大学电大专科《现代教育思想》2028期末试题及答案(试卷号:2080)

大学电大专科《现代教育思想》2028期末试题及答案(试卷号:2080)
大学电大专科《现代教育思想》2028期末试题及答案(试卷号:2080)

国家开放大学电大专科《现代教育思想》2028期末试题及答

案(试卷号:2080)

国家开放大学电大专科《现代教育思想》2028期末试题及答案一、填空题1.人文教育思想认为,全部教育活动和教育过程都应富有人道精神,就是要把人当人来关心和对待,就是要有人情味儿、有同情心。

2.从个体发展的角度看,终身教育的目的在于帮助个人不断适应社会生活的变迁和完成其社会化的过程,使每一个社会成员成为一个完善的人。而从社会发展的角度看,终身教育的目的在于完成社会的改造与发展,使社会在全体成员不断学习的基础上更加快速、有效、和谐和圆满地得到发展。 3.教育,尤其是全民教育,在解决“教育人类困境”诸问题的过程中,发挥着不可或缺的作用。

4.素质教育的课程体系应该以提高学生素质为核心而不是以学科为中心。

二、简答题5.试列举三条应试倾向的极端化带给学生的危害。

答:其一,使教学活动专注于书本知识而脱离生活实际,由此使学习活动枯燥乏味,使青少年生活失去活泼、亮丽的色彩;

其二,片面重视所谓的“智育”,忽视人的全面发展,使学生在道德品质、身心素质、审美情趣等方面得不到健康成长;其三,对学生强调整齐划一,忽视个性及积极主动性的培育,扼杀学生的想像力与创造性的发展。

6.简述现代人文教育的根本目标。

答:现代人文教育的根本目标:让学生学做进步的现代人。其一,一般意义的人文教育,其主要目标是要提高人们的人文素养,使人活得更自觉、更高尚、更高雅;

其二,现代人文教育的根本目标是让学生学做进步的现代人。

7.简述创新性学习的基本特征。

答:《学无止境》提出创新学习的两个基本特征是:预期性和参与性(4分)。前者体现为目的性强、能自我调控和具有独创性等;

后者体现为适宜群体生活行为、具有人际交往特点和维护公众利益等。

8.概括科学教育思想的基本观点。

答:科学教育目标的重点是通过提高学生的科学素养,促进学生的全面发展;

科学教育课程应该体现现实性、综合性与时代性;

科学教育过程应该重视科学方法,充满科学精神;

科学教育要与人文教育相结合。

三、案例分析题9.有人总结了自己身边多名中小学校的“尖子生”,发现他们在学习上面表现出明显的过人之处,而同时在他们的学习行为中,存在一些容易被人忽略的细节,从中是否可以看到实践意识和能力方面的培养机会呢?“尖子生”的十个细节作为一个学习成绩突出的“尖子生”,一般都具有端正的学习态度和优秀的学习品质。如:认真预习、听课、复习,坚韧不拔、百折不挠等。如何向“尖子生”看齐,使学生的成绩更加优秀?有人总结了学习成绩优秀的“尖子生”学习行为上的十大细节,包括:随身携带学习卡片,随手笔记,学习时爱做标记符号,乐意进行错题集的整理和浏览,复习时先“回忆”,能够帮助他人学习,学习活动有目标,喜欢自己整理书包,复习练习的时候像考试一样紧张,有学习内容上面的“全局观念”。人们发现,这些学习习惯的养成和一个人的动手能力有很大关系,应该也是可以通过老师有意识的引导和培养来改变的学习行为习惯。

答:一般认为,实践意识和能力的培养,是改变我们“教育与生活实际相脱离”弊端的保证。而从应试能力的培养方面,人们往往忽视动手能力的培养,其实这也是重要的素质教育的内容。

