关于步进电机的毕业设计外文翻译

附录2：英文资料及其中文翻译

Stepper motor is an electrical pulse will be converted into angular displacement of the implementing agencies. Put it in simple language-speaking: When the stepper drive pulse signal to a receiver, it drives stepper motor rotation direction by setting a fixed point of view (and the step angle). You can control the number of pulses to control the amount of angular displacement, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate positioning; At the same time, you can by controlling the pulse frequency to control the motor rotation speed and acceleration, so as to achieve the purpose of speed.

Stepper motor directly from the AC-DC power supply, and must use special equipment - stepper motor drive. Stepper motor drive system performance, in addition to their own performance with the motor on the outside, but also to a large extent depend on the drive is good or bad. A typical stepper motor drive system is operated by the stepper motor controller, stepper motor drives and stepper motor body is composed of three parts. Stepper motor controller stepper pulse and direction signal, each made of a pulse, stepper motor-driven stepper motor drives a rotor rotating step angle, that is, step-by-step further. High or low speed stepper motor, or speed, or deceleration, start or stop pulses are entirely dependent on whether the level or frequency. Decide the direction of the signal controller stepper motor clockwise or counterclockwise rotation. Typically, the stepper motor drive circuit from the logic control, power driver circuit, protection circuit and power components. Stepper motor drive controller, once received from the direction of the signal and step pulse, the control circuit on a pre-determined way of the electrical power-phase stepper motor excitation windings of the conduction or cut-off signal. Control circuit output signal power is low, can not provide the necessary stepping motor output power, the need for power amplifier, which is stepper motor driven power drive part. Power stepper motor drive circuit to control the input current winding to form a space for

rotating magnetic field excitation, the rotor-driven movement. Protection circuit in the event of short circuit, overload, overheating, such as failure to stop the rapid drive and motor.

Motor is usually for the permanent magnet rotor, when the current flows through the stator windings, the stator windings produce a magnetic field vector. The magnetic field will lead to a rotor angle of rotation, making a pair of rotor and stator magnetic field direction of the magnetic field direction. When the stator rotating magnetic field vector from a different angle. Also as the rotor magnetic field to a point of view. An electrical pulse for each input, the motor rotation angle step. Its output and input of the angular displacement is proportional to the pulses, with pulse frequency proportional to speed. Power to change the order of winding, the electrical will be reversed. We can, therefore, control the pulse number, frequency and electrical power windings of each phase to control the order of rotation of stepper motor.

Stepper motor types:

Permanent magnet (PM). Magnetic generally two-phase stepper, torque and are smaller and generally stepping angle of 7.5 degrees or 15 degrees; put more wind for air-conditioning.

Reactive (VR), the domestic general called BF, have a common three-phase reaction, step angle of 1.5 degrees; also have five-phase reaction. Noise, no torque has been set at a large number of out.

Hybrid (HB), common two-phase hybrid, five-phase hybrid, three-phase hybrid, four-phase hybrid, two-phase can be common with the four-phase drive, five-phase three-phase must be used with their drives;

Two-phase, four-phase hybrid step angle is 1.8 degrees more than a small size, great distance, and low noise;

Five-phase hybrid stepping motor is generally 0.72, the motor step angle small, high resolution, but the complexity of drive circuits, wiring problems, such as the 5-phase system of 10 lines.

Three-phase hybrid stepping motor step angle of 1.2 degrees, but

according to the use of 1.8 degrees, the three-phase hybrid stepping motor has a two-phase mixed than the five-phase hybrid more pole will help electric folder symmetric angle, it can be more than two-phase, five-phase high accuracy, the error even smaller, run more smoothly.

Stepper motor to maintain torque: stepper motor power means no rotation, the stator locked rotor torque. It is a stepper motor, one of the most important parameters, usually in the low-speed stepper motor torque at the time of close to maintain the torque. As the stepper motor output torque increases with the speed of constant attenuation, the output power also increases with the speed of change, so as to maintain torque on the stepper motor to measure the parameters of one of the most important. For example, when people say that the stepper motor 2N.m, in the absence of special circumstances that means for maintaining the torque of the stepper motor 2N.m.

Precision stepper motors: stepper motor step angle accuracy of 3-5%, not cumulative.

Start frequency of no-load: the stepper motor in case of no-load to the normal start of the pulse frequency, if the pulse frequency is higher than the value of motor does not start, possible to lose steps or blocking. In the case of the load, start frequency should be lower. If you want to achieve high-speed rotation motor, pulse frequency should be to accelerate the process, that is, the lower frequency to start, and then rose to a certain acceleration of the desired frequency (motor speed from low rise to high-speed).

Step angle: that is to send a pulse, the electrical angle corresponding to rotation.

Torque positioning: positioning torque stepper motor does not refer to the case of electricity, locked rotor torque stator.

Operating frequency: step-by-step stepper motor can run without losing the highest frequency.

