英语中的26个英文字母及发音音标

英语中的26个英文字母及发音音标如下:

Aa [e] Bb [bi:] Cc [si:] Dd [di:] Ee [i:] Ff [ef] Gg [d

i:]

Hh [e t∫] I i [ɑ] J j [d e] K k [ke] L l [el] Mm [em] N n [en] O o [?u] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S

s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:]

V v [vi:] W w [′dΛblju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:]/[zed]

以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如: з

1)含元音音素[ei]

字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk

音标: [e] [e t∫] [d e] [ke]

2) 含元音音素[i:]

字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv

音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]

3) 含元音音素[e] 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz

音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]

4) 含元音音素[ju:] 字母: Uu Qq Ww

音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`dΛblju:]

5) 含元音音素[ɑ] 字母: Ii 音标: [ɑ] Yy 音标: [wɑ]

英语发音规则

一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母的读音

a 在开音节中读[e]如：n a me pl a ne J a ne

b a by

c a ke

在闭音节中[?]如：b a g d a d h a t m a p bl a ck b a ck

e 在开音节中 [i:] h e th e se m e Chin e se

在闭音节中 [e] b e d l e t p e n d e sk y e s e gg

i 在开音节中[ɑ] b i ke dr i ve t i me n i ce

k i te

在闭音节中[?] f i sh b i g d ri nk s i t m i lk sw i m

o 在开音节中[?u] th o se cl o se g o h o me

n o

在闭音节中[D] cl o ck n o t b o x sh o p s o ck

u 在开音节中[ju:] st u dent exc u se d u ty T u esday

在闭音节中[Λ] b u s c u p j u mp m u ch l u nch

在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j, l ,r ,s后面时读[u:]音,

例如:J u ne bl u e r u ler s u per

二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

a [?] China another woman breakfast

[ ] orange comrade village cabbage

e [?] hundred student open weekend

[] chicken pocket begin children

i [?]/[?] holiday beautiful family animal

[a] exercise satellite

o [?] second tonight somebody welcome

[?u] also zero photo

u [?] autumn diffcult

[ju:] popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[e]音,例如:oper a te

u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j、 l、 r、 s后面时,读[u(:)]音,

例如:J u ly infl u ence Febr u ary iss u e

三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

1、a在[w]音后面 [?] w a nt wh a t w a tch w a sh qu a lity

a在f、n、 sk 、ph 、sp 、ss 、st 、th前时读 [ɑ:]

a fter pl a nt gr a ph a sk gr a sp gl a ss f a st f a ther

2、i在-nd、 -ld和gh前读[ɑ] 如: f i nd ch i ld l i ght h i gh

3、o在-st、 -ld前读[?u] 如: m o st p o stcard o ld c o ld

4、o在m、 n 、v 、th前读[Λ] c o me m o nkey l o ve m o ther

四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音?з?

1、ar

ar 一般读[ɑ:] car farm dark sharp

在[w]后读[?:] w ar m qu ar ter tow ar ds

2、or

[?:] 如： f or ty m or ning sh or t

or在[w]音后面读[з:] w or d w or ker w or se

3、er、 ir、 ur读 [з:] 如： c er tainly b ir d Th ur sday

辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成 -r音节,而是按重读闭音节

的拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[?]音,例如:

doll ar teach er mart yr f or get Sat ur day

五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读音

例词

are [e?] c are d are h are

ere [?] h ere m ere

ire [ɑ?] f ire h ire w ire

ore [?:] m ore sc ore bef ore sh ore b ore

ure [ju:?] p ure c ure

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[?]音,例如:pict ure pleas ure

重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音.

例如: parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.

例如:orange very American paragraph

六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

ai/ay读音[e]

例词 afraid rain wait day play

air[e?] air hair chair pair repair

al在f,m前读 [?:l] small ball talk wall all [?:l] always also salt almost bald

[ɑ:] half calm palm

au/aw[?:] autumn daughter draw

ea [i:] teach easy cheap please

[e] heavy bread sweater weather

[e] break great

ear [?] hear dear near clear year

[e?] bear pear wear

[з:] earth learn early

ee [i:] jeep week green three

eer [?]] pioneer deer beer

ei/ey [e] eight neighbour they

[i:] either key

eu/ew在j、l、r、s后读 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew

ie/ei 在[s]音之后念[i:] piece field receive

oa [?u] coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor [?:] roar board door floor

oi/oy [?] noise point boy toilet

oo [u:] broom food tooth school

[u] book look cook foot good

ou/ow [ɑu] flower house count down

[?u] know row throw though

[Λ] young country enough

[u:] group you soup

our [?:] course your four

[ɑu?] our hour ours

[з:] j our ney

ui 在j、l 、r、 s后 [ju: ] fluid suicide tuition [u:] j ui ce fr ui t s ui t

七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群

读音例词

ai/ay 、ei/ey [] Sunday foreign monkey

ow [?u] yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[?]音或 [].

例如:neighb our seri ou s fam ou s bisc ui t coff ee

-sion -tion [∫n] impression nation

-sion在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion

-tion在s后 [t∫n] ques tion sugges tion

-sten [sn] listen

-stle [sl] whistle castle

-sure[З?] pleasure measure

-ture [t∫?]picture culture

八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.

例如:

everyd ay [e]

handb a g [?]

blackb oar d [?:]

有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.

例如:

sun太阳 + day[e]日子 > Sunday[] 星期天

holy神圣 + day[e]日子 > holiday[] 假日

break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[?] 早餐

cup茶杯 + board木板[?:] > cupboard[?] 碗柜

九,辅字组的读音

辅音字母组读音例词

b[b] bike bus bag

[/] bomb tomb

c [k] cake picture coat music

在e前或在i/y前[s] face decide cinema

ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher

[k] school headache chemistry

[∫] machine

-ck [k] cock pocket black knock

d [d] doctor bread hand day

-dge [d ] bridge fridge

dr- [dr] children driver drink

-ds [dz] stands floods goods

f [f] five four breakfast

g [g] bag gardon go

在e i/y前[d ] orange large German

gh [f] cough enough

[/] light daughter high

gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue

[gw] language anguish

h [h] hot head house hand

[/] hour honest

j [d ] jeep jar joke join July

k [k] kind bike skate make week

kn- [n] knife know knock

l [l] life milk school tall

m [m] monkey come autumn

-mn [m] autumn column

n [n] not shine ten note

在[k]/ [g]音前[?] uncle thank hungry

-ng [?] morning young wrong

p [p] paper plane pig ship pen

ph [f] elephant photo telephone

q [k] Iraq

qu- [kw] quality quite

r [r] red rubber ruler

s在词首或清辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk

元音字母间或浊辅音前[z] music husband

sc- [sk] scarlet school

[s] muscle science

sh[∫] she fish shirt wash

t在通常情况下 [t] ten letter meet

在弱读字母ia ie io前[∫] patient nation

tch [t∫] watch kitchen

th在通常情况下[θ] thin thirty method

在冠词代词介词连词中[e]the these with than

在词尾-the -ther中[e] clothe father weather

tr-[tr] tree train country truck

ts [ts] sports parts

v [v] very voice love leave

w [w] week win wake sweet wait

[/] answer two

wh- wh-在字母o前[w] what when white why

[h]who whose whole

x 在重读元音前[ks] box text exercise

[gz]examle exist exact

wr- [r] write

y- [j] yes yard yellow young

z [z] puzzle zero zoo

重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号.

开音节①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:

no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.

②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发

音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home

ex-cuse.

闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.

例如: bag egg fish not cup

多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.

例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion

词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如: scien `tific im`pression `nation