法律英语核心词汇

必备法律英语词汇

民事法律英语词汇

(A,B)

按份共有several possession

按份之债several obligation

版权copyright

包办婚姻arranged marriage

保证guaranty/guarantee

保证合同contract of guaranty

保证金guaranty bond; security deposit

保证人guarantor

被代理人（本人）principal

本代理original agency

本代理人original agent

次代理subagency

代理权right of agency

代理行为act of agency

表见代理agency by estoppel;

apparent agency

不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 不当得利unjust enrichment

不当履行misfeasance

不可抗力force majeure

不可侵犯权inviolability

不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act

不作为omission

(C)

财产担保property guarantee

财产分割partition; dismemberment of property

财团法人legal body of financial group

采矿权mining ownership

产品瑕疵defect of product

撤销权right of claiming cancellation

承包经营权right to contracted management 承认权right of admission

诚实信用原则principle of good faith

乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position

程序法procedural law

驰名商标reputed trademark 处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi

创造性creativity

创作creation

从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act

从债accessory obligation

(D)

大陆法continental law

大陆法系civil law system

代位继承representation; succession by subrogation

代位权subrogated right

单独继承single succession

单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act 单一之债single obligation

担保物权real right for security

盗版VCD pirated VCD

等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange

抵销setoff

抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage 抵押权hypothec; right to mortgage

抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage 抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage

抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage 抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage 抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage

抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgage

抵押权的效力defect of right to mortgage

抵押权人mortgagee

抵押人mortgagor

抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage

抵押优先权priority of mortgage

地上权superficies

地役权servitude; easement

第一顺序继承人successor first in order

佃权tenant right

定金earnest money; deposit

独生子女only child

多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act ( E, F)

恶意占有malicious possession

发表权right of publication

发明创造invention and creation

发明权right of invention

发现权right of discovery

法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent

法定继承legal succession

法定违约金liquidated damages by law

法定之债legal obligation

法定孳息legal fruits

法律婚legal marriage

法律渊源source of law

法人legal person

法人合伙partnership of legal person

法人型联营association of legal persons

防卫行为act of defense

非婚生子女illegitimate child

非专属权non-exclusive right

否认权right of claiming cancellation

夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board

夫妻共同财产community property

夫妻关系conjugal relationship

服务商标service trademark

抚恤金pension

附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term

复婚resumption of marriage

( G )

感情破裂incompatibility

个人独资企业individual business establishment

个人合伙partnership

个体工商户individual business

给付give; pay

工业产权industrial property

公法public law

公力救济public protection

公民citizen

公平原则principle of justice

公序良俗public order and moral

共同共有joint possession 共同继承joint succession

固有法native law; indigenous law

关联企业affiliate enterprise

广告商标advertisement trademark

国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise (H)

合法行为lawful act

合伙财产property of partnership

合伙人partner

合伙协议partnership agreement

合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership

合伙债务debt of partnership

合同之债contractual obligation

合作社cooperative

衡平法equity; law of equity

户籍census register

婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties

婚生子女legitimate child

婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption

婚姻登记marriage registration

婚姻法marital law; marriage law

货币currency

获得报酬权right to get payment/remuneration

( J, K )

计划生育birth control

技术诀窍know-how

继承参与人succession participant

继承法inheritance law; law of succession

继承人heir; successor

间接继承indirect succession

监护guardianship

简单之债simple obligation

教会法ecclesiastical law

解除权right of renouncement

紧急避险act of rescue; necessity

近似商标similar trademark

禁止规范forbidding norm

经常居住地frequently dwelling place

经营权managerial authority; power of

management

精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage

救济权right of relief

居所residence

绝对权absolute right

抗辩权right of defense

可撤销民事行为revocable civil act

( L, M )

离婚divorce

利用权right to make use of

例外法exception law

连带之债joint obligation

联营joint venture

林权forest ownership

留置权lien

录制权right of fixation

律师代理agency by lawyer

罗马法Roman Law

罗马法系Roman law system

埋藏物fortuna; hidden property

买卖婚姻mercenary marriage

民法法律规范norm of civil law

民法法系civil law system

民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law

民事法律行为civil legal act

民事合伙civil partnership

民事权利能力civil right capacity

民事行为civil act

名称权right of name

名誉权right of reputation

明示保证express guaranty

命令性规范commanding norm

默示保证implied guaranty

( N, P )

拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law

农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household

诺成性民事法律行为consenting civil legal act

判例法case law; precedent

旁系血亲collateral blood relation

配偶spouse

剽窃plagiary; plagiarism 漂流物drifting object

平等原则principle of equality

普通代理general agency

普通法common law

普通合伙general partnership

期待权expectant right

欺诈fraud

( Q )

