【优质】考研英语每日一句

2016考研英语第三星期

15 (*)To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines，animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst．

词汇突破：unaware 未认识到的，未觉察到的

Vaccine 疫苗

Cruel 残忍

句子切分：To those/who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines，/animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst．

简化：To A, animal research seems wasteful and cruel．

A= those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines

其他成分：who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments，as well as new treatments and vaccines (those的定语从句)

状语：at best 至多，充其量;顶多

at worst adv.在最坏的情况下（这两个短语的翻译是需要在语境中来完成的）

参考译文：对于一些人而言，动物研究说的好听是浪费，说的难听是残忍。因为他们不知道生产这些治疗手段以及新的治疗手段和疫苗是需要动物研究的。

16Reflecting Iowa’s clout as host of the first caucuses of the presidential election cycle, the summit lured nine putative candidates, all of them Republicans.

词汇突破：clout: power or influence 权力，影响力

generally supposed to be；公认的

Summit：峰会

Lure：吸引

主干识别：the summit lured nine putative candidates

其他成分：Reflecting Iowa’s clout as host of the first caucuses of the presidential election cycle （非谓语动词做状语）动作发出者就是meeting；独立成句！

all of them Republicans （独立主格做状语）独立成句

参考译文：Iowa州是总统竞选中第一次地方干部会议的主办方，这次峰会反映出它的影响力，这次峰会也吸引来了九位公认的候选人，这些人都是共和党人。

17 long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objective, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.

词汇突破: A long-held view 长久以来的观点

Dictated主导

Dominated 主导

Imperial policy 帝国政策

expansionist militarist objective 扩张主义的军事目标（顺便说一下：名词也可以做定语：eligibility age = eligible age）

主干识别：A long-held view has beenthat…and that...

其他成分：of the history of the Englishcolonies that became the United States （view 的修饰成分）

England’spolicy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests 表语从句一

a change tomore imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objective, generatedthe tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.表语从句二

微观分析：of the history of the Englishcolonies that became the United States

后来变成美国的英国殖民地的历史（够饶的）

a change tomore imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objective, generatedthe tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.表语从句二

主干：a change to more imperial policy generated the tensions that ultimatelyled to the American Revolution.

其他成分：, dominated by expansionist militarist objective,（这里主要从语义入手就好了，说其实定语和状语都是可以的）

参考译文：对于后来成为了美国的英国殖民地，人们一直以来持有下面的观点：1.在1763年之前，英国对于这些殖民地的政策被经济利益所支配。2.之后在扩张主义的军事目标的左右下转向了一种帝国政策，这样形成了一种紧张局势，并最终导致了美国革命。

18这是最新一期经济学人中的一篇关于休斯顿发展的文章，非常符合考研文章特点，我做了以下的摘抄：

Houston is an oil town. It is not pretty，but it thrives.

但是现在全球油价在大幅下降这必然对这座石油之城造成影响。

With reduced demand, many small manufacturers and suppliersare sure to go bust, says Patrick Jankowski, an economist with the Greater Houston Partnership, a local lobby. But the real question is whether a more general slump follows. If high-paying corporate posts go, the effect on therest of the Houston economy could be dramatic. Yet there are signs that, this time,Houston’s spectacular growth will be slowed rather than stopped by the oil slump.

词汇突破:

1.Bust：衰退，破产；反义词boom (描述宏观经济的时候常这样说：boom and bust 兴衰)

2.Lobby :游说团体

3.Slump：衰退；oil slump 油价下跌

4.Spectacular：辉煌的

5.Dramatic: 严重的同义词：drastic / dreadful ; dreadfulheadline 负面报道

句子解析：

第一句：

With reduced demand, many small manufacturers and suppliersare sure to go bust, says Patrick Jankowski, an economist with the GreaterHouston Partnership, a local lobby.

主干：many small manufacturers andsuppliers are sure to go bust.

其他成分：, says Patrick Jankowski, 主谓做插入语

With reduceddemand, 状语

an economistwith the Greater Houston Partnership,

alocal lobby同位语

参考译文：Patrick Jankowski是当地一家游说团体the Greater Houston Partnership的经济学家，他说随着需求的减少，很多小的制造商和供应商一定会破产。

第二句：

But the real question is whether a moregeneral slump follows.

但是真正的问题是会不会产生更大范围的衰退。

第三句：

If high-paying corporate posts go, theeffect on the rest of the Houston economy could be dramatic. 如果高薪的公司职位没有了，那么对于休斯顿经济的其他方面的影响会很严重。

第四句：

Yet there are signs that, this time, Houston’s spectacular growthwill be slowed rather than stopped by the oil slump.

但是有迹象表明，这一次，休斯顿辉煌的增长会由于油价下跌放缓而不是停止。

这就是整个文章的主题句！

接了下来的句子就会讲为什么这次的石油价格下跌不会对休斯顿带来非常严重的影响。

文章的结尾有这样一句话：

Sprawl may not be pretty—but it seems to work.

