GENERAL KNOWLEDGE常识篇

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

常识篇

1．问：How many departments are there on board?

答：Three departments: Deck Department, Engine Department, Service Department. 2．问：Could you list international conventions concerning marine shipping?

答：Many conventions. For example: SOLAS, STCW, MARPOL, IMDG Code, and so on.

注：船东一般比较重视海事法规。他们都希望自己的雇员都懂法、守法、用法，因此船员应该知道国际上生效的各种公约法规，常用的如避碰规则，值班培训与发证标准国际公约等。

3．问：Could you tell the usage of several international conventions?

答：For example: STCW stands for the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. As the name suggested, it concerns training, watchkeeping, certificate standards. 72 COLREGS concerns the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at sea, 1972. It stipulates traffic rules at sea.

MARPOL 73/78 deals with marine environment pollution protection.

注：船东不仅希望船员了解海事法规的数量，而且希望雇员了解公约内容、生效时间、以及修正版本、修正内容等。

4．问：Where is Hawaii located? What is it used for?

答：Hawaii is located in the centre of the Pacific Ocean. It belongs to USA. It can be a relay port for vessel to be bunkered and transit the ocean.

注：这是一个地理的常识问题。目的不是考你知道与否，而是你需要知道什么时候需要借用此港口。也考察没有上过船的低级船员的地理知识。

5．问：How many important canals are there all over the world?

答：Three biggest canals: Panama Canal, Suez Canal, Kiel Canal. The most important Canals are Suez Canal and Panama Canal.

注：该问题为常规问题。据统计，该问题及相似地理知识问题一般用于考无航海经验的低级船员或大中专院校毕业生。

6．问：What is the purpose of Classification Society? Could you list some of them?

答：The Classification Society devoted to evaluate the condition of the ship, the management system of marine company and the ships. It is non-governmental. The famous classification Society are such as: DNV (Norway), Lloyd’s (the Great Britain),

B.V (France), CCS (China), and so on.

注：船厂级社的作用远不止这些。除了对船舶定等级之外，还参与海难调查、院校办学评估等等。船东还要通过此项考察船员的知识面，以及能否在诸多琐事中找出重点。

7．问：What is the numbering of cyclone?

答：In China waters, or Southeast Asia regions, china uses year and numbers to mark cyclone with Beaufort force over 8. Winds can also be numbered in Human names series in some countries, like in USA, and in some countries are even numbered with Arabic numbers and nambbes duplicately.

注：台风的编号在中国一直用编号，而在美国热带气旋的编号用女人名，但随着女权运动的兴起，现在也用男人名。

8．问How can you get weather information on board?

答：We can get it by receiving fax weather charts, weather reports broadcasted by th coast station, MSI, weather routing, and so on.

注：以上是考核船员是否关心气象学常识。一般船东在面试后闲聊中会在你无防备时提出的问题。

9．问：Where are the “trade wind zone”?

答：The Northeast trade wind zone is near 10 degrees North and the Southeast trade wind zone is near 10 degrees South.

12．问：What is SMS?

答：SMS is short for Safety Management Syatem. It includes the following functional requirement: (1) safety and environmental protection policy; (2) instructions and procedures to ensure safe operation of ship and protection environment; (3) Defined levels of authority and lines of communications among shore and shipboard crew; (4) Procedures for reporting accidents; (5) Procedures to prepare and react to emergency situations; (6) Procedures for internal audits and management reviews.

注：这是围绕ISM规则的相关问题。

13．问：What does DOC imply?

答：DOC stands for “Documentation of Compliance”. The marine shipping company should establish and maintain procedures to control all documents and data which a relvant to the SMS. Each ship should carry on board all documentation relevant to that ship.

14．问：What is SMC?

答：SMC means Safety Management Certificae. It should be issued to a ship be the

Administration or recognized by the organization.

注：本条考试源自ISM规则第13。4条。

15．问：What is DPA in ISM code?

答：DPA stands for Designated Person(s) Ashore. His (their) responsibility include

monitoring safety, polution prevention aspects on the behalf of shipowner.

注：请详细阅读ISM规则第4条。

16．问：What is NCR in ISM Code?

