动词的各种形式的构成规则

动词的各种形式的构成规则及应用

在英语中表示动作的动词常见的有五种形式：原形，第三人称单数，ing形式，过去式，过去分词。在我们掌握动词的各种形式构成后，今后在英语句中我们只需分清要使用的动词在句中是做谓语还是做非谓语。然后分别用固定的动词形式或结构来表示就可以了。如果动词做谓语：我们要表示经常，常常做某事我们就只需用动词的原形或第三人称单数就可以了。如果要表示过云做了，则只需用动词的过云式就可以。如果表示动作的词在句中不做谓语，我们则认为此动词为非谓语动词。而非谓语动词则常见有的只有不定式和ing 形式两种。

1. 第三人称单数的构成方法

(1) 一般情况下由动词后加-s构成：work — works，read - reads等。

(2) 以s, x, z, sh, ch 以及字母o结构的动词，后加-es：guess - guesses, mix - mixes, go - goes, finish - finishes, catch-catches等。

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i 再加-es：fly- flies, study

-studies等。

4.有个别的变化不规则，如have / has, be / is等。

②词尾-s和-es 读音规则是：在s, x, z, sh, ch 后的es读作[iz]，其余的读作[z]。

二．动词的ing形式/现在分词的构成规则：

1.一般在动词后的加ing play-playing study-studying

2.以不发音的e结尾的去e后再加ing. Come-coming live-living

3.以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加ing. Shop-shopping put-putting

4.以ie结尾的变ie为y,再加ing. Lie-lying die-dying

三. 过去式和过去分词的构成方法

分规则变化和不规则变化两种。不规则变化需逐个记忆，

两种动词的形式变化规则的基本一致。规则变化如下：

(1) 一般情况下，在动词后加ed构成：work- worked, stay - stayed, shout - shouted等。

(2) 在以不发音的e结尾动词后只加d：close - closed, like- liked, live-lived, smile / smiled等。

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i 再加-ed：study / studied, carry / carried等。

4.以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加

-ed：stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等。

英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和

完成进行时

下面就英语中常见的十种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这十种时态的基础上结合而成的。

时态-一、一般现在时

1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month…),once a week, on Sundays,

3.基本结构：动词原形/第三人称单数形式（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）

4.否定形式：am/is/are+not; 谓语动词若为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

6.例句：She is shy

I usually come here at 8.

She goes there by bus

时态-二、一般过去时

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month…),in1989,just now,attheageof5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.

3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词的过去式

4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词did提问，同时还原行为动词。

6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

时态-三、现在进行时

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语：now,at this time,days,.look.listen

3.基本结构：be+doing

4.否定形式：be+not+doing.

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句：How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.

时态-四、过去进行时

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构s+was/were+doing

4.否定形式：s+was/were+not+doing.

5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）

6.例句：At that time she was working in a factory.

When he came in,I was reading a newspaper.

时态-五、现在完成时

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently,lately,in the past few years,etc.

3.基本结构：have/has+done

4.否定形式：have/has+not+done.

5.一般疑问句：have或has。

6.例句：I've written an article.

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.

时态-六、一般将来时

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow,next day(week,m onth,year…),soon,in a few minutes,by…,the day after tomorrow,etc.

3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to+do；will/shall+do.

4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do；will/shall not do。

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。

6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

时态-十六种时态

所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时说呈现的状态，有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种。由时和态结合，便形成下列十六种时态：

一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时；

现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时；

现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；

现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时．

非谓语动词：（不定式：to play / ing形式/playing./过去分词done.

一．在句中做主语：

Watching TV is fun. To watch Tv is fun.

用不定式做主语，习惯上用it代替不定式做主语，而将真正的主语放在句未。

To watch Tv is fun=It is fun to watch TV.

(非谓语动词做主语时，看作第三人称单数)

Having many friends is good.

二．用在谓语动词后的非谓语动词。

He came to see me.

