中国人民大学博士入学考试考博试题真题

II. V ocabulary (10 points)

PartA (5 points)

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices

marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the

sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across

the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Example:

She prefers foreign wine to that produced__

A. previously

B. vLrtually

C. primarily

D. domestically

The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D.

Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [D]

1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the

present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__

patriotism.

A. obsolete

B. aggressive

C. harmonious

D. amiable

Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.

A. dilemmas

B. countenances

C. concessions

D. junctions

3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it

sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.

A. strive

B. ascertain

C. justify

D. adhere

4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife

for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set

up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.

A. conservation

B. maintenance

C. storage

D. reserve

5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking

< 9 in level lowest its to month, .last points 15>

< D. plummeted C. mutated B. soared A.>

< computers files destroyed that computer___ a is Melissa>

< the around users of thousands frustrated>

< disease vires genius >

< competition>

< fabulous edible negligent >

< how seeing after poverty, their _____ more seemed boy The>

< grandparents>

< reconciled >

< deteriorated >

< chance never____ Tom China, stay, two-month his During>

< practice>

< passed by passed up on >

< can ____ before paid be must debts dies, person When>

< platitudes legacies paradoxes >

< (5 B>

< or word one there sentences following each In>

< the C, B, A, marked choices four are sentence Below underlined.> < underiined meaning closest Choose>

< across bar single with letter corresponding Mark>

< SHEET ANSWER on bracket>

e >< within letters these all finish she competent; Very secretary>

< ;.,ca, ..>

< clever industrious careful >

< ?capable?. e:zting m -;n ?competent? sentence, this>

< choose should you>

< Sample>

< [C] [B] [A]>

< women portray tends today advertising claims He>

< care taking cooking as such roles>

< criticize D; advocate depict >

< tO magic lending dreamed, eyer had they than achieved They>

< possibly could life ordinary tale no that story family>

< exaggerate D C.match achieve A.confirm >

< industrial toxic____ those for dump. find thing urgent most>

< smelly recyclable imminent >

< guns electorate promised Blair Tony Minister Prime British>

< further win attempt an without fired nor>

< juries voters delegates allies >

< that the The college :children?s our between tradeoff suggests analysis>

< security retirement own>

< freezing promising frightening >

< against conspiracy regarded was treaty signing Their>

< joint design clever attack bold plan secret>

< testify thousand by foomotes and reference, Evidence,>

< range full justice considerable does who researcher>

< diligent intelligent trustworthy positions. political beorefical>

< stories are them lifestyle, isolated spartan, Despite>

< civilians violence wanton raped being>

< demonstrative exasperating: intriguing >

< blacked clothing dark from nickname their derived gang>

< raids .nocturnal faces>

< brutal night-time illegal >

< has Linda sisters, her hard work lazy too sometimes Though>

< fondness avid>

< ardent gallant mercurial >

< (10 Cloze>

< best passage. following Read :>

< mark blank>

< on bracket Sheet Answer>

< began Yahoo age, computer aspects other many Like>

< passion. time full- into ____22 has Iately hobby ___ 21>

< Ph. Yang, Jerry Filo David Yahoo, developers>

< theirguide started University, Stanford at Engineering Electrical _ 23>

< interest personal 24 keep way 1994>

< becoming were lists home,brewed ___ ___25 they long>

< andmore spend Gradually 26____ >

< platitudes legacies paradoxes >

< (5 B>

< or word one there sentences following each In>

< the C, B, A, marked choices four are sentence Below underlined.> < underiined meaning closest Choose>

