高中英语阅读理解专题(有答案) 百度文库
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Hipster Greenport: 4 places to eat, shop and visit
Greenport may date back to the 1630s, but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here are four places that embody the old-meets-new energy of the village:
Claudio's
If you've been to Greenport, you can't miss Claudio's —it's where generations of Long Islanders have made a tradition of eating, whether inside the main restaurant or at the floating dock-bar. The new owners have added fresh elements: Baccano Pizza by Nino, which offers a variety of slices and pies until as late as 2 a.m. on Fridays and Saturdays — is right by the dock entrance.
Little Creek Oyster Farm & Market
It's little spots like this that tell the current Greenport story. There's no sign or advertising for this tiny house changed from the cabin of an old ship that's practically hidden down Bootlegger's Alley near Mitchell Park. But there they are — streams of people who come to enjoy the fresh oysters while drinking local craft beer, with a waterside view.
The Times Vintage
Nostalgia (怀旧) for bygone times runs high in this 1909 building, which once served as the base for the Suffolk Times newspaper. These days, this well-designed shop sells vinyl records (黑胶唱片) and loads of old-fashioned clothing and home decoration items including mid-century highball sets.
Greenport Fire
Heat comes in many forms and several are sold here — hot sauces, cigars and candles. Consult the chalkboard for the current sauce offerings or browse cigars such as a hand-rolled Honduran Leaf by Oscar or the Gurkha Cellar Reserve made with 18-year-aged tobacco.
（1）What's special about Greenport?
A. It is a place full of energy.
B. It is a famous port in the world.
C. It is a combination of new and old.
D. It is a popular place of interest.
（2）What can you do in The Times Vintage?
A. You can enjoy delicious oysters.
B. You can buy some old things.
C. You can find hand-rolled cigars.
D. You can have Baccano Pizza.
（3）If you are a smoker, you may be interested in _________.
A. Claudio's
B. Little Creek Oyster
C. Greenport Fire
D. The Times Vintage 【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了绿港（Greenport）这个村庄里能体现新旧融合的四个地方。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here
are four places that embody the old-meets-new energy of the village…”但现在感觉很时髦。这里有四个地方体现了这个村庄新旧活力的融合。可知，绿港融合了新旧事物。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“These days, this well-designed shop sells vinyl records (黑胶唱片) and loads of old-fashioned clothing and home decoration items including mid-century highball sets. ”如今，这家精心设计的商店出售黑胶唱片、大量的老式服装和家居装饰用品，包括20世纪中期的highball电视机。可知，在The Times Vintage能买到一些老式的东西。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“...and several are sold here —hot sauces, cigars and candles. ”其中有几种在这里出售——辣酱、雪茄和蜡烛。可知，喜欢抽烟的人应该对Greenport Fire感兴趣。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
More than great drinks, great rewards
Enjoy all the benefits and more with your membership to our Loyalty Program!
Whenever you pay with your membership account, you'll earn a Star.
Collect more Stars, earn more rewards.
Three ways to join us
Buy a Starbucks Card handy to create an account
Track your Stars online or through the mobile app, and we'll send an email when you've earned a reward.
You can also join from your phone.
Download the Starbucks App.
One of the most exciting benefits of being a member is using our mobile app to: pay for purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes Pick of the Week; see current offers.
Or you can join with specially marked coffee purchased at the grocery store.
Enter your Starcode (limit: 2 per day)
Look for the Starcode symbol on specially marked Starbucks products where you buy groceries. Three levels with increasingly greater rewards
To reach each level in our Loyalty Program, you need to collect more Stars. (Remember: to earn a Star, you must pay with a registered Starbucks Card.)
Welcome level
To earn your first rewards, just register a Starbucks Card.
Birthday drink or treat on us, birthday coupon (优惠券) for 15% off a purchase at https://www.360docs.net/doc/1e9046924.html,.
Green level
Collect 5 Stars within 12 months and you'll be in the Green level.
What is included in the Welcome level plus
Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed coffee or tea
Gold level
Collect 30 Stars within 12 months and you'll be at the Gold level.
What is included in the Green level plus
A free food or drink item after another 12 Stars earned
Personalized Gold Card
（1）Which of the following is a way you can apply for membership?
A. To update the Starbucks App.
B. To collect 5 stars within 12 month.
C. To send an email to https://www.360docs.net/doc/1e9046924.html,.
D. To enter a Starcode from specially marked Starbucks products.
（2）With a Starbucks Card of Green level, you will get ________.
