心理学实验设计方案

心理学实验设计方案Revised on November 25, 2020

心理学实验设计方案

一，实验题目：人类在背诵英语单词时，英语单词的长度和被试背诵的时间是否影响背诵者的记忆效果

1假设

选用短的英语单词背诵时，背诵者的记忆效果比选用长的英语单词好；

背诵英语单词的时间长的比背诵时间短的记忆效果好

2变量及额外变量的操纵方法

自变量：单词的长度，背诵时间

因变量：背诵者的记忆效果（在分析中，选取单词默写正确个数为

额外变量：被试的性别、智商水平，疲劳效应等

3被试的选择及分组

选取男女被试各10名，每位被试接受四种水平(长单词—长时间、长单词—短时间、短单词—长时间、短单词—短时间)的实验处理

4实验实施过程及方法

选择100个英语单词（其中，长短单词各50个）作为实验材料，20名被试把他们随机分配到四个处理水平上，每个处理水平上分配5名被试。

让每组被试记忆单词，短单词选取CET四级词汇中含5-6个字母的单词，长单词选取CET四级词汇中含9-11个字母的单词；记忆的短时间为5分钟，长时间为10分钟。

记忆时间到时，让被试默写自己记忆的单词；批改被试默写的单词

二、计算机键盘与水平面可有三种倾斜度：0度、10度和15度，试设计一项实验来证明，哪一种倾斜度最有利于输入字符。

单因素被试间设计

1. 提出假设：在计算机和水平面之间的三种倾斜度中，0度，10度和15度中，打一段相同的材料（使用相同的语言），在完成任务以后，比较一下哪种任务完成的时间是最少的，假设倾斜10度所需要的时间是最少的。

2. 被试

筛选被试：筛选被试：在对被试进行选择的过程中，需要进行严格的筛选。在进行最后的测试之前，要对每个被试进行测试。让所有被试在同一个房间里进行，给他们500字

的中文文字，在最后的结果中筛选出在3-4分钟内完成的被试，这样能够排除掉打字技术对成绩的干扰。其中选出被试45名。每个被试分别接受三个水平的实验处理（0度，10度和15度）。

单因素被试间设计

3. 实验材料

3台配置一样的电脑，分别是：0度，10度和15度。

分别给被试呈现不熟悉的材料，避免对材料有熟悉度，每段文字500字。

4. 实验程序

(1) 把被试统一安排在指定教室进行，事先不需要太多的交流。

(2) 指导语：大家好，今天我们要进行一项文字输入的测试。在屏幕中央将会出现一篇文字，请您以最快的速度输入文字。在我说开始后，大家可以开始了。

(3)电脑自动记录被试完成的时间。

(4)进行数据分析。

三、研究者要探讨灯光强度与颜色对反应时的影响，试设计一个2×2实验研究范式。(要求说明实验中自变量、因变量与控制变量，是组间设计还是组内设计，被试如何分组，实验结果如何整理等)

参考答案：

实验设计：采用2×2多因素实验设计。

该实验研究的自变量有两个：灯光强度：分为强、弱两个水平，灯光的颜色：可分为红、绿两种不同颜色的灯光。这样，共有四种实验处理：红色的强光、红色的弱光、绿色的强光、绿色的弱光。

因变量：记录每个被试在不同实验条件下的反应时间。

控制变量：所有被试的练习次数、准备状态、额外动机、年龄以及其他个别差异应保持相等。

选取研究对象（取样）：随机选择大学生n（n>30）名，并将他们随机分为四组，每组分别接受一种实验处理（见上）。

2、研究者要探讨三种不同的教学方法对数学教学效果的影响，试设计一个真实验研究范式。(要求说明实验中自变量、因变量与控制变量，是组间设计还是组内设计，实验结果如何整理等)