1.绝大多数谓语动词后的非谓语动词用不定式。

He helps to do homework.

He allowed to go.

2.少量谓语动词后接非谓语动词必须用动名词。（ing 形式）

Finish, mind, practice enjoy. Can’t help(情不自禁)

I finish doing homework./I often practice playing basketball.

3，有些动词后既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词。意义完全一样。（like,start,begin.

I start to do homework=I start doing homework.

4.有些动词后既可以接不定式，也可接动名词，但意义不一样。（stop, remember, forget）Stop to do。停下来去做某事

Stop doing 停止做某事。

The teacher is coming, please stop talking.

Remember to do sth, 记住要做某事。

Remember doing ,记住做过某事。

Forget to do sth: 忘记要做某事。

Forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事。

三注意非谓语动词在句中做宾补。

He helps me do homework.

I see her come here.

宾补的非谓语动词(由谓语动词决定)

1．绝大多数非谓语动词做宾补用动词不定式。

I asked her to do homework. He allowed me to leave.

2．少数的谓语动词后宾补动词用省to的不定式。

（一感：feel二听listen to.听（动作）Hear 听见：（结果）三使（let, make,have），四看(see, look at,watch, observe)

I let her know/I see her walk.

3.动名词做宾补。(ing形式做宾补表示正在)

There are three children playing.

I hear him singing. 我听见他正在唱歌。

（用不定式做宾补，表示做了。用ing形式做宾补表示正在做）

四，非谓语动词做定语

Something to drink . swimming pool.

(非谓语动词中不定式做定语，一般放在修饰词的后面，而动名词做修饰语放在被修饰的前面。)

动词ing和三单形式的变化规则

1.一般情况下直接加ing play玩—playing listen听---listening read stories（读故事书）-- reading stories climb mountains（爬山）-- climbing mountains 2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e，再加ing make制做—making dance跳舞---dancing come来---coming 3.辅音+元音+辅音结尾的单词，双写词尾字母再加ing *（元音字母a、e、i、o、u）swim游泳—swimming run跑步—running stop停止—stopping shop购物—shopping 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，如：I play football. He plays football. I live in Shanghai. Sarah lives in Shanghai. 主语第三人称单数形式：he / she / it / my father… /Amy / Zhang Peng… 1.一般情况在词尾加s: like—likes dance---dances live居住—lives 2.以o、s、x 、sh、ch结尾的单词加es. do—does go-- goes teach教--- teaches watch看--watches wash clothes洗衣服--- washes clothes 3.以元音（aeiou）+y结尾的单词，加s: play-- plays say说-- says 4.以辅音+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es ：fly kites放风筝-- flies kites study学习-- studies 5.特殊记：have有—has I have a book. She has a book. 1.一般情况下直接加ing play玩—playing listen听---listening read stories（读故事书）-- reading stories climb mountains（爬山）-- climbing mountains 2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e，再加ing make制做—making dance跳舞---dancing come来---coming 3.辅音+元音+辅音结尾的单词，双写词尾字母再加ing *（元音字母a、e、i、o、u）swim游泳—swimming run跑步—running stop停止—stopping shop购物—shopping 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，如：I play football. He plays football. I live in Shanghai. Sarah lives in Shanghai. 主语第三人称单数形式：he / she / it / my father… /Amy / Zhang Peng… 1.一般情况在词尾加s: like—likes dance---dances live居住—lives 2.以o、s、x 、sh、ch结尾的单词加es. do—does go-- goes teach教--- teaches watch看--watches wash clothes洗衣服--- washes clothes 3.以元音（aeiou）+y结尾的单词，加s: play-- plays say说-- says 4.以辅音+y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es ：fly kites放风筝-- flies kites study学习-- studies 5.特殊记：have有—has I have a book. She has a book. 一般现在时态变陈述句变一般疑问句（主语是第三人称单数）规则Does +he /she/it /一个人的名字、身份+动词原形+…….？