A. a free drink item
B. free in-store refills
C. personalized Gold Card
D. all purchases 15% off
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.To earn a Star, you must pay by credit card.
B.You can enter your Starcode three times a day.
C.With the Starbucks App, you can view current offers.
D.For Welcome level, you can refill iced brewed coffee or tea.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是星巴克做的一个广告宣传。主要介绍了银星级会员、绿色会员和金星级会员等供人们选择，并鼓励人们成为会员。
（1）考查细节理解。文章第二个黑色小标题“Three ways to join us”三种方式加入我们，下列出了可以申请星巴克会员的三种方式，分别是：买张会员卡开个账户；通过手机上的APP申请加入；在便利店买带有星巴克标志的产品，找到星巴克密码标志。所以通过输入在便利店买的带有星巴克标志的产品上的星巴克密码是一种成为星巴克会员的方式。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Green level部分中的“Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed cof fee or tea”可以在店内免费续杯热的、冰的煮好的咖啡或茶，可知，成为星巴克绿色会员，就可以免费续杯。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据“One of the most exciting benefits of being a member is using our mobile app to: pay for purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes Pick of the Week; see current offers.”可知，通过手机APP申请会员有以下几大好处：手机支付、查看你的星级与奖励、可以听iTunes本周最佳选择、查看订单进度。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
"If they hated me they didn't talk to me about it," says a young German manager at a media firm in Frankfurt. Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him
thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word "boss".
Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious (老成的) youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.
The country's population is projected to shrink. As more Germans retire, fewer youngsters are entering the work-place to replace them. As a share of the working population the number of 15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result. A paper by professors at the university of Cambridge and WHU, a German business school, to be published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, suggests this could be a problem.
As in many countries, German work-places are legally obliged to overlook age when deciding whom to promote. Yet according to Jochen Menges, one of the authors, when an ordinary worker leap-frogs a more experienced one it can leave the latter with feelings of "anger, fear and disgust." People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger. The relationship between feelings of anxiety and the age of the boss is clear, according to Mr Menges. A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging.
German firms certainly shouldn't return to a system in which age equals to rank. But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.
（1）For what does the author mention a young German manager and his experience in Paragraph 1?
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To present an argument.
C. To attract readers' interest.
D. To describe his own idea.
（2）Why are some precocious youngsters bossing their elders around in Germany?
A. Precocious youngsters are all skilled workers.
B. Such situations are becoming more common.
C. Fewer youngsters would like to do hard work.
D. Companies compete fiercely to hire young talent.
（3）In which of the following situations might an employee regard himself as a failure according to the passage?
A. When he has to decide whom to promote.
B. When he leap-frogs a more experienced worker.
C. When he is being bossed about by someone younger.
D. When he experiences feelings of anger, fear and disgust.
（4）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. A younger boss is more likely to be nervous and anxious.
B. An employee with a younger boss tends to suffer from anxiety.
C. There is a connection between anxiety and the age of promotion.
D. The age of the boss and anxiety are closely related.
（5）What can we learn from the passage?
