高考名词性从句解题技巧和经典题

高考名词性从句解题技巧和经典题
高考名词性从句解题技巧和经典题

名词性从句用法及真题解析考点1 主语从句

引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类:

连接词that,whether;

连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等;

连接副词when,where,why,how等。

1.连接词that,whether引导

①That the college will take in more new students this year is true.

今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。

②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.

他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。

【注】(1)if不能引导主语从句。

(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:A.It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如:

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。

B.It+系动词+名词+that从句。如:

It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.

我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。

C.It+be+v.ed形式+that从句。如:

It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.

据宣布计划已经顺利实施。

2.连接代词引导

①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have.

我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。

②who the letter was from is still unknown.

这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。

③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.

你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。

3.连接副词引导

①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear.

针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。

②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.

恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。

考点2 宾语从句

引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类:

连接词that,whether,if等,

连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等,

连接副词when,where,why,how等。

1.连接词that,whether,if引导

①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.

我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。

②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.

我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

【注】whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下,它们可以互换,口语中常用if,但以下情况中,只能用whether。

(1)与or not紧接连用时。如:

Let me know whether or not you can come.

请让我知道你是否能来。

(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如:

We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.

我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。

2.连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等如:

①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.

她问我班上谁的书法最好。

②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind.

我想到什么就说什么。

3.连接副词引导when,where,why,how等

①Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?

你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?

②I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.

我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。

4.宾语从句的语序

在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如:

①He asked me when we could set out the next day.

他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。

②Did you find out where she lost her car?

你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?

5.宾语从句的时态

(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。①She says(that)she works from

Monday to Friday.

她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)

②she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.

她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)

③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei.

她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)

(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如:

①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.

他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)

②He said that he was going to take care of the baby.

他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)

③He said that they were having a meeting at that time.

他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)

(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如:

①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.

老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。

②He said that light travels much faster than sound.

他说光比声音传播得快。

【注】在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点:

(1)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it

作形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置。如:

①I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.

我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。

②I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

我每天写日记成了惯例。

(2)hate,like,take,owe,have,take for granted等表示“喜欢;痛恨;认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意,留意”后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如:

①I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.

我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。

②When you start the engine,you must see to it that the car is in neutral.

启动发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。

(3)介词后的宾语从句。如:

①She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.

她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。

②We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。

(4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主

句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:

①I don’t think I know you.我想我并不认识你。

②I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。

考点3、表语从句

常由连接词that,whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever;

连接副词when,where,how,why引导。

1.连接词引导

①The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.

他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。

②The question remains whether they will be able to help us.

问题还是他们能否帮我们。

2.连接代词和连接副词引导

①The problem is who will take charge of this shop.

问题是谁将接管这家店铺。

②That is when I realized the importance of journalism.

那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。

【注】(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面,如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel等。

如:

①It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.

听上去好像有人在敲门。

②At that time,it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word.

当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

(2)当主句的主语是reason时,表语从句一般由that引导,这种用法常见于句型The reason why…is that…。如:

The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。

考点4 同位语从句

同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,promise,suggestion,order等。

1.通常用连词that引导同位语从句,that无词义,也不作句子成分,但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如:

①They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again.

他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。

②I have no idea that she quit her present job.

我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。

③Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.

答应我,你今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。

2.同位语从句还可以用whether,when,where,why,how等引导。如:

①The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading.

学生问了我这个问题:这本书是否值得一读。

②I have no idea why he was excited at that time.我不知道当时他激动的原因。.

考点5 名词性从句需要注意的事项

1.that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略;在宾语从句中有时可以省略,一般需要注意下面两点:

(1)当that从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。如:

They share little in common except that they are from the same country.

除了来自同一个国家之外,他们几乎没有共同点。

(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他的不省略。如:

I believe(that)you’ve done your best and that things will improve.

我相信你已经尽力了,而且情况也会得到改善。

2.that与what的区别。that在从句中不能够充当句子成分,也没有含义;what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语,意思是”什么,……的事情”。如:

①The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.

他会康复的希望没有消失。(that不充当成分,也无含义)

②Wht he said proved to be true.

他所说的话证明是正确的。(what作said的宾语,可以翻译为“……的话”)

3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制;而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。如:

①The news that our team has won the game was true.

我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

(同位语从句,补充说明news)

②The news that he told me yesterday was true.

昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语)

③I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.

我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。

(同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容)

④The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.

妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。

(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语)

A. what

B. who

C.how

D. why

【解析】C考查名词性从句。句子意思:20个学生想要去听旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。根据句子结构可知,that aims to teach ______ to read first.是定语从句,修饰先行词class,在此定语从句中,teach后接的宾语从句中缺

少表示方式的连接词,故how正确。此处为“连接词+to do”结构。

2013年高考单项选择分类解析:名词性从句

1. 【2013北京31】______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

A. That

B. What

C. Who

D. Which

1. B。本题考查主语从句。is之前为主语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物,故选what。That只起引导作用,不充当

成分,排除;Who指人;不符合语境,排除;Which充当定语,起修饰作用,也不符合上下文的语境,排除。

【句意】让这本书如此不同寻常的是作者富于创造的想象力。

2. 【2013北京33】Experts believe _____ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

A. why

B. where

C. that

D. what

2. C。本题考查宾语从句。动词believe之后为宾语从句,从句陈述一个事实,结构完整,不缺少成分,故选用that。why作原因状语;where做地点状语;what作主语或宾语。

【句意】专家们相信人们只在必须的时候购物就会浪费更少的食物。

3. 【2013湖南28】. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _______ close you may be to

victory.

A. how

B. that

C. which

D. where

3. A。本题考查宾语从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句,宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来,修饰形容词close用how,

故选A。that, which和where都不能引导感叹句。

【句意】千万不要让失败打击你,你可能不知道自己距离成功有多近。

4. 【2013江西30】_______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

A. Whoever

B. Whatever

C. Whichever

D. Wherever

4. C。本题考查主语从句。主句谓语为will have to pay,之前为主语从句,根据句意,whichever“无论哪一个”,作定语,修饰one,故选C。Whoever作主语;Whatever指物,不符合题意;Wherever指地点,作地点状语,也不符合语境。

【句意】无论你们当中哪个人弄坏窗子都必须赔偿。

5. 【2013山东30】It’s good to know______ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.

A. what

B. whose

C. which

D. that

5. D。本题考查宾语从句。动词know之后为宾语从句,从句中意思完整,也不缺少成分,故用that表陈述一件实

事。what作主语或宾语;whose作定语;which作定语,后面一般接of结构。

【句意】知道当我们外出时这这些狗狗将会得到精心的护理是一件好事。

6. 【2013陕西20】It rem ains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whether

6. D。本题考查主语从句。it作形式主语,真正主语为横线后的主语从句。从句中结构完整,因此排除代词B和C

两项;“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述,排除表陈述的that,选用whether“是否”。【句意】这项新出炉的委员会的政策能否实施还得拭目以待。

7. 【2013四川6】______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

A. When

B. How

C. What

D. That[

7. C。本题考查主语从句。此句谓语动词为describes,之前的部分即为主语从句。从句中缺少谓语said的宾语,

故选用代词what作said的宾语引导主语从句;that在名词性从句中不做成分,只表陈述的语气;而when 和how为副词,只能做状语,不能作主干成分。

【句意】你在会议上所说的话描述了公司一个光明的前途。

8. 【2013天津15】I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.

A. That

B. Which

C. Whether

D. What

8. D。本题考查主语从句。主句谓语为is,之前为主语从句,从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语,指事物,故填what;

而which意为“哪一个”,that、whether只起引导作用,均不做成分。

【句意】我想对你说的是我对父母亲的深深的爱和尊重。

9. 【2013新课标I卷26】Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.

A. which

B. where

C. how

D. what

9. D。本题考查宾语从句。动词found后所接为宾语从句,从句中缺少主语指事物,故填上代词what。Which表

示在确定范围里的选择;where和how只能作状语。

【句意】警察们已经发现看起来就是那尊失踪的雕像。

10. 【2013浙江16】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better

than anyone else on the sports field.

A. how

B. that

C. which

D. whether

10. B。本题考查同位语从句。belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明,故为同位语从句,that表示陈述一个事

实,所以答案B正确。how如何;which哪一个;whether是否;均不符合语境。

【句意】通往最高水平的成功之路就是拥有坚定的信念:在运动场上你比任何人都更棒。

11. 【2013重庆28】. ______struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.

A. That

B. It

C. What

D. Which

11. C。本题考查主语从句。主句谓语动词was之前为;主语从句中缺少主语指事物,故使用代词what;that表陈

述,不做成分;which表示在确定范围内进行选择,译为“哪一个”。

【句意】这部电影让我最感动的地方就是父亲对儿子的深深的爱。

12. 【2013安徽21】.From space, the earth looks blue. This is ______about seventy-one percent of its surface is

covered by water.

A. why

B. how

C. because

D. whether

12. C。本题考查表语从句。is后面为表语从句。前面是结果,后面是原因,所C正确。why,how和whether均

不符合语境。

【句意】从太空上看地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的面积被水覆盖。

名词性从句高考真题2019-

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