最新电大专科建筑力学2348机考网考题库及答案

一、单项选择题

1．若刚体在二个力作用下处于平衡，则此二个力必( )。A．大小相等

B．大小相等，作用在同一直线C．方向相反，作用在同一直线

D．大小相等，方向相反，作用在同一直线

2．由两个物体组成的物体系统，共具有( )独立的平衡方程。

A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6

3．静定结构的几何组成特征是( )。 A.体系几何不变’B．体系几何不变且无多余约束C．体系几何可变D．体系几何瞬变

4．低碳钢的拉伸过程中，胡克定律在( )范围内成立。A．弹性阶段B．屈服阶段C．强化阶段D．颈缩阶段

1．约束反力中含有力偶的支座为( )。A．固定铰支座B．固定端支座C．可动铰支座D．都不是

2．截面法求杆件截面内力的三个主要步骤顺序为( )。A．列平衡方程、画受力图、取分离体B．画受力图、列平衡方程、取分离体C．画受力图、取分离体、列平衡方程D．取分离体、画受力图、列平衡方程

3．在一对( )位于杆件的纵向平面内的力偶作用下，杆‘件将产生弯曲变形，杆的轴线由直线弯曲成曲线。

A．大小相等B．大小相等、方向相反C．大小相等、方向相同

D．方向相反

4．低碳钢的拉伸过程中，( )阶段的特点是应力几乎不变。

A．弹性B．屈服C．强化D．颈缩

1．约束反力中能确定约束反力方向的约束为( )。A．固定铰支座B．固定端支座C．可动铰支座D．光滑接触面

2．平面平行力系有( )个独立的平衡方程，可用来求解未知量。

A．4 B．3 C．2 D．1

3．三个刚片用( )两两相连，组成几何不变体系。 A.不在同一直线的三个单铰B．不在同一直线的三个铰

C．三个单铰D．三个铰

6．在梁的强度计算中，必须满足( )强度条件。A．正应力B．剪应力C．正应力和剪应力D．无所谓

7．在力法典型方程的系数和自由项中，数值范围可为正、负实数或零的有( )。

A．主系数B．主系数和副系数

C．主系数和自由项D．副系数和自由项

9．利用正应力强度条件，可进行( )三个方面的计算。 A.强度校核、刚度校核、稳定性校核B．强度校核、刚度校核、选择截面尺寸C．强度校核、选择截面尺寸、计算允许荷载D．强度校核、稳定性校核、计算允许荷载

10.在图乘法中，欲求某点的转角，则应在该点虚设( )。

A.竖向单位力B．水平向单位力C．任意方向单位力D．单位力偶

1．既限制物体沿任何方向运动，又限制物体转动的支座称为( )。

A．几何可变体系B．几何瞬变体系

C．几何不变体系，无多余约束D．几何不变体系，有一个多余约束

4．力的作用线都互相平行的平面力系是( )。A．平面一般力系B．平面汇交力系C．平面平行力系D．都不是

5．结点法计算静定平面桁架，其所取脱离体上的未知轴力数一般不超过( )个。A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4

7．轴向拉（压）时，杆件横截面上的正应力( )分布。A．均匀B．线性C．曲线D．任意

8．在图乘法中，欲求某点的水平位移，则应在该点虚设( )。

A．竖向单位力B．水平向单位力C．任意方向单位力D．单位力偶3．静定结构的几何组成特征是( )。A．体系几何不变

B．体系几何不变且无多余约束C．体系几何可变D．体系几何瞬变

5．图示构件为T形截面，其形心轴最有可能的是( )。A．Zl B．Z2 C Z3 D．Z4 6．位移法的基本未知量是( )。

A．杆件的变形B．多余约束力C．结点位移D．支座位移

7．作刚架内力图时规定，弯矩图画在杆件的( )。A．下边一侧一

B．左边一侧c．受拉一侧D．受压一侧二、判断题

11.在约束的类型中，结点可分为铰结点、刚结点、自由结点。(×)

12.交于一点的力所组成的力系，能够合成为一个合力，合力在坐标轴上的投影等于各分力在同一轴上投影的代数和。(\／)

13.在平面力系中，所有力作用线汇交于一点的力系，称为平面一般力系，有3个平衡方程。(×) 14.多余约束是指维持体系几何不变性所多余的约束。(\／)

15.杆件变形的基本形式共有轴向拉伸与压缩、剪切、扭转和弯曲四种。(\／)

16.截面上的剪力使研究对象有逆时针转向趋势时取正值。(×)

17.作材料的拉伸试验的试件，中间部分的工作长度是标距，规定圆形截面的试件，标距和直径之比为5：1或10：1。(\／)

18.平面图形的对称轴一定经过图形的形心。(\／) 19.两端固定的压杆，其长度系数是一端固定、一端自由的压杆的4倍。(×)

20.挠度向下为正，转角逆时针转向为正。(×) 21．力法的基本未知量就是多余未知力。(\／) 22.力矩分配法的三个基本要素为转动刚度、分配系数和传递系数。(\／)

23.力偶的作用面是指组成力偶的两个力所在的平面。(\／)

24.在使用图乘法时，两个相乘的图形中，至少有一个为直线图形。(\／)

25.力系简化所得的合力的投影和简化中心位置无关，而合力偶矩和简化中心位置有关。(\／)

11．约束是阻碍物体运动的限制物。(\／)

12．力沿坐标轴方向上的分力是矢量，力在坐标轴上的投影是代数量。(\／)

13.力系简化所得的合力的投影和简化中心位置有关，合力偶矩和简化中心位置有关。(×)

14.几何不变体系是指在荷载作用下，不考虑材料的位移时，结构的形状和位置都不可能变化的结构体系。( ×)

15.没有多余约束的几何不变体系组成的结构是超静定结构。(×)

16.平行于梁横截面的内力是剪力，作用面与梁横截面垂直的内力偶是弯矩。(\／)

17.轴向拉伸（压缩）的正应力大小和轴力的大小成正比，规定拉为正，压为负。(\／)

18.安全因素取值大于1的目的是为了使构件具有足够的安全储备。(\／)

19．压杆上的压力大于临界荷载，是压杆稳定平衡的前提。( ×)

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