2001年第1期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第26期)科目:轮机维护与修理 试卷代号:873

2001年第1期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第26期)科目:轮机维护与修理        试卷代号:873
2001年第1期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第26期)科目:轮机维护与修理        试卷代号:873

中华人民共和国海事局

2001年第1期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第26期)

科目:轮机维护与修理试卷代号:873

适用对象:3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮

(本试卷卷面总分100分,及格分为70分,考试时间100分钟)

答题说明:本试卷试题均为单项选择题,请选择一个最合适的答案,并将该答案按答题卡要求,在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。每题1分,共100分。

1.船舶机械或零部件规定功能的丧失称为。

A.磨损 B.腐蚀 C.故障 D.断裂

2.妨碍产品完成规定功能的某种可能形式称为。

A.故障机理 B.故障模式 C.故障现象 D.故障征兆

3.产品在规定的时间、规定的条件下完成规定功能的概率,称为。

A.有效度 B.可靠性C.有效性 D.可靠度

4.某个系统由N个独立的部件组成, N个部件中只要有一个部件发生故障,系统就发生故障,这样的系统称为。

A.并联系统 B.串联系统 C.混联系统 D.储备系统

5.两零件在外力作用下产生相对运动(或有运动趋势)时,接触表面间产生切向阻力和阻力阻止运动的现象,称为。

A.摩擦 B.磨损C.摩擦力 D.摩擦力矩

6.燃油中的沥青成份,会导致。

A.高温腐蚀B.低温腐蚀C.颗粒磨损D.磨料磨损

7.为了提高现代柴油机气缸油在高温下保持油膜的能力,在气缸油中加入了。

A.极压添加剂 B.增添添加剂 C.抗氧化添加剂 D.抗腐蚀剂8.船舶柴油机在燃用重油进行磨合运转时,为了加速磨合_____。

A.应使用高碱值的气缸油B.应使用低碱值的气缸油

C.应使用高粘度的气缸油D.都不对

9.发生腐蚀时,介质与零件表面可能发生的是。

A.化学作用 B.电化学作用 C.物理作用 D.A或B或C

10.腐蚀介质常为。

A.气态 B.液态 C.固态 D.A或B或C

11.穴蚀亦称为_________.