A. Qualified workers should be promoted to boss.
B. Older workers should support younger managers.
C. Older workers are no better than younger colleagues.
D. You are never too old to learn, or too young to manage.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于德国年轻人数量下降，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔年轻人来做管理人员，拥有一位年轻的老板对员工无形中也产生了焦虑感。就此应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面，以及组建年龄混合的团队。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word ’boss‘.“不过，他说，值得注意的是，当一名比他大20岁的员工感谢他买了午餐时，他不得不吞下两口，然后才加上“老板”一词。提到的事例以及第二段中的”Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.“年长的员工有时会羡慕被年轻的同事管理。早熟的年轻人也会因为对长辈颐指气使而感到尴尬。但在德国，熟练工人的短缺意味着这种情况变得更加普遍。对第一段的现象进行解释说明，可知作者在第一段中提到了一个年轻的德国经理和他的经历是为了引入主题。故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result.“德国联邦职业介绍所表示，自上世纪80年代以来，15至24岁的年轻人数量下降了10%。因此，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔他们。可知在德国有些早熟的年轻人对长辈颐指气使，这是因为公司为雇佣年轻人才的激烈竞争，导致年轻人更早地被提拔为管理人员。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger.“人们倾向于根据同龄人的成功来判断自己的地位，并认为被年轻人左右是失败的。可知当员工被更年轻的人颐指气使的时候，他会认为自己是失败的。故选C。
（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的”A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging. “一个年轻一岁的经理有点让人不安；20年的差距更让人沮丧。可推知老板年龄越年轻，员工的焦虑感越明显，故可推知划线句子意思是：拥有年轻老板的员工往往会感到焦虑。故选B。
（5）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的”But young people tend to be sensitiv e about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning
new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.“但年轻人往往对向上管理很敏感。应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面。德国大型汽车公司戴姆勒表示，他们提倡年龄混合的团队，这样知识就可以在几代人之间传递。它还通过要求退休员工提供临时支持来支持年轻的管理者。结合文章主要内容围绕着德国管理者倾向年轻化的问题，主要是说明了人们应当活到老学到老，永远不会因为太年轻而无法管理。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
Book: No Looking Back
Author: Shivani Gupta
Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash. It took Shivani years of pain, struggle and determination to regain control of her life and her body. Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into her car. Shivani refused to give in-she wouldn't let her injury keep her from achieving her ambitions.
Book: Courage Beyond Compare
Author: Sanjay Sharma
The 10 sportspersons in the book are champions in diverse fields like athletics, swimming, and badminton, who have brought glory to the country. They overcame their physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields.
Book: Face to Face
Author: Ved Mehta
Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the Blind, to which he flew alone at 15. America and the school changed his life, leading him to degrees at Oxford and Harvard and a fruitful writing career.
Book: This Star Won's Go Out
Author: Lori and Wayne Earl
Diagnosed with cancer at 12, Esther Earl was a bright and talented, but very normal teenager. She lived a hope-filled and generous life. A cheerful, positive and encouraging daughter, sister and friend, Esther died in 2010, shortly after turning 16, but not before inspiring thousands through her growing online presence.
（1）The book No Looking Back mainly talks about________.
A. an unlucky girl who experienced two car accidents
B. 10 disabled athletes who are champions in sports field
C. a successful author who was blind during his childhood
D. an inspiring teenager who died of cancer
（2）When reading the book written by Sanjay Sharma, we will______.
A.find the author is a sports lover
B.get inspired by the sportspersons' spirits
C.be proud to be a sportsperson
D.find sportspersons are full of power
（3）In which book does the author tell of himself?
A.Face to Face
B.This Star Won't Go Out
C.Courage Beyond Compare
D.No Looking Back
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四本书及其作者和书的简介。
（1）考查段落大意。根据 Book: No Looking Back部分中的“Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash.”和第三句“Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into her car.”一天晚上Shivani举行一个聚会，等她醒来时发现自己由于车祸住进了医院。然后悲剧再次发生，当新婚的Shivani开车带家人去Manali时，一辆卡车和她的车相撞，可知，这本书主要讲述了经历两次车祸的不幸女孩Shivani的故事。故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据Book: Courage Beyond Compare部分中的“They overcame their physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields.”这些运动员克服身体局限达到他们自己所选择领域的顶峰，可知，我们会从这些运动员不屈不挠的精神中获得鼓舞。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据Book: Face to Face部分中的“Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the Blind,”作者自从四岁时失明，在印度他度过了孤独的童年，最终考取了Arkansas盲人学校，可知，在书中作者讲述自己的故事。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary
This handy translator provides you with 5,000,000 total translation to and from Spanish and English! This dictionary is specially designed for all levels of language ability from beginners to advanced learners.
Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator
This special model features the largest and most complete Russian-English dictionary. Advanced English speech, accent correction function and specialized terms database will help you better communicate. Business organizers will allow you to stay in touch with the world through
all kinds of advanced features.
Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary
It is the nearest word finder. It is also great for cross word puzzles. It will show you the time, day and date of local time zone and the same for over 100 cities throughout the world by simply entering the first letter of the name of the city.
The Lingo Traveler 18
It is an international translator containing over 96,000 words and 8,000 useful phrases. Equipped with a powerful databank, the Lingo Traveler 18 allows you to store all of your appointments, telephone numbers, and addresses.
（1）Which dictionary can help to improve your Spanish?
A. Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary
B. The Lingo Traveler 18
C. Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary
D. Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator
（2）Which of the following is the most complete Russian-English dictionary?