实验设计：采用随机化多组后测设计（组间实验设计）

该实验研究的自变量为：教学方法，有三个水平：教学方法Ⅰ、教学方法Ⅱ、教学方法Ⅲ。

因变量：教学效果，可用实验结束后学生的学业成绩变化情况来表示。控制变量：不同数学教师的教学水平，学生的学习时间，学习动机等。选取研究对象（取样）：在某中学某年级随机选取学生n名，将其随机分为三组，在数学教学中分别使用三种不同的教学方法。

测出实验结束后三组被试的数学成绩，比较三组被试数学成绩的平均数，看是否有差异，采用单因素方差分析（或者F检验），如果有差异，说明三种教学方法对数学教学效果产生了不同影响。

英语面试

1，你喜欢的电视节目

my favorite reality Tv show is the impossible game. The Tv program has six famous male stars of china to take part in, the six men are Huanglei, Huangbo, Sunhonglei, Zhangyixing,Luozhixiang and Wangxun. It is very exciting and interesting because the six men should finish the impossible tasks that they have never done before. The tasks need people's intelligence, strong body and courage. I like Huanglei the most, because he is the most clever. I also like sunhonglei and huangbo, because they seem selfish, in fact they care others very much. and zhangyixing is the member of EXO, he is very handsome and popular with girls. Luozhixiang is very funny, I like him because where he is where the happiness is. Wangxun is always cheated, but he is still kind to others. At the beginning I think it's an entertainment show, and later I find it is of educational significance. From the program I learn a lot, I hope I can learn to challenge myself from the six men, I wish I can overcome my limitation and be more kind to others.

2、喜欢的音乐

I like pop music There are many different kind of musics, classic, electric, country and blue。 Among all these, pop music is my favorite。I love pop music because they are always fresh and always new。 Every time you get tired about one pop song, there will always be a new one waiting for you to listen。 Also, I love dancing with pop music which makes me feel young。 Whenever I feel upset or tired, pop music will cheer me up with they beautiful rhyme and teach me how to live my life in a right way。 Pop music is the soul of youth and it goes on forever。

3、喜欢的网站

I like surfing on the Internet. Although there are lots of websites, I like the CoCo English Learning website most.

It is useful for me to learn English. For-example, there are lots of English songs. I can improve my English by listening to English songs. Also, I can do some tests to check what I have learned.

It is also interesting. I can make friends who like English either by it.

4、喜欢团队合作还是个人

Team work is very important in our is quite often that one is not able to carry out a job by needs more people to complete it can say some importance jobs could not be done without example,in a football match,very member plays a different role which is important,all members must cooperate with each other to fight against the opponent can only win the match when they do good teamwork,or they will be has an old saying,"Unity is strength",which means the importance of teamwork.

5.网上购物

When it comes to online shopping, different people holds different ideas towards people seem extremely enjoy the way of buying things online because they feel online shopping is so convenient. Some just don’t believe that they can buy good quality commodities from Internet. As far as I’m concerned, I think online shopping creates lots of benefits to people.

People buy commodities by Internet not only because it saves us time, but also, we can save lots of money. buying things online is a way of saving time.

In conclusion, shopping online is a convenient, time-saving and money saving way.

6、分数重要还是能力重要

1 interpersonal relationships in the University, compared to learning, a little is not important;

2 interpersonal relationship is based on the value of the potential exchange, a person of no value, do not talk about interpersonal relationships;

3 learning is not just learning professional knowledge, learning without thinking of the people, also do not talk about the value of.

If you want to become a man of value, it must be in learning at the same time, diligent in thinking, diligent summary.

7、自己的兴趣爱好

I have many hobbies,such as listening to music,reading,running and so we all known,listening to music is a good way to coordinate our ,I enjoy listening to music,which can make me feel very ,I like reading very makes a have read the article whose name is ‘Of Studies’ that was written by said that studies serve for delight,for ornament and for we can not stop other words,never too old to addition,it is necessary to do exercise love running,because it has great effects on my a word,my hobbies have positive influences on my body and soul.