A.空泡腐蚀 B.汽蚀 C.A或B D.点蚀

12.燃油系统的波动穴蚀主要发生在。

A.针阀上 B.高压油管上 C.出油阀上 D.柱塞上

13.下列指标中,不是机械负荷的是_________。

A.安装预紧 B.振动与冲击 C.扭转 D.温度

14.在无限次交变应力作用下,零件不发生断裂时的最大应力称为。

A.疲劳强度B.极限应力C.屈服极限D.疲劳极限15.过载损害区域越窄,过载抗力_________。

A.越大B.越小C.不变D.不一定

16.柴油机在使用管理方面引起疲劳断裂的不当措施有。

A.停车后立即停冷却水 B.起动时迅速跨越转速禁区

C.限制Pmax D.起动前充分暖缸

17.用听响法检查船机零件有无缺陷时,如果声音沙哑,则表示零件内部或表面。 A.无缺陷 B.有缺陷 C.不一定 D.表面无缺陷

18.用观察法进行缺陷检验时,是。

A.通过人的眼睛观察B.借助于低倍放大镜等辅助工具观察C.借助于高倍显微镜等辅助工具观察D.A或B

19.SULZER柴油机提供的SIPWA系统属于。

A.性能参数监控B.油液监测C.振动监测D.红外监测

20.轮机证书中的ECM附加标志的含义是柴油机采用。

A.性能参数监控B.油液监测 C.振动监测D.红外监测

21.稀盐酸清洗常用的浓度是 _________。

A.10% B.20% C.30% D.40%

22.清除大量的油污、油脂常用_________ 。

A.碱洗 B.酸洗 C.油洗 D.压缩空气

23.下列方法属于钳工修配的是___________。

A.电焊B.研磨 C.车削D.钻

24.下列哪一种不是常用的研磨膏_________ 。

A.白刚玉 B.氧化铬 C.氧化锌 D.氧化铁

25.活塞环槽光车属于。

A.修理尺寸法 B.恢复原始尺寸法C.尺寸选配法 D.更换法

26.组合式曲轴若发现个别轴颈有缺陷,可以采用 _________。

A.局部更换 B.成套更换C.焊补 D.热喷涂

27.堆焊可以在零件表面熔敷_________层金属。

A.一 B.二 C.多 D.A或C

28.由磷酸、氧化铜、氢氧化铝配制的无机粘接剂常用于_________环境。

A.500℃ B.400℃ C.300℃ D.200℃

29.在某些场合下,粘接可以替代_________。

A.焊接 B.铆接 C.过盈配合 D.A或B或C

30.气缸最大缸径增量△D=_________。

A.D

max

—D

公称

B.D

max

—D

min

C.D

公称

—D

max

D.D

公称

—D

min

31.活塞环的硬度应比缸套_________。

A.硬10~20HB B.软10~20HB C.硬10~20HRC D.软10~20HRC 32.铸铁活塞环的正常磨损率为_________.

A.0.1~0.5mm/kh B.0.01~0.05mm/kh C.0.5~1mm/kh D.0.05~0.1mm/kh 33.垂直面上的臂距差为_________。

A.L

-L

B.(L

-L

)/2 C.L

+L

D.(L

+L

)/2

34.某曲柄实测臂距差如图所示(单位mm),则。

A.上凸0.01

B.下凸

C.左凸 0.04 0.04

D.全不对 0.02 0.02

35.铜管或小直径的钢管采用。

A.电渣焊

B.气焊

C.电焊

D.等离子焊

36.柱塞套筒的磨损部位在_________处。

A.圆柱配合表面B.柱塞顶面C.套筒顶面D.螺旋泄油槽

37.检查水泵泵轴发现裂纹,应_________。

A.更新B.焊补C.粘接D.扣合

38.齿轮轮齿的过载断裂的断口为___________.

A.粗糙断口B.贝壳状断口 C.杯锥状断口D.扭转断口

39.冷却器碱洗的时间和浓度一般为___________。

A.24小时;10%B.12小时;5%

C.6小时;1%D.3小时;0.5%

40.用堵管法修理冷却器的管子,要求堵管数量不得超过总数的_________。

A.40%B.30%C.20%D.10%

41.下列对故障模式的理解,不正确的是:

A.故障模式即故障的表现形式

B.故障模式或是单一的,或是综合的

C.产品的故障模式是固定不变的

D.磨损、腐蚀、疲劳破坏等是船机设备的故障模式

42.工作到某时刻尚未发生故障的产品,在该时刻后单位时间内发生故障的概率,称为: A.故障密度函数 B.故障率

C.平均寿命 D.不可靠度

43.某船舶动力系统由3个工作单元串联而成,其中可靠度最低的单元的可靠度为0.8,则由这3个工作单元组成的系统的可靠度。

A.一定大于0.8 B.一定小于0.8 C.在0.8左右D.大小不一定44.在曲轴箱中,润滑油被剧烈地搅拌,为了防止产生稳定的泡沫,应在油加入。 A.防锈添加剂 B.清净分散剂 C.抗泡剂 D.油性剂

45.船机零件的磨损遵循的一般规律是。

A.正常磨损期、磨合期和急剧磨损期

B.正常磨损期和急剧磨损期

C.磨合期、正常磨损期和急剧磨损期

D.磨合期和急剧磨损期

46.衡量金属腐蚀的几个指标中,最适用于衡量密度不同的各金属腐蚀速度的是。

A.重量指标B.深度指标C.容量指标D.电阻性能指标47.为避免柴油机缸套的穴蚀现象,在设计中要求冷却水腔水流速度不应大于_____ m/s 。

A. 1 B.2 C.1.5 D.2.5

48.柴油机起动停车引起的热应力是热应力。

A.高频B.低频C.中频D.A或B或C49.疲劳断裂的最后断口呈。

A.粗晶状 B.细晶状 C.贝纹状 D.杯锥状

50.主轴承的不均匀磨损可以导致曲轴发生。

A.弯曲疲劳 B.扭转疲劳C.接触疲劳 D.热疲劳

51.防止热疲劳的有效途径有_________。

A.选用膨胀系数小的材料 B.选用高温强度大的材料

C.选用塑性好的材料 D.A+B+C

52.煤油白粉法适用于检查_________缺陷。

A.表面裂纹 B.表面磨损 C.内部缩孔D.内部疏松

53.在船舶柴油机的曲柄箱上设置正压传感器,在曲柄箱内压力超过极限值时报警,这种监测方法属于:

