whereas they think that other people’s selfies as “less authentic” and more “self-presentational”.

In short, this research suggests that there is a massive gulf of difference between how we see our own selfies and how we judge other people’s pictures. It suggests that we are comfortable with the selfies we post since we believe they are obviously not serious or vain, but we think everyone else is a total egotist for doing the very same thing.

“This may explain how everybody can take selfies without feeling narcissistic. If most people think like this, then it is no wonder that the world is full of selfies,” explains Diefenbach. So, as illogical as it sounds, this could be why we unashamedly post selfies and then judge other people for doing so. Somehow, we are able to separate our own selfies from the sea of them online and naively think that ours are the only authentic ones.

So, the next time you idly reach for your phone and flick through the filters, consider this: The people around you may not need another carefully planned snap of your face. Instead, you might be better off, giving it a break and calling off the selfie photo shoot today. While you’re at it,

make sure you never post these pictures on social media either.

60. Which of the following may not be the reason for people uploading their selfies on the Internet?

A. To show others what kind of persons they are.

B. To be more confident about themselves.

C. To encourage others to make comments on them.

D. To make others like them more.

61. What does the word “paradox”(line 4, paragraph 5) mean?

A. complicated statements

B. contradictory statements

C. constructive statements

D. complimentary statements

62. According to the passage, what are people’s attitudes towards selfie s?

A. They tend to like their own selfies more compared with others’ selfies.

B. They believe that other people’s selfies are much better than their own.

C. They think that other people’s selfies are as genuine as theirs.

D. They sometimes feel ashamed of posting selfies on social media.

Keys: 60-62 CBA

Section B

Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(B)

Outdoor Recreation

Get outdoors with us this summer and experience the excitement and serenity within our unique programs. Research suggests that being physically active within green space helps reduce stress, anxiety, anger and improves moods and overall health and wellbeing. Our Department is integrating experiential activities for you enjoyment.

All fitness levels are welcome; we accommodate most accessible needs. Please contact Laurie Wright at lwright utsc utoronto ca with any questions. Trips are offered to registered U of T

students first and then if there is space to staff, non-registered students and guests of the participants. Register at recreg utoronto ca or in person at TPASC registration desk.

Please check our website for all updated trip dates, prices, registration details and more! Refund are only available up to 5 business days prior to the trip.

Upcoming adventures

TBD: Treetop Trekking and Mountain Biking

Participants will travel by bus up to Horseshoe Valley Resort. You may choose between a 3-hour Treetop Trekking adventure or 2 hours of x-country mountain biking through the forest trails. Treetop Trekking involves zip-lining and climbing through obstacle courses in a serene forest setting. Both adventures will be instructor lead and equipment will be provided. No experience necessary. Beginner to advanced courses will be available.

Tuesday, June 13th: Outdoor Rock Climbing OR Hiking Trails

A bus will transport students to Milton to either hike the area or rock climb. The rock climbing will take place at Rattlesnake Point and there is an opportunity for students to challenge themselves to climb up to 80ft on some of the best rock in Southern Ontario. All instructors are fully certified and all equipment will be provided. A custom course will be set up to meet needs of climbers. The hike will take place through some of the Bruce Peninsula trains and Halton Parks. Participants will have over 20kms of trails to choose from. You may hike with a group or follow the map trails with some friends.

Friday, June 30th (tentative date): Warsaw Caves

The Warsaw Caves Conservation Area and Campground takes its name from a series of seven caves found in the park. Join us as we explain the multiple courses and have a picnic lunch. Com enjoy this natural underground jungle gym.

......

60. If you are U of T teaching staff member who would like to take part in these programs, what kind of trouble could you come across?

A. You can’t get your fees for Tuesday trip back if you cancel it the previous Monday.

B. These outdoor adventures exhaust you psychologically so that you are in low spirits.

C. There is no space for you because registered students enjoy the priority.

D. The program of exploring Warsaw Caves underground is sure to change its date.

61. All the pictures below precisely illustrate the activities mentioned in the passage

EXCEPT________.

A. B.

C. D.

62. Which of the following is likely to be the next item mentioned in this passage?

A. Friday, October 6th, Canoeing & Kayaking on the Humber River.

B. Thursday, August 10th of Friday, August 11th: Biking at Studio 1.

C. Wednesday, July 19th. Regular Checkup (Men’s only) on Millitary Trail.

D. August 25-27th White Water Rafting on the Ottawa River.

Keys: 60-61 CAD

Section B

Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(B)

Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known

mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics 控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”

A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.

The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.

Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.

58. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may__________.

A. run out of human control

B. satisfy human’s real desires

C. command armies of killer robots

D. work faster than a mathematician

59. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to____________.

A. prevent themselves from being destroyed

B. achieve their original goals independently

C. do anything successfully with given orders

D. beat humans in international chess matches

60. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ____________.

A.help super intelligent machines work better

B. be secure against evil human beings

C. keep machines from being harmed

D. avoid robots’ affecting the world

61. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?

A. It will disappear with the development of AI.

B. It will get worse with human interference.

C. It will be solved but with difficulty.

D. It will stay for a decade.

Keys: 58-61 AADC

Section B

Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(B)

4 Hotels That Will Make Your Life Easier

By John Brandon

For the business traveler who’s all about efficiency: check out these hotels that will get you in and out with a minimum trouble.

When you’re pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow

hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process. 1. Yotel New York

The self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York -hotel are open 24x7 and work just like the ones you’d see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There's even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you're carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker(say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me,is head to a series of meetings.

2. Marriott Detroit Airport

Another option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (I’ve tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) here is the basic idea: you download the iPhone or Android app. The night before, you can “check-in” virtually. When you arrive, you get an alert that the room is ready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk.

3. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis

I happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked haw fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an airport terminal. The whole process took about 3' minutes. When I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out：An agent meets you in the lobby with, an iPad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line.

4. Radisson LaCrosse

The Radisson is trying to make the kiosk process even faster. At a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin，you use a mobile app to register the then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get to the kiosk, you can scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required. It's super fast. You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well.

60. What does the word ‘infuriate’, in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A. annoy

B. remind

C. amuse

D. impress

61. Which two hotels offer a mobile app for customers to check in ?

A. Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit Airport

B. Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson LaCrosse

C. Marriott Detroit Airport and Hyatt Regency Minneapolis

D. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson LaCrosse

62. Which hotel will send you a receipt by email?

A. Yotel New York'

B. Marriott Detroit Airport

C. Radisson LaCrosse

D. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis

Keys: 60-62 ABD

Section B

Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the

one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(B)