A. The Lingo Traveler 18
B. Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator
C. Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary
D. Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary
（3）What sets the Lingo Traveler 18 apart from other dictionaries?
A. It provides readers with 96,000 phrases and 8,000 words.
B. It shows the time, day and date of local time zone over 100 cities.
C. It offers advanced features for you to stay in touch with the world.
D. It can store your appointments, telephone numbers and addresses.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，推荐了一些电子词典，并介绍了每款电子词典的优点。
（1）考查推理判断。根据Norman Merriam Webster BES—1850 Dictionary部分中的“This handy translator provides you with 5,000,000 total translation to and from Span ish and English!”可知Norman Merriam Webster BES—185Dictionary提供了西班牙语和英语互译的五百万条翻译，故推测该词典可以帮助学好西班牙语。选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator部分中的“This special model features the largest and most complete Russian-English dictionary.”可知Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator是最大和最完整的俄英词典。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据前面三部分的内容和The Lingo Traveler 18部分中的“the Lingo Traveler 18 allows you to store all of your appointments, telephone numbers, and addresses.”可知，只有Lingo Traveler有存储预约，电话号码和地址的功能。这是它与其它三种电子词典的不同之处。D. It can store your appointments, telephone numbers and addresses.“它能够储存预约，电话号码和地址”符合以上说法，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
A science teacher from rural Kenya who gives away most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1 million, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries. Peter Tabichi, 36, a maths and physics teacher at Keriko secondary school in Pwani Village, has won the Varkey Foundation Global Teacher Prize 2019.
Tabichi gives away 80% of his income to help the poorest students at the poorly-equipped and overcrowded school who could not otherwise afford uniforms and books. More than 90% of his students are from poor families and almost a third are orphans or have only one parent. Drug abuse, teenage pregnancies, leaving off their studies, young marriages and suicide are common. Students have to walk 7 km along roads that can become impassable in the rainy season to reach the school and the area can be affected by drought and starvation.
Despite only having one computer, a poor Internet connection and a student-teacher ratio of 58:1, Tabichi started a "talent nurturing club" and expanded the school's science club, helping students design research projects of such quality that many now qualify for national competitions. His students have taken part in international science competitions and won an award from the Royal Society of Chemistry after using local plant life to generate electricity. Tabichi and four colleagues also give struggling students one-to-one tuition in maths and science, visiting students' homes and meeting their families to identify the challenges they face.
Accepting the prize, Tabichi said Africa's young people would no longer be held back by low expectations." Africa will produce scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs whose names will be one day famous in every corner of the world." he said.
（1）What made Peter Tabichi win the prize in 2019?
A. Giving away $ 1 million to education.
B. Teaching in secondary schools for 36 years.
C. Fighting drought and starvation in Africa.
D. Helping the poorer students in rural Kenya.（2）Why did Tabichi start the "talent nurturing club"?
A. To contribute most of his income.
B. To expand national competitions.
C. To guide students to design research projects.
D. To encourage students to grasp opportunities.
（3）Which of the following best describes Peter Tabichi as a teacher?
A. Independent.
B. Caring.
C. Humorous.
D. Interesting.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. African education cost is expected to get lower.
B. Africa is in desperate need of young scientists.
C. Tabichi is not pleased until he is known worldwide.
D. Tabichi has high expectations for young Africans.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，肯尼亚农村教师彼得·塔比奇由于资助贫困学生获得了世界最佳教师奖。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A science teacher from rural Kenya who gives away most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1 million, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries.”一名来自肯尼亚农村的科学教师获得了世界最佳教师奖，并获得了100万美元的奖金，他将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学生。可推知，助肯尼亚农村贫困学生让彼得·塔比奇赢得了2019年世界最佳教师奖。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Despite only having one computer, a poor Internet connection and a student-teacher ratio of 58:1, Tabichi started a ‘talent nurturing club’ and expanded the school's science club, helping students design research projects of such quality that many now qualify for national competitions.”尽管只有一台电脑，网络连接不畅，师生比例为58:1，但他还是创办了一个“人才培养俱乐部”，并扩大了学校的科学俱乐部，帮助学生设计出质量如此之高的研究项目，现在许多学生都有资格参加全国性的竞赛）可知，他创办“人才培养俱乐部”，是为了帮助学生设计一些研究项目。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A science teacher from rural Kenya who gives away most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the world's best teacher and $ 1 million, beating 10,000 nominations from 179 countries.”一名来自肯尼亚农村的科学教师获得了世界最佳教师奖，并获得了100万美元的奖金，他将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学生；及第二段中的“Tabichi gives away 80% of his income to help the poorest students at the poorly-equipped and overcrowded school who could not otherwise afford uniforms and books.”塔比奇把他80%的收入捐给了设备简陋、人满为患的学校，帮助那些买不起校服和书籍的最贫困学生。可知，塔比奇将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学校和学生。由此可知，塔比奇是一个非常有爱心的好老师。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Africa will produce scientists, engineers and entrepreneurs whose names will be one day famous in every corner of the world.” 他说“非洲将培养出科学家、工程师和企业家，他们的名字总有一天会在世界各地家喻户晓。可推知，塔比奇对非洲年轻人充满了很高的期望。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
It was just before 8 a.m. on October 17, 2010.She'd checked the higher summits forecast posted by the Mount Washington Observatory before she left. Based on her experience, Bales knew that her hike was realistic. Besides, she had two plans and extra layers of clothing to better regulate her temperature as conditions changed.