A.无损检测B.振动监测 C.油液监测D.性能参数监测54.状态监测与故障诊断相比,对操作人员的要求一般:

A.比较高 B.比较低 C.一样高 D.都不对

55.常规清洗主要是去除_________ 。

A.铁锈 B.水垢 C.积碳 D.油污

56.下列方法属于钳工修配的是。

A.电镀B.刮削C.磨削D.镗

57.运动部件的保修期为。

A.1个月B.2个月C.3个月D.4个月

58.用修理尺寸法修复之后,零件 __________。

A.有互换性 B.无互换性 C.A或B D.不一定

59.修理尺寸法适于_________ 修理。

A.批件 B.单件 C.成组 D.不一定

60.焊接与堆焊的主要区别是_________。

A.加热方式 B.施焊目的 C.焊丝 D.结合方式

61.下列关于粘结的说法中,错误的是:

A.离心泵叶轮与泵轴配合松动可用“厌氧胶”进行修理

B.氧化铜胶粘剂不允许在一块铁板上进行配制

C.无机粘结剂适用于高温且冲击负荷小的场合

D.造船厂常用无机胶粘机替代铸铁垫块以提高生产效率

62.关于粘接剂,下列叙述不正确的是_________.

A.粘接不增加零件的重量 B.不破坏材料的性能

C.室温下粘接对零件无热影响 D.固化时间长,收缩率大,膨胀系数大

63.对于船舶主机缸套的裂纹,不合理的修理方法是。

A.钳工修刮B.胶粘剂修理C.焊接D.强密扣合

64.测量气缸内径采用的量具是_________。

A.外径千分尺 B.内径千分尺 C.游标卡尺 D.塞尺

65.安装活塞环时为了防止_________须将搭口错开。

A.窜气 B.粘着 C.断裂 D.窜油

66.粘着磨损使气缸套内面产生形貌。

A.上下规则的磨痕B.局部脱落 C.鳞片状金属转移D.光洁孔洞

67.轴瓦背与轴承座应贴合良好,厚壁瓦安装完毕,_________的塞尺不得塞入。

A.0.05mm B.0.1mm C.0.15mm D.0.20mm

68.检查喷油器密封性的定性方法是_________。

A.滑动试验法B.燃油漏损定量法 C.启阀压力试验 D.雾化试验

69.用手动螺杆压力校正常规的轴件时,_________.

A.凹面向上B.凸面向上C.A或B D.不一定

70.某些低速重载的齿轮啮合表面由于干摩擦而发生___________。

A.点蚀B.胶合C.断裂D.变形

71.火管锅炉的烟管腐蚀使管壁减薄超过原壁厚_________应换新。

A.20%B.30%C.40%D.50%

72.柴油机活塞-气缸间隙由于过度磨损而导致的敲缸.窜气等故障,属于:

A.管理性故障 B.突发性故障 C.磨损性故障 D.结构性故障

73.压铅法测轴承间隙应采用根铅丝。

A.1-2 B.2-3C.3-4 D.4-5

74.有200个轴承,在同样条件下使用了500小时后,有60个发生了故障,此时可靠度为: A.0.3 B.0.7 C.0.5 D.无法计算

75.为了将零件上的沉积物清洗到油中,保持船机零件表面清洁,并把沉积物分散为极小的微粒,防止堵塞系统,必须在润滑油中加入:

A.抗泡剂 B.清净分散剂C.防锈添加剂 D.A+B+C 76.船舶柴油机的拉缸,实质上是:

A.发生了严重的磨粒磨损 B.发生了严重的腐蚀磨损

C.发生了严重的粘着磨损 D.发生了表面疲劳磨损

77.气缸套内表面存在的腐蚀有_________.