答：NCR is Non-conformity Report. Shipping companies need to establish procedures to ensure the ship fully complies with ISM provisions. If non-conformity is found, NCR should be submitted as soon as possible.

注：请详细阅读ISM规则第10条。

17．问：What does Y2K stand for?

答：Y2K stands for a key to 2000 year problem. We have solved Y2K problem on my board.

If Y2K possible occurs, we will change to manual operation instead of automatic operation.

We have obtained the Y2K compatible certificate issured by our company.

注：2000年问题，也是船检的一个主要内容。因此船东在面试船员时问你，看你知不知道。

18．问：Where is Good Hope Cape located?

It is located in the southwest coast of Soyth Africa. The ship will meet it to transit from the 答：Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean and vice versa.

注：这是一个地理常识问题。一般情况下超大型油轮或第五代以上集装箱轮在横跨印度洋和大西洋时必须要绕过此地。

19．问：Could you list of name equipment component on board?

答：My pleasure, sir! For example: windlass, steering gear, main engine, auxiliary engine, crane, derrick, cargo holds, hatch cover, line, paints, sextant, binoculars, pilot ladder, lifebuoy, lifejacket, fire-fight appliance, life signal, navigation light, siren, accommodation ladder,

torch, searchlight, and so on.

注：这是船东面试英语的惯用方法，让你列出船舶部件名称。你一定要有归纳与总结能力，条理清楚，或从上到下，可从头到尾，可从外到内。

20．问：Who takes care of documents on board?

答：captain, or a senior officer nominted by the captain.

注：这是一个ISM管理常识。文件管理人是船长。

21．问：What ISO standard must shipping compan obseerve?

答：ISO9002 is the standard to be observeed.

注：船舶营运的标准应遵守ISO9002管理标准。该标准是有关营运的，海事院校则执行ISO9001标准。

22．问：Who keeps the Master key?

答：The chief officer keeps the master key. In addition, he keeps pass key and accommodation key.

注：大副不仅保存万能钥匙，而且还要保存走廊和生活区房间的钥匙。

23．问：Who takes care of medicine?

答：In the past, doctor (if one is carried) will do. Nowaday, the second officer will take care of medicine chest and he will assist in cases of illness or accidents to crew.

注：目前国外船上较流行的做法是二副管医疗器具、药品，并司职原来船医的工作。少数公司也有大副保管药品的，因此就要求船舶驾驶员必须懂得药品及药理常识。24．问：How often will you have a life drill or fire fight-fighting drill?

答：One mounth interval.

注：救生和消防演习是全船都要关注的问题，因此应该知道演习的频度。

25．问：What does flage signal “Oscar” stand for?

答：It stand for man overboard.

注：人员落水时应挂字母“O”旗，鸣放三长声气笛，关转向。目视跟踪落水者，向落水者附近抛投救生圈等。

26．问：Could you list different mooring equipment on board?

答：Yes, Sir. For example: open chock, cleat, closed chock, bitts, open roller chock, padeye, bullnose, dolphin, and so on.

注：船上的缆桩，一般是用于系拖缆和盘放本船缆绳的，在不同的部位的形状不同，其英文名称也不同。

27．问：Could you talk different names of pier?

答：Yes, Sir. In addition to pier, many other names are widely used. For example: wharf, dock, terminal, jetty, quay, berth, pontoon, and so on.

注：码头有不同种说法，但意义不尽相同，如wharf指一般有仓储功能的码头，dock 指船坞码头，terminal指集装箱或油船码头，quay指具有吊货功能的码头，berth指泊位，jetty指突出的泊位，pontoon指浮码头。

28．问：Could you list different kinds of ship’s su rveys?

答：Yes, Sir. For example: annual surveys, Docking surveys, Special surveys, Immediate surveys, Surveys for renew certificates, and so on.

注：船舶检验有许多方式如前所列，检查由港口国检查、船东检查、船级社检查等等。29．问：Could you list the parts of a stocklees anchor?

答：OK. It includes shackle, shank, crown, fuke, hinge bolt, tripping palm.

注：上述名称分别叫：锚卸扣、锚干、锚冠、锚爪、横销、突角。

30．问：Could you list the parts of an electric windlass?