< across bar single with letter corresponding Mark>

< SHEET ANSWER on bracket>

e >< within letters these all finish she competent; Very secretary>

< ;.,ca, ..>

< clever industrious careful >

< ?capable?. e:zting m -;n ?competent? sentence, this>

< choose should you>

< Sample>

< [C] [B] [A]>

< women portray tends today advertising claims He>

< care taking cooking as such roles>

< criticize D; advocate depict >

< tO magic lending dreamed, eyer had they than achieved They>

< possibly could life ordinary tale no that story family>

< exaggerate D C.match achieve A.confirm >

< industrial toxic____ those for dump. find thing urgent most>

< smelly recyclable imminent >

< guns electorate promised Blair Tony Minister Prime British>

< further win attempt an without fired nor>

< juries voters delegates allies >

< that the The college :children?s our between tradeoff suggests analysis>

< security retirement own>

< freezing promising frightening >

< against conspiracy regarded was treaty signing Their>

< joint design clever attack bold plan secret>

< testify thousand by foomotes and reference, Evidence,>

< range full justice considerable does who researcher>

< diligent intelligent trustworthy positions. political beorefical>

< stories are them lifestyle, isolated spartan, Despite>

< civilians violence wanton raped being>

< demonstrative exasperating: intriguing >

< blacked clothing dark from nickname their derived gang>

< raids .nocturnal faces>

< brutal night-time illegal >

< has Linda sisters, her hard work lazy too sometimes Though>

< fondness avid>

< ardent gallant mercurial >

< (10 Cloze>

< best passage. following Read :>

< mark blank>

< on bracket Sheet Answer>

< began Yahoo age, computer aspects other many Like>

< passion. time full- into ____22 has Iately hobby ___ 21>

< Ph. Yang, Jerry Filo David Yahoo, developers>

< theirguide started University, Stanford at Engineering Electrical _ 23>

< interest personal 24 keep way 1994>

< becoming were lists home,brewed ___ ___25 they long>

< andmore spend Gradually 26____ >

< database customized yahoo 27____ 1994,>

< began use users____29____ needs to____28_____>

< community. Intemet 30____ closely through service>

< edit identify locate, 31 them___ help software>

< for Yahoo ?Yet stand 33____ ____ Intemet. ___32___ >

< itself Yahoo? yahoos. themselves considered because ___ ___34>

< engine search while ?akebono?, workstation, Yang?s 35>

< computer, Filo?s 36>

< Netscape co-founder Andreessen, Marc 1995 early>

< move Yang invited California, View, Mountain>

< result As Netscape. ___38____ larger 37___ >

< benefiasc. parties both , 39___ returned network>

< computerslinked tens information organized 40 >

< mm grew became >

< looked saw made >

< about on in >

< record n-ack contact ?. touch >

< argued found E. founded >

< invaluable D tamable tough unwieldy >

< sold shank exchanged >

< discover serve explain >

< actually that which >

< C.bound interactive relative >

< actually C.exactly efficiently fluently >

< sold purchased transmitted >

< going bound about >

< name model fable >

< lived resided supported >

< introduced lodged connected >

< hosed caught housed beneath18. inside away over >

< ordinary normal average >

< maintains B.detains attains >

< (20 Comprehension Reading>

e following best Read choices>< decideon passages,>

< then statement unfinished question>

< square>

< suggestions practical offers principle contiguity Guthrie?s>

< young involves method thrcshoM application One>

< so spans, attention short have children Young activities. academic>

e on they work time activities>< Most limited. activity sustain>

< than no at start However, minutes. 40 30 longer last scheduled>

< and attention often problems behavior wane quickly spans year, school>

< might, teacher theory, Gutiarie?s apply To>

< could minutes. teacher weeks few next Over 20>

< working students increase>

< abd printing teaching applied also methoci threshold>

< letters, learn first>

< lines distances coordination. motor free lack>

< If space. fit wide purposely>

< lines spill would students? introduced, initially narrow>

< letters and students Once frustrated. become might>

< borders smaller paper borders, the >

< method students applied disruptive disciplining when fatigue>

< room. sail airplanes build>

< a the of them from students paper, stack large We classroom,>

< them have start students paper several made After airplanes. making> < cue will attraction lose>

< building>

< they students first when enter gym race continually Some>

< theteacher method, employ class. education>

< laps run continue>

< and who method students talk used response incompatible>

< books interesting students?to ask center Themedia talking. center. media in >

< studentS Assuming>

< reading selecting time, will,>

< talking>

< asleep. fall regularly some studies social>

< was and while very lecturing projector overhead board using> < elements incorporate Soon>

< involvs debates, videotapes, experiments,>

< raise>

< passage purpose>

< debate persuade inform >

< methods three identified Guthrie>

< bad altering students educating>

< good forming action undesired avoiding>

< threshold applying example not Which>

< food mixed bites small spinach introduce Parents>

< eat refuse child enjoys>

< blocks content Teachers>

< not where but length session gradually>

< narrow wider Paper>

< step introduced>

< be no by longer might made child fan it until toys throw A> < throwing repeatedly change order parents>

< people television, watching snacking stop>

< forth. puzzles, crossword working painting, sewing, busy>

< engaging becomes TV time.>

< What ?king. snac>

< Caribe, changed GM meaning. cursed>

< up?>

< beverage been blunders Marketing>

< (for Giant? Green ?Jolly friendly company?s American>

< translated different quite something became>

< ?Intimidating>

< Alive ?Come slogan, popular Pepsi?s German>

< buy rush didn?t Germany>

< with stop doesn?t marketing international Successful > < understood researched culture>