8、介绍家乡

Luoyang, as is known to us all, is the capital of thirteen dynasties, which is located in the west of Henan Province. The climate in Luoyang is pretty good. In summer, it won't be too hot. What's more it won't be much too cold in winter. Luoyang is a historical city, so there are so many scenic sites, such as Longmen Grottoes(Shiku), White Horse(Baima)Temple, and other beautiful scenery in Luanchuan. I think you must know this sentence 'Luoyang's peony is the best in the world'. So why not come to my hometown to see the peonies next year, and at that time I will show you around my hometown, besides, you will be taken to Laocheng, and I must treat you with lots of characteristic snacks. My hometown, Luoyang, is an amazing city and I love it so much.

9、难忘的经历

An unforgettable thing I still remember the first day when I went to school .I was very shy .I sat beside my desk and did not say a word .Many boys and girls wanted me to play with them .But I was too afraid to move .Tears came to my eyes .Just then a beautiful woman came to me .She told me that she was my teacher Miss Yang .She talked with me quietly and told funny stories to me .We laughed happily and I did not feel afraid any was so kind that I thought she was just like my mother .From then on , I made up my mind to be a teacher like her when I grew up ！

10、对家庭教育和对学校教育的看法

I personally think that family is more important than school education:

One, in the child's growth path, family education is more important than school education, father education and mother education equally important.

Second, family education with children from birth to, growth until the founding family. Family education don't in school education, the influence on children is subtle. Outlook on life, values, ethics, aesthetic view, mode of thinking, habits, behave as will give a greater impact; in the education of family education financial in family life is full of strong affection and the individual teaching way.

11、喜欢的电影

My favorite cartoon film is "Kung Fu Panda".Because it's very funny and story was great and the background was beautiful, it really felt like an ancient Chinese many people like this cartoon movie the character who I most like is the panda Arab League it not only unusual lovable and annoys the human to like, moreover is this cartoon movie's lead .But I did not deny that other roles also very much annoy the affection, for example tigress (Angelina Jolie), viper (Lucy Liu), praying mantis (Seth Rogen), hoist crane (David cross) and monkey (Jackie Chan).I from this cartoon movie middle school: Each people have the merit and the shortcoming, perhaps you only know your shortcoming, so long as but you look diligently, also will discover that oneself will have the merit.

12、城市规划

With industries and business developing quickly, the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduces. Efforts are being made to prevent people from cutting more trees. But a lot of trees are being destroyed by people who have never thought of the importance of green plants.

Making cities greener has many advantages. First, it can make our air cleaner. Some researchers have proved that trees can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through absorption. Second, it can make our cities more beautiful. With trees and flowers everywhere, living conditions can be improved. Finally, it can produce timber----an effective way to solve the problems of limited supply of natural resources.

Making our cities greener requires nationwide efforts. People in every field should not only know about the importance of keeping the quality of urban environment, but also take common action to plant more trees and flowers so as to improve our living conditions.

13、二胎政策

First of all, two-child policy is the gift for some only child. For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only child. Put aside the loneliness of their child, when their child grows up and they grow older, their child marry with an only child girl accidentally, the burden on their child and his wife is unimaginable heavy. Their child and his wife have to take care of two old couples. Usually, a young couple looking after an old couple is a little difficult; if the pressure increasing twice, how can they stand it. But if their parents have two children, they can share the burden of taking care of their parents. It would be much better. 首先，二胎政策对于一些独生子女来说是天赐的礼物。对于一些家庭来说，也许父母都是独生子女，而他们也只生一个孩子。抛开孩子的孤独不说，当他们的孩子长大了，而他们也变老了，他们的孩子又和一个独生子女结婚，这样的话,压在他们孩子和孩子妻子肩上的压力是不可想象的。他们的孩子和他的妻子不得不照顾两对老人。通常，一对年轻的夫妇照顾一对老人就有点难了；如果压力增加了一倍，他们怎么能忍受呢。但是如果他们的父母有两个孩子，他们就能分享照顾父母的压力。这样会比较好。

14、关于明星

Nowadays, star-worshiping is popular among teenagers, especially many university students.