通过观察发现的教育规律,可以启发我们思考更多的深层次问题。比如,实践教育首先体现在对于学生学习习惯的养成方面,目前就还有大量的工作值得我们用心细致探索。案

例材料中提到的“尖子生”学习品质上的这些细节,也不是自发出现和人人都可以随便做到的。如何有意识地培养这些好的学习习惯,存在一个艰苦的训练和严格的督导的过程,这就是实践教育中的一个操作性课题,不同的人可以有不同的做法,而最终的成效,也是不会完全相同的。现代教育思想应当更加重视对于实践教育理论的研究,结合不同条件下学生和老师之间在学习活动中的交互作用,真正培养起学生热爱学习、主动学习、善于学习和享受学习的一种积极的学习状态,这应当是培养劳动者全部素质的基本功夫,是实践教育最为基本的任务。从各种实际教育工作状况来看,只有充分运用实践教育的思想,培养好更多学生的更加有效的学习行为习惯,积小胜为大胜,才可能最终实现我们践行素质教育的理想目标。10.试运用现代教育思想的观点,谈一谈你对下述案例材料的看法。

据2月12日《××早报》报道,某镇中心小学幼儿园按交钱的多少,将入学的娃娃分成了“AB”两个不同的班级,分别在有无空调、有无钢琴的教室进行教学。据报道,该幼儿园A 班的学费、生活费、糖果费一共181元/月,B班则不到160元/月。园方称,这种分法,主要是考虑到一些幼儿家长经济条件不太好。“经济条件不太好”就让同一个幼儿园的小朋友,在不同“档次”的班级里接受教育。该幼儿园园长承认,A班教室有空调,还有钢琴,而B班则没有。除了这些,AB

两班的老师、伙食都是一样的,不会影响孩子的学习和健康。答:素质教育要从娃娃抓起,这些年全面实施素质教育,我们大多具有了这样的教育观念。但如何在现实生活中落实好素质教育思想的要求,这方面的问题还真有不少。本案例材料中反映的情况,绝不是个别的奇怪的现象,它带有相当普遍的意义,值得我们认真对待和反思。

在教育条件还不是十分充分的现实情况下,适当地将教育资源在一定地区范围内进行科学合理的组合和配置,这应当是地方教育主管部门需要做好的事情。一定程度的教育条件的差异,可以尽可能地限制在人们可以普遍认可的“公平”的范围之内,这一点,应该是全面推进素质教育的一个社会意识前提。但是就一个具体的教育工作部门或单位而言,全面贯彻素质教育思想的要求,就必须做到面向全体学生,并要为学生的全面发展负责。如果按学生家长的经济条件来区分教育对象,必然影响到面向学生全体的教育价值诉求,人为地限制学生的发展。在这个案例中,虽然暴露出来总体教育经费不足给教育机构带来的无奈,但将按不同收费标准的差异粗暴地等同于学生天资的差异,并且由此来决定学生从小接受教育的好与坏,这不仅不符合素质教育的要求,也会大大影响到人文教育的效果,妨碍到正确的教育思想的落实。如果不纠正这种“因钱施教”的倾向,我们也不可能实践好真正的“因材施教”这种民族优秀传统的教育思想。这方面,我

们的经验和教训确已不少。四、论述题11.题目:你认为科学教育应如何与人文教育相结合?答:现代教育思想既重视科学教育,又重视人文教育,主张将二者统一起来,在实践中相互结合。在日常教育工作中,作为一般教育工作者,我们应当重视根据自己的工作对象的特点,结合工作环境条件的实际,将科学教育落实在教育生活的各个层面,同时将人文教育的意义融会于学生的心灵,在真实的教育生活的情境中,将科学教育和人文教育紧密结合起来。在认识层面上,要通过我们对于科学事实的把握,教会学生用正确的态度对待科学活动和科技成果的人文价值,将科学研究视为具有强烈社会意识和人生意义的复杂的社会活动,反对为科学而科学的简单化思维方式,同时要教育学生学会用科学的态度对待社会和人生的重大问题,将科学精神落实到日常生活之中,在人生态度上,坚持求真、求善与求美的统一,充分挖掘科学教育内容的人文价值,将科学教育建立在服务社会、促进人类进步和增进生活幸福的坚实基础之上。

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