Subdivision Drive: stepper motor drives the main aim is to weaken or eliminate low-frequency vibration of the stepper motor to improve the accuracy

of the motor running. Reduce noise. If the step angle is 1.8 °(full step) the two-phase hybrid stepping motor, if the breakdown of the breakdown of the number of drives for the 8, then the operation of the electrical pulse for each resolution of 0.072 °, the precision of motor can reach or close to 0.225 °, also depends on the breakdown of the breakdown of the drive current control accuracy and other factors, the breakdown of the number of the more difficult the greater the precision of control.

步进电机是一种将电脉冲转化为角位移的执行机构。通俗一点讲：当步进驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号，它就驱动步进电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度（及步进角）。您可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移量，从而达到准确定位的目的；同时您可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度，从而达到调速的目的。

步进电机不能直接接到交直流电源上工作，而必须使用专用设备——步进电机驱动器.步进电机驱动系统的性能，除与电机本身的性能有关外，也在很大程度上取决于驱动器的优劣。典型的步进电机驱动系统是由步进电机控制器、步进电机驱动器和步进电机本体三部分组成。步进电机控制器发出步进脉冲和方向信号，每发一个脉冲，步进电机驱动器驱动步进电机转子旋转一个步距角，即步进一步。步进电机转速的高低、升速或降速、启动或停止都完全取决于脉冲的有无或频率的高低。控制器的方向信号决定步进电机的顺时针或逆时针旋转。通常，步进电机驱动器由逻辑控制电路、功率驱动电路、保护电路和电源组成。步进电机驱动器一旦接收到来自控制器的方向信号和步进脉冲，控制电路就按预先设定的电机通电方式产生步进电机各相励磁绕组导通或截止信号。控制电路输出的信号功率很低，不能提供步进电机所需的输出功率，必须进行功率放大，这就是步进电机驱动器的功率驱动部分。功率驱动电路向步进电机控制绕组输入电流，使其励磁形成空间旋转磁场，驱动转子运动。保护电路在出现短路、过载、过热等故障时迅速停止驱动器和电机的运行。

通常电机的转子为永磁体，当电流流过定子绕组时，定子绕组产生一矢量磁场。该磁场会带动转子旋转一角度，使得转子的一对磁场方向与定子的磁场方向一致。当定子的矢量磁场旋转一个角度。转子也随着该磁场转一个角度。每输入一个电脉冲，电动机转动一个角度前进一步。它输出的角位移与输入的脉冲数成正比、转速与脉冲频率成正比。改变绕组通电的顺序，电机就会反转。所以可用控制脉冲数量、频率及电动机各相绕组的通电顺序来控制步进电机的转动。

步进电机的种类：

永磁式（PM) .磁式步进一般为两相，转矩和体积较小，步进角一般为7.5

度或15度；多用于空调风摆上。

反应式（VR),国内一般叫BF，常见的有三相反应式，步距角为1.5度；也有五相反应式。噪音大，无定为转距已大量淘汰。

混合式（HB),常见的有两相混合式，五相混合式，三相混合式，四相混合式，两相跟四相可以通用驱动器，五相跟三相必须使用各自的驱动器；

两相、四相混合式步距角多是1.8度，具有小体积，大力距，低噪音；

五相混合式步进电机一般为0.72度，电机步距角小，分辨率高，但是驱动电路复杂，接线麻烦，如5相十线制。

三相混合式步进电机步距角为1.2度，但是使用中要按1.8度计算，三相混合式步进电机拥有比两相混合式，五相混合式更多的磁极，有利于电机夹角的对称，因此可以比两相，五相精度更高，误差更小，运行更平稳。

步进电机的保持转距：指步进电机通电但没有转动时，定子锁住转子的力矩。它是步进电机最重要的参数之一，通常步进电机在低速时的力矩接近保持转矩。由于步进电机的输出力矩随速度的增大而不断衰减，输出功率也随速度的增大而变化，所以保持转矩就成为了衡量步进电机最重要的参数之一。比如，当人们说2N.m的步进电机，在没有特殊说明的情况下是指保持转矩为2N.m的步进电机。

步进电机的精度：步进电机的精度为步进角的3-5%，且不累积。

空载启动频率：即步进电机在空载情况下能够正常启动的脉冲频率，如果脉冲频率高于该值，电机不能正常启动，可能发生丢步或堵转。在有负载的情况下，启动频率应更低。如果要使电机达到高速转动，脉冲频率应该有加速过程，即启动频率较低，然后按一定加速度升到所希望的高频（电机转速从低速升到高速）。

步距角：就是发送一个脉冲，电机对应转动的角度。

定位转距：定位转矩是指步进电机不通电的情况下，定子锁住转子的力矩。

运行频率：步进电机能不失步运行的最高频率。

细分驱动器：步进电机细分驱动器的主要目的是减弱或消除步进电机的低频振动，提高电机的运转精度。减少噪音。如对于步距角为 1.8°（整

步）两相混合式步进电机，如果细分驱动器的细分数为8，那么电机的运转分辨率为每个脉冲0.072°，电机的精度能否达到或接近0.225°，还取决于细分驱动器的细分电流控制精度等其他因素，细分数越大精度越难控制。