At 10:30 a.m., the weather was showing its teeth. Bales added even more layers, including a jacket to protect herself from the cold winds and heavy fog. She made her way across the snow—covered ridge toward Mount Washington and began to think about calling it a day. Then she
noticed something: a single set of footprints in the snow ahead of her. She'd been following faint tracks all day and hadn't given them much thought, because so many people climbed Jewell Trail. But these, she realized, had been made by a pair of sneakers. She silently scolded the absent hiker for breaking normal safety rules and walked on.
Now she felt genuinely alarmed. She was sure the hiker could not navigate(找到方向)in the low visibility and was heading straight toward the challenging trails of the Great Gulf Wilderness. Bales stood there, shocked. The temperature and clouds were in a race to find their lowest point, and darkness was mere hours away. If Bales continued to follow the tracks, she'd add risk and time to the route she'd already adjusted to manage both. But she could not let this go. She turned to the left and called out, "Hello!" into the frozen fog.
Bales wouldn't get an answer until a week later, when the president of her rescue group received a letter in the mail. It read: "I hope this reaches the right group of rescuers. I want to remain anonymous(匿名的), but I was called John. On Sunday, October 17, I went up my favorite trail, Jewell, to end my life. Weather was to be bad. Thought no one else would be there. I was dressed to go quickly. Next thing I knew this lady was talking to me, changing my clothes, giving me food, making me warmer."
（1）What does the underlined sentence mean?
A.The weather began to get worse.
B.Nobody controlled the weather.
C.Weather could never be predicted.
D.Weather was generally changeable.
（2）Why did Bales feel really frightened?
A.Because she lost her way completely.
B.Because the terrible weather was on the way.
C.Because she was blinded by the frozen fog.
D.Because she was convinced that someone was in trouble.
（3）What is the purpose of John's hiking?
A.To challenge his limit.
B.To go up his favorite trail.
C.To donate some money to rescue group.
D.To kill himself without being discovered.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，贝尔斯在天气恶劣时去登山，无意发现一串往危险区域行进的脚印，她知道有人陷入了困境。尽管很害怕，尽管天气情况很糟糕，她还是跟着脚印继续前进，最终救了那个人。一周后才知道那人名叫约翰，当时准备自杀。
（1）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“Bales added even more layers, including a ja cket to protect herself from the cold winds and heavy fog.可知贝尔斯增加更多的衣服来保护自己免受寒风和浓雾的侵袭，由此推断划线部分的意思是“天气正在变得更糟”。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Now she felt genuinely alarmed. She was sure the
hiker could not navigate(找到方向)in the low visibility and was heading straight toward the challenging trails of the Great Gulf Wilderness.“可知贝尔斯看到脚印后非常害怕，因为她知道有人无法导航，这个人正在向海湾区域前进，那是最具挑战性的线路，即贝尔斯确信有人遇上麻烦了，所以她感到害怕。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”On Sunday, October 17, I went up my favorite trail, Jewell, to end my life. Weather was to be bad. Thought no one else would be there. I was dressed to go quickly.”可知，约翰这天选择这条线路去登山的目的是在没人看见的情况下结束自己的生命，所以他穿的很少，以便快速行走。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和句义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers who reviewed data from 12 clinical trials involving about 54,000 people. In a series of controversial papers, the researchers argue that the increased health risks tied to red meat are small and uncertain, and that cutting back likely wouldn't be worth it for people who enjoy meat.