< avoid>

< values, appreciate understand do marketers>

< or they fail culture, economy religion, superstitions, climate,> <>

< pentare new tried designer American example, For>

< interest. little aroused product market Latin>

< used it funerals traditionally camellia reason>

< South>

< advertising, foreign nature special awakened Having>

< translations conscientious much>

< translators professional hire errors prevent distinctions. cultural>

< and use technique usage, idiomatic>

< possibility reduce translation? ?back>

e into target>< message translate uses process>

< aim Effective back. another>

< word-for-word advertisement overall>

< intended conveys rarely original>

< to need messages countries, advertisements designing>

e >< should They considered also avoid part funny what since jokes,> < humorous may world>

< __>

< ia Important Is Culture>

< Misunderstanding Cultural Avoid>

< Different Shock Overcome>

< Life Various Reflect Advertisements>

< mean ?blunder?>

< stutter mistake hesitation >

< gist summarize statements>

< Paragraph 3>

< Faulty shocks >

< Prevent oversights >

< ? ?ca context>

< probably>

< perfume animal>

< fabric piece>

< fragrance flower>

< prefume nrnament>

e to___>< different errors prevent countries advertising>

< know don?t A.fire>

< technique possibility reduce translation? ?literal called https://www.360docs.net/doc/1117506742.html,e>

< certain oversights>

< details explain>

< not year dollars millions collect executives chief unusual It>

< years, fifteen bonuses. options, stock>

< down. went income highest taxes rose,>

< now>

< not top, rising prerequisite Amiability>

< bad not chief It tempers. legendary officers executive>

< although subordinates well-being about worry job s>

< quickly it about based supposed savvy business His . worries he

thecompany times; swept wi!! enemies>

< home goes .so industry company .his knowledge>

< - up top At briefcase.>

< get enough capable>

< highly schedule,>

< board may wife Although intellectual.>

< pursuits. himself opera,>

< interests despite management, concern largely>

< combines outlet sportive him provides>

< exercise aerobic attempts days, These>

< taking executives highly stressed contribute thought substances> < eyes. deaf falls easy? ?take admonition doctor?s But running.> < nipping men younger knows work.>

< fares,? search ?executive carried head-hunting, Corporate >

< and has dynamic talent, individual faith great America industry.> < so regularly executives raid companies demand>

< managerial>

< paragraph second infer 51.>

< depends promotion>

< after it chief executive well-being look duty>

< know chief executive about company expected> <>

< kind paragraph) line (fa?st exercise? ?aerobic term> <>

< hallucination>

< physical>

< meditation>

< gather we From>

< aggressive>

< essential talent>

< corporate rum?>

< other?s undermine common>

< pl course golf article, according executives,> <>

< conduct>

< cultivate themselvesC. indulge>

< well>

< tree NOT>

< advice doctors? ignore tend Executives>

< pressure sensitive>

< earn All>

< careful>

< withsome together Mishima, Yukio 1970 November>

< he dod four, WhiCh. Society Shield ultranationalistic>

< Forces Defense Eastern Japan?s headquarters broke>

< tied aides, overpowered daggers, swords>

< speech. hear assembled troops demanded>

< troops rebel inciting minutes, ten>

< had, States United imposed govemment>

< returned he response, ridicule only Receiving spineless.? Japan turned> < before and s proceeded eyes, unbelieving general?s there, office>

< ritual samurai tradifonal accordance strict>

e had into aides>< abdomen, left deep dagger driven Mishima>

< himself ?killed likewise aide sword. head>

< ?the fulfdlment, seppuku act joined.>

< samurai accordance kept body weak code; ancient>

< compensate war,>

< important, and, kendo) karate expert>

< plays, thirty novels, twenty lifetime writing.>

< also he acted directed, produced, stories: eighty>

< Forest stories, book stage. sang even>

< but it dealing (1948), Mask Confession 1943,>

< society, repressive leanings homosexual man>

< others Hemingway,? ?Japan?s>

< Oscar Peter Walter like writers ?aesthetic?>

< implies article>

< he Mishima army join refused>

< lunatic>

< who?is>D. Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer

57. The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was

A. Fo capture the commanding genera!

B. to urge the government to declare a war against America

C. to incite the soldiers to rebel against the Constitutional govemment

D. to force the Emperor to give up the throne

58. In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima____

A. was web received by the soldiers

B, was laughed at by the soldiers

C. impressed the commanding general

D, left a deep impression tO the soldiers

59. What IS true according to article?

A. The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.

B. The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attemnpt

C. Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.

D. one of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.

60. Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ___

A, written "Patriotism", one of his most powerful stories

B. written eighty short stories

C. published "A Forest in Flower"

D. published "Confession of a Mask"

主观题部分

请用钢笔或圆珠笔将此部分试题的答案做在答题纸二上，否则无效！V. Translation (20 points)

Fart A. (10 points)

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER

SHEET.

One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of

loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the

economy. Buying a commodity or stock in the belief that prices will rise