答：OK. It includes motor, warping drum gypsy, brake, clutch, hand wheel of clutch, hand ahead of brake.

注：电动锚机位于前甲板，其使用者是甲板部，修理归轮机部，属于共性的问题。31．问：Could you tell components of a Kisbie life-buoy fitted with lights?

答：OK. It includes calcium flare, lanyard of stopper, lanyard, buoyant light, lifeline.

注：船员不论什么职务的工作，都应掌握救生圈各部位的部件名称，以备应急之需。32．问：How to use ship’s Marine Stores published by ISO?

答：Ship’s Marine Stores can be used as a guidline when the stores are required. Firstly, use the catalogue of the book to look them up, then write down the codes on stores you required.

Finally, all stores required to use on board should have their code numbers, and all these

numbers need to submit Master.

注：使用《船舶物料手册》时应注意首先要查出用品所在范围，然后找到相应代码，由代码找到相应页码，核对图示规格，定上代码及方法。该手册是ISO所发行印刷的，目前在东南亚流行的是英日对照、英汉对照本。

33．问：Could you list different lines which ships use?

答：Yes, Sir. Headline, sternline, headspring, stern spring, breast line, tug line, towing line.

注：船舶缆绳是每个船员都应该知道的常识，除此之外，还应知道，single up（单绑），make fast（绑牢），let go（解掉）等一些命令。

34．问：Can you operate computer? What is Intel? Who is the boss of Microsoft Company?

答：Yes, I can. Or, No, I can not. Intel is a modle type of computers, CPU has different

generations as 386,486,586, and so on. The Microsoft Company is a private company in USA.

The boss is Mr. Bill Gates.

注：现代船舶操纵中船东一般要求高级船员应会使用微机。

35．问：Could you list some cargo which you have ever loaded?

答：Many cargo. Such as flour, ore, quick lime, corn, steel, cotton, fertilizer.

注：本条目是船东用来分析、考察船员是否关心与留意全船性的事物。

36．问：What are main reasons caused cargo damdge?

答：Many reasons, such as damages in inappropriate shifting or handling, damages in poor ventilation or cargo hold conditions, damages in trainshipment, damages due to the

characteristics of the cargo themselves.

注：每一种货物还可以具体展开，如装卸中货损还可分为装卸操作不当，装卸设备和吊货工具不当，装卸过程中天气影响，未按货物标志操作等等；积载不当还可分为货物积载设计不当，受载时位置不当等等；货舱条件引起货损包括：垫舱通风不良，舱内漏水，货舱不洁及潮湿；货物本身不良包括本身包装不良货物特性所决定的；运输过程中的货损包括大风浪、货舱时水等等。

37．问：Could you tell particulars of the ship?

答：My pleasure. LOA (LBP), width (beam), freeboard, draft. They are included three kinds:

the maximum particulars related to maneuerability, the registered particulars related to

certificaes, and the type particulars related to stability caculation, and so on.

注：船舶尺度是衡量船舶的一个重要尺度，它包括很多数据，通常按性质分类，可分为最大尺度、登记尺度、船天型尺度三类。

38．问：What is GMDSS? When was it implemented?

答：GMDSS stands for Golbal Maritime Distress and Safety System. It was implemented by Feb 1st 1999.

注：GMDSS 已经全面实施，在实施前曾经分过二个阶段。过渡期1992年2月1日至1999年2月1日。这一时期要求船舶必须配备NA VTEX（最后期限是1993年8月1日），INMARSAT-C安全网接收机（最后期限是1999年2月1日）。

39．问：If one of crew on board is seriously ill, whom will you contact with?

答：Many metyods. One of the methods is to contact with the shipowner, and obtain the

instractions from the shipowner, or you can ask the agent from the nearest harbour to arrange hospital admission.

注：船员生病的费用一般由两方面承担。船东互保协会承担一个固定数量，其余由船东承担，因此发生发生费用由船厂东承担这一事实就迫使在船工作人员注意一旦船上有病号应及时与船东联系，一般由船东按排，同时船上应采取一定的在助于维持病员生命的措施。

40．问：Who takes charge of fire fighting applicance in the engine room? What does it include?

答：Secounr engineer takes charge of it. It includes fire mains, dry power, and so on.