Those conclusions go against established medical advice. They were swiftly attacked by a group of famous U.S. scientists who took the unusual step of trying to stop the papers from being published until their criticisms were addressed.
The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak, and that there's not much certainty meat is really the cause, since other diet and lifestyle factors could be at play.
If the latest example of how divisive nutrition research has become, with its uncertainties leaving the door open for conflicting advice. Critics say findings often aren't backed by strong evidence. Defenders counter that nutrition studies can rarely be conclusive because of the difficulty of measuring the effects of any single food, but that methods have improved.
Based on their analyses, the researchers said people do not have to cut back for health reasons. But they noted that their own advice is weak, and acknowledged that they didn't consider factors such as animal welfare and the environment. Indeed, the case that meat production is bad for animal welfare and the environment is stronger than the case that it's bad for human health, according to an editorial that accompanies the report.
Not all of the report authors agreed with its conclusions. Three of the 14 researchers said they support reducing red and processed meats. A coauthor of one of the reviews is also among those who called for a publication delay.
Those who pushed to postpone publication also questioned why certain studies were included in the reviews while others were left out.
As for his own diet, Dr. Gordon Guyatt, a member of the international research team that conducted the reviews, said he no longer thinks red or processed meats have significant health
risks. But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.
（1）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A.To introduce a new relationship between health and eating red meat.
B.To urge more people to keep away from eating red meat regularly.
C.To present a new controversial view on impacts of eating red meat.
D.To criticize nutrition studies for lacking of conclusive evidence.
（2）What is the author's attitude towards the new research?
A.Doubtful.
B.Positive.
C.Disapproving.
D.Objective.
（3）Guyatt's avoiding red meats has the weakest connection with_______.
A.health risks
B.diet habits
C.animal welfare
D.environmental protection
（4）What can we learn from the recent research?
A.Red meats don't have significant health risks.
B.Reducing meat consumption will be worth it.
C.The report authors have reached a consensus.
D.Consuming red meat will do good to health.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers...”可知，吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关，但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢？根据研究人员研究发现，答案是不一定，引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点，故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据“according to researchers who reviewed data”，“ the researchers argue that”，“ Those conclusions go against established medical advice”，“ The team's reviews of past studies”“ the latest example”，“ Based on their analyses”等等，可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章，可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的，故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.”但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯，也是为了保护动
物福利和环境，没有说是健康风险问题，可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱，故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team's reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak...”这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏肉是健康的，也没有说人们应该多吃。以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良健康的联系，但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的，可以推断红肉没有明显的健康风险，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
A famous Anglican Church stands in a quiet corner of Dunedin in New Zealand's South Island. Built in 1865, it is the city's oldest church still in use. Countless couples have gathered here to marry. It's where morning tears are shared, friendships formed and comfort given during times of loss.
As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windows. Known as the "John Allen window", one window portrays the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.
John was the son of Sir James Allen, who as Minister of Defense, helped plan and administer New Zealand's World War I strategy, which saw 100,000 troops sent to fight. With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.
Divided into two parts, one depicts (描绘) St. George, the patron saint (守护神) of soldiers, while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the bottom, "John Hugh All Gallipoli, 6th June, 1915". Two trees with local birds on the branches can be seen and a kiwi walks at the bottom- reminders that John was a lover of birds.
"There are many war memorials in the church," says the church. "However the 'John Allen window' stands out; it touches people because of the beautiful design, the New Zealand birds and because John's story, of a life so full of promise ending tragically in the war, reflects the lives and stories of so many others involved in World War I."
（1）What does the word "portrays" in paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. Starts.
B. Changes.
C. Treasures.
D. Represents.（2）Sir James Allen built the "John Allen window" to ______________.
A.celebrate the end of World War I
B.honor the troops in the Gallipoli campaign
C.remember his son's sacrifice to the country
D.show the family's close ties with the church
（3）What might be the main theme of the pictures on the window?
A.Freedom and equality.
B.Peace and war.
C.Human and nature.
D.Marriage and family.
（4）What might be the best title for the text?
