Federal Reserve Bank of New York

纽约联邦储蓄银行参观指引

Tour Guidance to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York

第一部分了解纽约联邦储蓄银行

纽约联邦储蓄银行是美联储的一部分，其设立目的是为了维护经济、金融体系的安全、公正和活力。纽约联邦储蓄银行是组成美联储的12家地区联储银行之一。这12家银行，再加上位于华盛顿特区的美联储管委会，就构成了美国联邦储蓄系统。

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York works within the Federal Reserve System to foster the safety, soundness and vitality of the economic and financial systems. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York is one of 12 regional Reserve Banks which, together with the Board of Governors in Washington, D.C., make up the Federal Reserve System.

美联储，简称Fed，是美国国会于1913年设立的独立政府部门，履行相当于美国央行的职能。它的主要职能包括：规划和执行货币政策、监督和管理储蓄机构、控制货币波动、协助联邦政府融资项目以及作为美国政府的银行。另外，美联储还扮演着诸如运行全国支付系统、保护银行客户应有权益、促进社会建设和再投资等重要角色。

The Fed, as the system is commonly called, is an independent governmental entity created by Congress in 1913 to serve as the central bank of the United States. It is responsible for formulating and executing monetary policy, supervising and regulating depository institutions, providing an elastic currency, assisting the federal government's financing operations, and serving as the banker for the U.S. government. In addition, the Federal Reserve System has important roles in operating the nation's payments systems, protecting consumers' rights in their dealings with banks and promoting community development and reinvestment.

纽约联邦储蓄银行监管“联储二号区”，包括纽约州、新泽西州北部的12个郡、康涅狄格州的Fairfield 郡、波多黎各以及美属维京群岛。虽就管辖面积而言，纽约联邦储蓄银行是美联储12家银行中最小的一家，但其资产总量和活跃性在12家银行中位居首位。

The New York Fed oversees the Second Federal Reserve District, which includes New York State, the 12 northern counties of New Jersey, Fairfield County in Connecticut, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Though it serves a geographically small area compared with those of other Federal Reserve Banks, the New York Fed is the largest Reserve Bank in terms of assets and volume of activity.

纽约联邦储蓄银行约有2700名员工。纽约联邦储蓄银行除了其他11家银行都具有的职责外，还独有以下职责：执行公开市场操作，调控外汇市场，替国外中央银行、政府和国际机构存放其黄金储备。纽约联邦储蓄银行的三个职能中，最重要的是执行货币政策，其它两个职能是监管和海外操作。

The New York Fed employs about 2,700 officers and staff at the head office and the regional office in East Rutherford, New Jersey. In addition to responsibilities the New York Fed shares in common with the other Reserve Banks, the New York Fed has several unique responsibilities, including conducting open market operations, intervening in foreign exchange markets, and storing monetary gold for foreign central banks, governments and international agencies. Foremost among its functions is the implementation of monetary policy, one of the three missions of the New York Fed. The other two are supervision and regulation, and international operations.

在纽约联邦储蓄银行大楼地面80英尺以下、海平面50英尺以下的曼哈顿基石上，座落着号称全球最大的“黄金宝库”（由于瑞士银行没有披露其黄金储量，全球最大的称号尚不能得以确认）。该金库存放了约7,000多吨总价值约为$3,350亿美元的金锭（基于2011年4月市价）。

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York maintains a vault that lies 80 feet below street level and 50 feet below sea level, resting on Manhattan bedrock. Currently, it is reputedly the largest gold repository in the world (though this cannot be confirmed as Swiss banks do not report their gold stocks) and holds approximately 7,000 metric tons of gold bullion ($335 billion as of April 2011).

整个地下金库约有半个足球场大，于1921年建成并嵌入纽约基石，然后于1924年于金库之上修建银行大厦。金库的四面都是曼哈顿岛坚硬的岩石。金库的入口是一个90吨重的钢制圆柱体机关，当机关启动、粗大的圆柱体旋转后，中间会露出一个两米长的狭窄通道－这就是金库的惟一入口。每天晚上，钢制圆柱都会通过旋转关上这一入口。

The gold vault -- about half the size of a football field -- was built and lowered into New York's bedrock in 1921 before the building was completed in 1924. Solid rock surrounds it on all sides. There is only one way in or out -- through a narrow, 10-foot passageway cut into a 90-ton steel cylinder that sits within a giant steel-and-concrete frame. The cylinder can actually be lowered three-eighths of an inch to create an airtight and watertight seal. Large bolts then get inserted into the cylinder, locking it into place. Timers prevent it from being opened again until the next business day.

金库所储藏黄金属于很多其他国家、中央银行和诸如国际货币基金组织等国际机构。纽约联邦储蓄银行作为这些稀有金属的守护者，不向外国收取储存费，但转移黄金则要收取每块$1.75美元的费用（2008年的价格）。在搬运过程中，工人们需要穿上特别保护鞋以防止他们不慎被28磅的金锭所砸伤。

The gold is owned by many foreign nations, central banks and international organizations such as the IMF. The Federal Reserve Bank does not own the gold but serves as guardian of the precious metal, which it stores at no charge to the owners, but charging a 1.75$ (in 2008) per bar to move the gold. Moving the bars requires special footwear for the staff, to protect their feet in the case that they drop a 28 pound bar on their feet.

第二部分参观纽约联邦储蓄银行

我们已提前为诸位预约了纽约联邦储蓄银行的参观之旅，预约参观的时间为10月19日11:15AM，参观历时45分钟。参观人数限25人。

We have reserved for you a guided tour of the New York Fed several months in advance. The reserved time is 11:15 AM, Oct. 19 2011, and the tour length is 45 minutes. The number of visitors is limited to 25.

本次参观之旅包括三部分：1）纽约联邦储蓄银行运作：货币、银行业和联邦储蓄系统－通过多媒体交互式展示，让游客参与货币政策模拟以了解联邦储蓄系统的中央银行功能及其在经济中的作用；2）德拉克马、达布隆和美金：货币的历史－追溯三千年来世界各地从贝壳、硬币到纸钞的演变历史，并展示了800多例其协同赞助商美国钱币协会提供的知名收藏品；3）金库－纽约联邦储蓄银行如何存储约7000吨黄金？让我们走进海平面50英尺以下的地下金库去看看。

The guided tour includes three sessions: 1) FedWorks: Money, Banking and the Federal Reserve System - learn about the central banking functions of the Federal Reserve System through an interactive, multimedia exhibit that allows visitors to participate in a monetary policy simulation and to learn about the Fed's role in the economy. 2) Drachmas, Doubloons and Dollars: The History of Money - trace the history of shells, coins and paper money across the continents and through three millennia with more than 800 examples from the noted collection of exhibit co-sponsor, the American Numismatic Society. 3) Gold Vault – What does it take for the New York Fed to store roughly 7,000 tons of gold? Travel down 50 feet below sea level to the bedrock of Manhattan Island and find out! 被准许进入者，首先要出示有自己照片的证件（例如驾驶证、护照等），然后再过安检。相机和记录设备（包括笔记本）都禁止携带入内。

Visitors should be prepared to show officially issued photo ID such as a driver’s license or passport and then go through security screening. Photo-taking and recording devices (including notebook) may not be used inside the building.