注：考轮机员此问题时在时加上你是否会操作，怎样操作等问题。

41．问：How often will you perform a fire-fighting drill? Who controls on the spot?

答：Once a mounth. The Chief officer takes charge of the drill on the spot. If the drill occurs in the engine room, chief engineer takes charge of the drill on the spot.

注：大副负责现场指挥，如果演习发生在机舱，则由轮机长负责现场指挥。

42．问：How often is the lifeboat launched into eater? Is it allowed to launch lifeboat in the harbour?

答：Within 3 mounths. If you want to launch the lifeboat in the harbour, you may enquire the local Harbour Superingtendency Administration before launching.

注：一般很少在外港放艇下水，但如果需要必须请示有关机构。

43．问：How many ensigns are used on board? Who takes charge of hoisting and lowering the ensigns?

答：The national flag of the registry country will be hoisted at stern. The company ensign will normally be hoisted at bow when the ship is not proceeding. The national flag of foreign

merchant country will be flied at foremast head. All the ensigns will be hoisted at sunrise and lowered at sunset. In general practice, A.Bon duty will perform hoisting or lowering ensign.

In addition, ship’s call sign flag and letter flag (for example: “Q”, “G”, “H”) will be hoisted when arriving at or departing from the harboue.

注：除上述之外，国旗还可用来与航行中较近距离的本国船舶、军舰或有外交关系国家军舰相遇时互相敬礼。可以用来表示重大国丧，但一般情况下国旗必须升满。44．问：In which area will a ship meet ice?

答：In the near polar areas, while it is in winter, a ship will meet ice, or even park ice, iceberg.

In general, ice situation is more deteoriate in fresh water than the same latitude in ocean.

注：冰况较严重的地区是高纬度地区。一般对船舶来讲主要是在北极附近，因为南极附

近是大陆，商船厂很少到达南极附近。在我国冬季渤海湾和黄海北部偶有浮冰，但基本不影响正常航行，我国的天津海岸电台负责发布冰况报告信息。在航警电传中B2=C是专用播发冰况信息的。

45．问：How many geostationary satellites are there in the INMARSAT syatem? How far is the geostationary orbit?

答：Ther are 4 geostationary satellites, which cover IOR, POR, AOR-W, AOR-E regions. The geostationary orbit is 36,000 km above the equator.

注：GMDSS刚实施，在实施前（1998年）有几家船东为了验证持有操作证书的真实性，提问上述问题。

46．问：How many components are there in the INMARSAT system?

答：There are five major components. Space segments operated by INMARSAT, NCC served as nerve center of the system. NCCs operated for their own ocean regions, CEEs controled by NCSs, and SESs.

注：这是一个了解GMDSS系统组织形式的问题。

47．问：What regulations are related to GMDSS?

答：Several regulations or conventions, such as the Radio Regulations, SOLAS Convention, STCW 78/95, SAR Convention, MERSAR, and so on.

注：GMDSS没有一个单独的公约体系，而是由上述公约规则合并而成。

48．问：What is the equipment requirement for ships which which operate in the different sea areas?

答：Ships sailing in area A1 must carry VHF equipment; Ships sailing in area A2 must carry MF as will as VHF; Ships sailing in area A3 must carry HF or INMARSA T, MF and VHF;

Ships sailling in area A4 must carry HF,MF, and VHF.

注：船舶按海区配备设备也是想验证一下应聘人员的GMDSS知识。

49．问：How many levels rae divided in the STCW 78/95code?

答：The competent certificates are divided into three levels: management level, operational level, and support level. The STCW 78/95 provides the minimum standards of each level.

注：STCW 公约是目前最重要的国际公约之一，船东想通过此方面提问来验证你是否真下理解和阅读过该公约。

50．问：Which convention is the most important of all international convention dealing with marintime safety?

答：The SOLAS convention is the most important. It was first drafted up in 1914, because of well-known disaster Titanic that lost more than 1500 lives in the North Atlantic. The

convention has many amendments, such as 1963, 1974,1988,1992.

注：这也是要考核你对公约的理解能力和对背景知识的了解程度，一般是在闲聊过程中完成的，这是一个考船长的问题。