A.A Brave Soldier
B.Window on a Life
C.Cruelty of the War
D.A Grand Church
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一所教堂中一个被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"的窗户，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命。这是约翰的父亲为了纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲而绘制的，主题体现了战争与和平。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.可知被称为“John Allen window”的一扇窗户描绘了当地男子John Allen短暂的一生，他于1915年在土耳其的加里波利战役中牺牲。可知portrays意思为“描绘”，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.”随着战争的结束和他儿子的去世，Sir James选择在教堂里安装了一扇窗户，艾伦家族与这扇窗户有着密切的联系。可知Sir James Allen建造了“John Allen window”，以纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Divided into two parts, one depicts St. George, the patron saint of soldiers，while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the bottom,“ John Hugh All Gallipoli,6th June,1915”.”绘画分为两部分，一部分描绘了士兵的守护神圣乔治，另一部分描绘了和平天使，最下面写着“John Hug h All Gallipoli，1915年6月6日”。可推知窗里的画的主题应当为战争与和平。故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段“As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windows. Known as the “John Allen window”, one window portrays the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.”与许多教堂一样，它的墙壁上装饰着一系列美丽的彩色玻璃窗。一个窗子被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命，他于1915年在土耳其的加利波利战役中去世。）以及文章主要内容为描述这个玻璃窗画背后的故事，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
Have you ever imagined what it would be like to see the world through an animal's eyes? For example, what a chimpanzee sees as it sits at the top of a tree, or a penguin's view as it dives into the sea to catch its dinner?
These questions are answered in the nature documentary Animals with Cameras, produced by the BBC. The three-part series was first aired in the UK last month. To explore animal stories "told" by the animals themselves, the documentary's filmmakers worked with scientists to develop cameras that wild animals could wear.
"Never before have we seen such high-quality footage (连续镜头)directly from the animal's point of view, " BBC Nature executive producer Fred Kaufman told PBS." This miniseries greatly expands our comprehension of animal behavior and this camera technology opens up new possibilities for discovering so much more."
Indeed, the groundbreaking technology provides a new viewpoint of the animal kingdom. New cameras with enough battery life to shoot for hours at a time were designed to be comfortable enough for animals to wear, according to the documentary's camera designer Chris Watts.
The technical challenges didn't stop there. Some animals were very curious about the equipment, with some even fighting each other for the chance to wear a camera. In the case of chimpanzees, "we had to create dummy (仿造的)cameras, so that every chimpanzee could get one", the miniseries' wildlife cameraman Gordon Buchanan told Live Science.
For animals that were comfortable enough to be with human beings, the cameras could be fitted and removed by hand. But for others, the cameras came off automatically using a timed release and were collected afterward. This meant that the cameras needed to be as tough as possible.
To avoid disturbing the animals, scientists who were good at dealing with wildlife came to help by putting the cameras on the animals." The last thing we want to do is cause them distress." the documentary's producer Dan Rees told the BBC. "To follow an animal in the first place, there had to be a clear benefit in terms of knowledge about it that might be useful to protecting a species in the future.
Their efforts certainly paid off. " Footage that captures (捕捉)these rare and exciting glimpses of animals bidden habits is important to scientists, but documentaries like Animals with Cameras also resonate with (引起共鸣)audiences, connecting them with the beauty - and danger - of wildlife in their natural environments," Live Science noted.
（1）According to the text, Animals with Cameras .
A.is a documentary made by wildlife experts
B.presents high-quality footage of animals for the first time
C.shows wildlife from the unique viewpoint of animals
D.mainly records the life of chimpanzees and penguins
（2）The case of chimpanzees is used to .
A.reflect the weakness of the camera technology
B.present how filmmakers put cameras on chimpanzees
C.explain why chimpanzees were attracted by the equipment
D.show how filmmakers dealt with the challenges in shooting
（3）To avoid disturbing the animals, filmmakers .
A.set up a protected area for them to live in
B.invited scientists to help equip them with cameras
C.made the cameras look like animals in disguise
D.fitted and removed the cameras by hand
（4）The author's attitude toward the documentary can be described as .
