中考英语语法知识点总结名词与代词

中考英语语法知识点总结名词与代词
中考英语语法知识点总结名词与代词

中考英语语法知识点总结:名词与代词

名词

名词复数的特殊变化。

普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es〃

a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾〃复数要加-es;

b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es;

c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe 变为-v, 再加-es;

d. 以-o结尾的名词〃一般来说〃末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s〃我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词〃变复数加-es。如:tomato, hero, potato〃当然其中的piano 和photo〃又是一个例外〃他们的结尾只能加-s。

e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。

注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词〃其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如:an Englishman〃two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词〃故复数形式为 Germans;

f. deer〃sheep等词单复数同形。 people〃police〃cattle 等词〃以单数形式出现〃但实为复数〃所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式〃这就是集体名词。the English〃the French〃the Chinese 等名词表示国民总称时〃也作复数用。

注意:maths〃politics〃physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾〃仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国)〃the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。

别奇怪,名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外。

a. man, woman等作定语时〃它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers〃 women teachers。

b. 数词+名词作定语时〃这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:a ten-mile walk十里路〃two-hundred trees 两百棵树。代词

代词中第一个“小个性”就是物主代词。像my和mine这两个小冤家总是让人分不清谁是谁。但你只要记住它们最重要的区别—my的后面一定要接名词〃不可以单独出现〃只能做定语〃如:my father;而 mine则是名词性〃只能单独出现〃在句中做主语和表语。如:Mine is green. It's mine. 记住这两个句子〃凡是名词性物主代词(yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs)就都可以放在mine的位置上了。

代词的第二个“罗嗦”就是它有一个小跟班-self(selves)—反身代词〃也就是表示“自己、亲自”的意思。关于反身代词〃需要注意的是她不能单独做主语〃但可以放在人称代词后面〃做同位语。如:Marry herself said so. 玛丽她自己这么说的。

Of+名词性物主代词:

of +物主代词构成双重所有格。公式为:a(an, this, that )+名词+of +名词性物主代词。因为物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no, each,every, such, another等词一起前置〃修饰一个名词〃而必须用双重所有格。如: a friend of mine(我的一个朋友) some, any的用法:上面的内容以提到过

every 和each的用法:

every 强调全体的概念〃指三个以上的人或物(含三个)〃不可单独使用;each强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)〃可单独使用.。Every student in our school works hard.(我们学校的学生都很用功。) Each student may have one book.. (每个学生都可有一本书。)

both, either, neither的用法:

both意为“两者全都”〃与复数连用。either意为“两者中间的任何一个”〃neither 表示“两者之间一个也不是”〃与单数连用。如:Both of the them come from London。他们两人都是伦敦人。 You may take either with you。两个中间你随便带哪个都行。 Neither is correct。两个都不对。

Few,a few和little,a little的用法:

Few〃a few用来代替和修饰可数名词〃little〃a little用来代替和修饰不可数名词;a few和a little 着重肯定意思〃相当于汉语“有几个”〃“有一点儿”;few和little 着重否定意思〃相当于汉语“没有几个”〃“没有多少”

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