Why When it comes to the symptoms of worshiping a star, the main factor I’d like to mention is imitation. With a blind love for their idols, teenagers firmly believe that their choices are the best. As a result, the stars’ clothes, hairstyles and hobbies, as well as their behaviors in public, are closely observed or followed, though, to some extent, they may be considered improper or even ridiculous.

In my opinion, having idols is not a bad thing. However, we should make it clear who are the real “heroes”. As far as I am concerned, the real heroes are those who are making the most contributions to our society, such as teachers, doctors and scientists. As students, we should learn from them. Only in this way can we become useful persons in the future.

15、交朋友看重的品质

Everyone needs friends. A friend can give us help and share our difficulties and happiness. But how can we make friends

First, to make friends, you must be friendly to others. Smile at others and you are sure to get a smile in return. You should try to make a stranger feel at home wherever he

happens to be. Think more of others than of yourself and never judge a person by his appearance and clothes.

Second, friends should negotiate instead of quarrel. When you don't agree someone, please discuss with him.

Finally, never believe in those who leave you when you are in trouble. And never leave your friend when he is in trouble. Remember, a friend in need is a friend indeed.

Friends should be faithful to each other. So long as you can put your friend's interests in front of yours, you will have a lot of good friends.

《登天的感觉》这本书，记载了岳晓东博士在哈佛大学心理咨询中心实习期间经手的十个咨询个案。岳博士用深入浅出的表达方式说了心理咨询的基本理论和方法，并把这些理论和方法巧妙地贯穿在各个案例中，生动讲述了他所做的这十个案例。

书中的这十个案例都给我留下了深刻的印象。例如第一个案例“我是全哈佛最自卑的人”，来访者是一位大一新生，她不能很好地适应哈佛大学的生活、学习、人际交往，觉得自己是全哈佛最自卑的人。这位来访者表现出了典型的“新生适应不良综合症”。岳博士针对她的状况，采用了“现实疗法”，帮忙她从自卑的漩涡中走了出来，重新拥抱自信的阳光。

从这个案例中，我学习到了岳博士提出的自信与自卑的关联。即人是活在相互比较的感觉中的。这种比较能够给人带来自信，也能够给人带来自卑。当一个人在与人比较中尽获自信时，他要学会与自己比较来获得自谦；而当他在与人比较中尽获自卑时，他要学会与自己比较来获得自信。自信与自卑是人自我感觉的天平，其操作的原则是平衡产生美。

从这本书中，我领悟到了心理咨询的三个方面知识。

第一个是什么叫做心理咨询。心理咨询是一项使人开心和不断成长的工作。使人开心是心理咨询的前奏曲，而使人成长才是心理咨询的主旋律。心理咨询力图使个人将不愉快的经历当作自我成长的良机。它竭力使人们用心地看待个人所受的挫折与磨难，从危机中看到生机，从困难中看到期望。心理咨询也在于帮忙人学会辨证地看待生活当中的忧愁烦恼。但这一切不是靠指教劝导得来的，而是要靠启发领悟才能获得的。用马斯洛的话来讲，心理咨询就是要使人获得“顶峰的体验”，这不就是“登天的感觉”吗第二个是心理咨询追求的目标是什么。心理咨询要使人从挫折中认真反省，总结经验教训，增强生活的智慧，以便能够更好地应付日后生活中可能出现的各种不愉快经历，也就是要使人更好地认识自我，开发自我，激励自我。

第三个是心理咨询之高明所在是什么。心理咨询之妙，就在于它帮忙了一个人，却让那个人感到是自己帮忙了自己，即助人自助。

我很喜爱这本书的基本构架。岳晓东博士在每个案例的后面，都加入了一段个案分析。对个案的性质、特点、咨询方针及操作方法等问题都进行了详尽的讨论。在个案中，岳博士也写了一些自己对留学美国八年的感悟和体会，并就一些资料、词汇及心理学专门术语做了相关的注释。在个案分析的后面，岳博士还加了一条心理学或心理咨询方面的小知识。