A.化学腐蚀 B.电化学腐蚀 C.穴蚀 D.A或B

78.防止气缸套穴蚀的主要途径是_________.

A.减振 B.提高抗蚀能力 C.A+B D.采用干式气缸套

79.机械疲劳断裂是交变的_________ 的结果。

A.机械应力长期作用 B.热应力长期作用 C.机械负荷作用 D.热负荷作用80.高温疲劳是指零件在高于材料的的温度,受到交变应力的作用引起的疲劳破坏。(Tm为金属的熔点)

A.0.2Tm B.0.3Tm C.0.4Tm D.0.5Tm

81.疲劳裂纹扩展时第一阶段的扩展方向为。

A.最大正应力方向 B.最大切应力方向 C.A+B D.不一定

82.运动部件配合间隙过大,易产生。

A.机械负荷B.热冲击C.蠕变 D.缝隙腐蚀

83.液压试验法可以检查船机零件。

A.表面有无缺陷 B.内部有无缺陷

C.有无穿透性裂纹 D.A+B+C 84.检验船机零件表面有无缺陷时,一般可采用。

A.渗透探伤 B.射线探伤 C.超声波探伤 D.红外探伤

85.在船舶机械的油液监测技术中,如果希望得到磨粒形貌.尺寸方面的信息,则应采用的检测方法是。

A.光谱分析 B.常规理化性能分析 C.铁谱分析 D.A或B

86.清除严重的积碳常用_________。

A.机械清洗 B.合成清洗剂 C.油洗 D.A+B

87.下列不需要研磨的零件是________ 。

A .主轴承厚壁瓦 B.精密偶件 C.进排气阀 D.A+B+C

88.在零件表面用熔化的焊条(丝)熔敷一层或多层金属的技术称为_________。

A.焊接 B.堆焊 C.喷焊 D.喷涂

89.下列关于铸铁零件的焊接工艺,错误的说法是。

A.铸铁件的黄铜钎焊属于硬钎焊

B.磨损件堆焊常用“短段热焊法”,预热到600-700℃,属于热焊的范畴

C.铸铁焊补的预热一般用气焊预热,因其热影响区域大

D.为防止焊补后产生裂纹,故焊后须进行缓冷或低温退火

90.活塞环槽过度磨损后不可采用的修理工艺是_________.

A.附加零件 B.电镀 C.堆焊 D.粘接

91.高温环境下的粘接常选用_________。

A.环氧树酯 B.氧化铜无机粘接剂 C.酚醛—缩醛 D.酚醛聚酰氨92.目前主柴油机机座垫块常用的材料是_________.

A.铸铁 B.钢 C.环氧树酯 D.A或C

93.检查活塞顶部烧蚀的方法是_________。

A.观察法 B.听响法 C.测量法 D.水压试验法

94.四冲程机与二冲程机气缸套工况的主要区别在于_________。

A.高温 B.高压 C.腐蚀 D.承受侧推力

95.酸洗壳体时,加0.5~1.0%的甲醛是为了 _________。

A.抑制腐蚀 B.中和盐酸 C.控制速度D.钝化

96.柱塞或针阀磨损后可采用_________恢复尺寸。

A.镀Cr B.镀Fe C.镀Zn D.镀Cu

97.轴瓦表面的裂纹不可采用_________方法检查。

A.着色探伤B.磁力探伤C.听响法D.观察法

98.针阀与阀体进行滑动性能试验时,一般将针阀抽出_________左右后观察其下落速度。

A.1/3 B.2/3 C.1/2 D.3/4

99.检查冷却器中的防腐Zn块(棒)时,若剩余量___________原尺寸应换新。

A.<1/5 B.<1/3 C.<1/4 D.<1/2

100.大口径的管子更换时一般先点_________焊点。

A.一个 B.二个 C.三个 D.四个

汽轮机专业中级工职业技能鉴定试题及答案

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