英语常用不规则动词表完整版

英语常用不规则动词表完整版 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

动词第三人称单数变化规则

动词第三人称单数变化规则 1) 一般情况下，动词后面直接加-s. 例如：works gets says reads 2) 以ch,sh,s,x 或o 结尾的动词,在后面加-es。例如： go-goes teach-,teache wash-washes brush-brushes ,catch-catches ,do-does ,fix -fixes 3) 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把y变为i 再加-es. 例如： study- studies try-tries carry-carries ,fly-flies cry-cries 现在分词变化规则 1.直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2.去e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting) 3重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ing(例：sit+t+ing sitting) 4.特殊变化：die-dying,lie-lying，tie-tying 5.不规则变化现在进行时的基本用法： A 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。例：We are waiting for you. B. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例：Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) 例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动 I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了） D.有些动词（状态动词不用于进行时态） 1.表示知道或了解的动词:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand 2.表示―看起来‖―看上去"appear,resemble,seem 3表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.lover.prefer 4表示构成或来源的动词be come from.contain,include 5表示感官的动词hear see smell sound taste 6表示拥有的动词belong to.need.own .possess.want wish

高考英语常用不规则动词变化表

注：“~”表示在动词原形后直接加ing

英语寓言故事:The Farmer and the Stork农夫和鹳 A farmer placed nets on his newly-sown plowlands and caught a number of Cranes, which came to pick up his seed. With them he trapped a Stork that had fractured his leg in the net and was earnestly beseeching the Farmer to spare his life. "Pray save me, Master," he said, "and let me go free this once. My broken limb should excite your pity. Besides, I am no Crane, I am a Stork, a bird of excellent character; and see how I love and slave for my father and mother. Look too, at my feathers-- they are not the least like those of a Crane." The Farmer laughed aloud and said, "It may be all as you say, I only know this: I have taken you with these robbers, the Cranes, and you must die in their company." Birds of a feather flock together. 农夫在刚刚播种的田里布下许多网，许多来吃种子的鹤都被捉住了，并捉到一只鹳，鹳的腿被网折断了，它哀求农夫说：“饶了我吧，可怜可怜我吧。我又不是鹤，而是一只鹳，我是性情优美的鸟。你瞧，我多么孝顺父母，为他们辛勤劳作，再仔细看看我的羽毛，与鹤也完全不同。”农夫大笑说：“你说的话也许不错；但我只知道，你和这些偷吃种子的鹤一起被捉到，那末你就得和他们一起死。” 这是说物以类聚，人以群分。

(完整版)小学英语一般现在时三单动词的变化规则及练习题(最新整理)

一般现在时三单动词的变化规则及练习题 1．一般情况下，直接加-s 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _____ ____ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch___ ___ sing_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_______ __ teach_______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy __ _____(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. What _______they often _______(do) on Sundays? 6. _______ your mother _______(read) newspapers every day? 7. Mike _______(like) cooking. 8. I _______(be) ill. I’m in bed. 9. L iu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 10. The child often _______(watch) TV i n the evening. 三、按照要求改写句子 1. He watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________

动词ing形式的用法及变化规则

动词ing形式的用法及变化规则一．动词ing形式的用法 1.正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing. 如:I'm playing football. 2.一些特殊表达..如: be good at doing sth enjoy doing sth. be busy doing feel like doing thank you for doing do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating 二．动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1）一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying say---saying 2）以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking leave---leaving have---having 3）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。初中学过的这类词有：begin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。 (visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ，如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。4）以 y 结尾的动词直接加 ing carry—— carrying enjoy—— enjoying 5）以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing

动词的三单形式变化规则

哪些主语是第三人称单数? 现归纳总结如下：一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如： He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 He has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如： ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 ③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 ④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。四、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。动词的三单形式变化规则： 1．一般情况下，直接加-s 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es 4. have要变has 一般现在时用法专练: 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

高中英语常用不规则动词表-全.doc

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