Sprawl：城市杂乱无章的扩张。

（这次休斯顿应对油价下跌的一个办法就是通过城市的扩张来完成的。）

19 The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.

词汇突破：pursuit 追求

Interference 干涉

Obligation 责任，义务

Involvement 关于，涉及，参与

rather than 而不是

Greeks 不是“格瑞克斯”哈，是希腊人

主干识别：The pursuit of private interests was seen as the road to human happiness and progress. 其他成分：with as little interference as possible from government 状语

rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.状语

难点解析：最难的就是第一个状语的语序，其实如果看句子比较多的同学你会发现这种用法基本是种习惯用法了

with as little interference as possible from government=

with interference from government as little as possible

在真题中有这样一个结构：

in as obvious a manner as possible

试着调整一下语序；

参考译文：在尽可能少的ZF干预下追求个人利益被看作为通往人类幸福和进步的道路，而不是希腊人所强调的集体社会中的公共义务与参与。

20 (*)His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

词汇突破：analogous 类似于

Obligation 义务

Manner 方式

Reason 推理

Reveal 揭示（在这个句子中最好翻译为“展示”）

Function 在这个语境中应该是“职责”

句子主干：His function is analogous to that of a judge.

（各位在问为什么要有that of；analogous是有比较含义的词，所以比较对象要工整！that=function）

其他成分：who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.定语从句

微观分析：who=judge 或者就是前面的he,因为两人的职责是类似的所以指代谁都是一样的。这个部分的难点在于你要识别出revealing的宾语

revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

in as obvious a manner as possible做的是状语，回想一下昨天我们是怎么处理的：

in a manner as obvious as possible 用尽可能明显的方式；

后面的which led him to his decision修饰过程，你问我为什么不修饰reasoning，你自己翻译就知道不通顺了，这是语法解决不了的二义性，从语法上讲都是可以的时候就只有看语境了。参考译文：他的职责与法官相似，他必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。

21 Even the biggest law firms may be anachronistically inefficient. They are run by lawyers ,not professional managers, insist on charging by the “billable hour” rather than by results and use little technology more advanced than e-mail. Nonetheless, most big law firms have continued to be highly-profitable.

Only now is a serious threat to the law firms’ cozy existence emerging. Law firms that are sub-scale and inefficient risk ruin.

The Walmarts and Amazons of professional services are at their gates, and the legal industry’s halting pace of creative destruction is set to accelerate as a result.

词汇突破：1. anachronistically

时代错误地

形容词：anachronistic

例句：

In remembering historic events, the mistake you tend to make is anachronistic.

在记历史事件时，你容易犯的错误是时代错误。

2. billable hour 按小时收费（这是律所的一种收费方式）

3. cozy 舒服的

4. risk 这个词作动词的时候，大家可能没有关注过用法：

看两个例句吧：

（1）She was risking her own and her children’s health.

（1）使…冒风险；

（2）They risked death.

（2）冒着/面临…的风险；

5. emerge : 出现emerging market 新兴市场；

6. ruin 毁灭

7. halt 停止

8. accelerate 加速

9. Nonetheless 但是

句子解析：第一句：

Even the biggest law firms may be anachronistically inefficient.

参考译文：甚至一些大的公司可能效率都很低下，这是时代病。（副词单独成句）

第二句

They are run by lawyers ,not professional managers, insist on charging by the “billable hour” rather than by results and use little technology more advanced than e-mail.

解析：They are run by…,insist on…and use…这里动作的发出者都是they，三个动词的并列。

Little…more advanced than…=最高级（little是否定词，否定加比较=最高级）考场上看不懂也不用慌，总之在说律所的缺点。

参考译文：这些公司是由律师来经营的，而不是职业经理人；他们坚持按小时收费，而不是按结果收费；他们用的最先进的技术就是电子邮件。

第三句：

Nonetheless, most big law firms have continued to be highly-profitable.

参考译文：但是大多数的大公司赚取着高额的利润。

第四句：

Only now is a serious threat to the law firms’ cozy existence emerging.

解析：Only now 置于句首引起句子的部分倒装。

正常语序：

A serious threat to the law firms’ cozy existence is emerging only now.

参考译文：直到现在，对于法律公司（律师事务所）舒适存在的严重威胁才开始出现。

第五句：

Law firms that are sub-scale and inefficient risk ruin.

解析：Law firms risk ruin.

参考译文：那些规模不大的效率不高的法律公司面临破产的危险。

第六句：

The Walmarts and Amazons of professional services are at their gates, and the legal industry’s halting pace of creative destruction is set to accelerate as a result.

解析：professional services: 这个表达一般指法律，咨询，财务等业务。

Walmarts and Amazons 曾经对零售业产生了巨大的冲击，所以后来习惯用他们来比喻行业的改变者。

creative destruction：如果破坏是为了更好的未来，那么这样的毁灭就是有创造性的

参考译文：职业服务的变革者已经兵临城下了，因此，法律行业逐渐停下的创造性破坏的步伐就该准备加速了。（该加速破坏了！不能停了！）