A.changing
B.supportive
C.cautious
D.pessimistic
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员使用最新的相机技术，让人们从动物的视角看世界。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"To explore animal stories ‘told’ by the animals themselves, the documentary's filmmakers worked with scientists to develop cameras that wild animals could wear."可知研究人员让动物带上相机来拍摄野生动物的世界。故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"The technical challenges didn't stop there. Some animals were very curious about the equipment, with some even fighting each other for the chance to wear a camera."可知很多动物对这种相机非常好奇，甚至会为佩戴相机而打斗。这就需要人们把这些相机制造得更加牢固，以便更好地拍摄。第五段最后所列举的猩猩的例子正是为了证明这一点。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"To avoid disturbing the animals, scientists who were good at dealing with wildlife came to help by putting the cameras on the animals."可知为了避免妨碍动物，研究人员邀请科学家帮助他们给动物带上相机。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Footage that captures（捕捉）these rare and exciting glimpses of animals bidden habits is important to scientists, but documentaries like Animals with Cameras also resonate with （引起共鸣）audiences, connecting them with the beauty - and danger - of wildlife in their natural environments"可知作者认为这种相机拍摄的连续镜头对于科学研究十分重要，这种纪录片能够引起观众的共鸣，让人们欣赏到美景，也让他们意识到自然环境下野生动物面临的危险。这些说明作者对这一纪录片持支持态度。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
11．阅读理解
Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We've come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.
Cumberland Islands, Georgia
Just a few hours south of Savannah, this national seashore is a wonderful picnic place. It's an unspoiled place in the Deep South with over 50 miles of hiking trails (小径). Covered in Spanish moss, the trails are lined with trees and since it's still a rural area, the stars line up for a grand show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.
Grant Park, Chicago
If you are looking for delicious food in Chicago, go for a taste of a 20-day, lake-front, foodie festival that happens in October each year. Grab a spot near the fountain to enjoy your picnic, appreciate the city scenery and lake views and relax with family and friends. If you are there on July 4th, be sure to plan the day to include the fireworks display at the Navy Pier.
Cranberry Islands, Maine
Here, you'll enjoy natural picnics with island views. The islands are a delightful group of islands about 20 minutes offshore from Acadia National Park. You can visit the islands by private boat or ferry service. Bring a picnic basket along for the ride as it's a romantic picnic area to take your special someone or go for a family outing to visit the islands.
Big Sur, California
The Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem. Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. It's good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.
（1）Why does the writer advise us to go to Cumberland Islands?
A. Because they are just next to Savannah.
B. Because they have a grand show every night.
C. Because they are almost covered in Spanish moss.
D. Because they keep their original ecology (生态).
（2）Where can you enjoy observing wildlife with a telescope?
A. At the Navy Pier.
B. At the Point Lobos State Reserve.
C. At Acadia National Park.
D. In the Deep South.
（3）Where can we most probably read this passage?
A. In a personal dairy.
B. In a science report.
C. In a geography textbook.
D. In a travel magazine.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个最佳野餐地点。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Covered in Spanish moss, the trails are lined with trees and since it's still a rural area, the stars line up for a grand show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.”小路上爬满了西班牙苔藓，两旁种满了树。由于这里仍然是一个乡村地区，所以星星们会在晚上排起队来参加盛大的表演，这是在夜晚星光照耀下野餐的绝佳机会。可知作者建议我们去坎伯兰群岛，因为那里保持着原生态。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. It's good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telescope, becaus e much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.”除沿海野生动物外，还有珍稀植物群落和独特的地质构造。在那里野餐很好。我们建议带上望远镜，因为很多野生动物只能在远处看到。可知在the Point Lobos国家保护区可以享受用望远镜观察野生动物的乐趣。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段“Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We've come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.”梦想着充满家庭和乐趣的夏日野餐?我们列出了全美4个最佳野餐地。以及文章主要介绍了四个最佳野餐地点可知最可能在一本旅游杂志上读到这篇文章。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
12．阅读理解
Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.
Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.
But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by himself and then to run.
He began to walk to school, and then run to school, to run for the joy of running. Later in college he was on the track team.
In February 1934, in New York City's Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile.
A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one, to the degree that death seemed the preferable option.
（1）The first paragraph is intended to ________.
A. present an argument
B. make preparations for statement
C. arouse readers' interest
D. function as a brief introduction
（2）What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn?
A. Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.
B. Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.
C. There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.
D. Glenn could live a normal life with the upper halt" of his body.
（3）What do we know about Glenn?
A. Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital.
B. Glenn inspired people with his moving story.
C. Glenn won the first place in Marathon.
D. Glenn organized a track team in college.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Strengthen determination
B. Stand up after failure
C. Go after dreams
D. Face difficulty bravely
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章通过Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”
（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. 和 But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive.可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励人们。故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”可知本文最佳主题是B项Stand up after failure。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。
13．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
"The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men," argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the "Great Man Theory of History." This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great