企业法人legal body of enterprise

企业集团group of enterprise

亲权parental right

亲属权right of relative

侵权行为tort

侵权行为之债tort obligation

清偿discharge; satisfaction

情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances

请求权right of claim

全权代理general agency

全权代理委托书general power of attorney 权利本位standard of right

权利的保护protection of right

( R )

让与担保alienation guarantee

人格权right of personality

人权human right

人身权利personal right

人身损害damage to person

人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude

任意之债voluntary obligation

日尔曼法Germanic law

荣誉权right of honor

入伙join partnership

( S )

善意占有possession in good faith

商标代理trademark agency

商标公告trademark gazette

商标国际注册international registration of trademark

商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board

商标侵权trademark infringement

商标权trademark right

商标审查trademark examination

商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement

商标事务所trademark office

商标注册trademark register

商品商标commodity trademark

社会本位standard of society

社团法人legal body of mass organization

涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements

涉外收养adoption with foreign elements

申请在先原则prior application rule

身份权right of status

生命健康权right of life and health

生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death

实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance

实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act 实体法substantial law

实用新型utility model

实用性practicability

使用权right of use; right to use of

使用收益分享权right to share usufruct

使用在先priority of use

世袭继承hereditary succession

市民法jus civile

事实婚de facto marriage

收回权right of recall; right of retrieval

收养法adoption law

收养人adoptive parent/adopter

收养协议adoption agreement

收益权right to earnings; right to yields

受托人trustee

授权规范authorization norm

授权委托书power of attorney

授权行为act of authorization

署名权right of authorship; right of paternity 司法解释judicial interpretation

私法private law

私力救济self-protection

私生活秘密权right of privacy

私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship 寺院法canon law

送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption

诉讼离婚divorce by litigation

损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages

所有权dominium; ownership; title

所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership

( T )

他物权jus in re aliena

探视权visitation right

特别法special law

特别合伙special partnership

特别留置权special lien

特定之债certain obligation

特许权使用费royalties

提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority

天然孳息natural fruits

同居cohabitation

同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance

土地使用权right to the use of land

退伙withdrawal from partnership

( W )

外观设计design; industrial design

完全行为能力perfect capacity for act

完整性保持权right to maintain integrity

晚婚late marriage

万民法jus gentium

违法行为illegal act; unlawful act

违约金liquidated damages

伪造forge

委托代理agency by mandate

慰问金consolation money

无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award

无效婚姻void marriage

无效行为ineffective act

无行为能力incapacity for act

无因管理voluntary service

无责任行为irresponsible right

无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods

物的担保security for thing

物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing

物权分类classification of right in rem/real right

物上请求权right of claim for real thing

误传misrepresentation

( X )

习惯法customary law

先买权preemption

显失公平obvious unjust

限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act

相对权relative right

相对人counterpart; offeree

相邻权neighboring right; related right

肖像权right of portraiture

协议离婚divorce by agreement

协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management

胁迫duress

新颖性novelty

信用担保credit guarantee

行为能力capacity for act

形成权right of formation

姓名权right of name

修改权right of modification; right of revision

选择之债alternative obligation

( Y )

押金deposit; foregift

要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act

要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act 一夫一妻制monogamy

伊斯兰法Islamic law

医疗费medical charge

医药费hospital treatment expense

遗产inheritance; heritage

遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor

遗失物lost property

遗书last words

遗言last will and testament

遗赠bequest; legacy; devise(不动产)

遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement

遗赠继承succession by devise

遗嘱继承intestate succession 以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention

义务性规范obligatory norm

意思表示declaration of intention

意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 意思能力capacity of will

意外事件accident

隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership

隐私权right of privacy

英吉利法English law

英美法系system of Anglo-American law

永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right

用益物权real right for usufruct

优先权日priority date

优先权原则doctrine of priority right

有权代理authorized agency

有限合伙limited partnership

预付款advanced payment

约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement

( Z )

再代理人subagent

早婚early marriage

债的担保guarantee of obligation

债的履行performance of obligation

债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right

债权人creditor

债券bond

债务debt; liability; obligation

债务的偿还payment of debt

债务的偿清discharge of debt

债务的担保guarantee of debt

债务的给付日期debt maturity

债务的合并consolidation of debt

债务的免除exemption of debt

债务人debtor

占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership 贞操权virginity right

正当防卫justifiable right; legitimate defense 证券securities

支配权right of dominion

知识产权intellectual property

知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property

直系血亲lineal descent

指定代理人designated agent

制定法statute

质权right of pledge

智力成果intellectual property

中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China

中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise

中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 终止权right of termination

种类之债indefinite obligation

重大误解gross misunderstanding

重婚bigamy

主民事法律行为principal civil legal act

主债prime/principal obligation

住所domicile

注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark

注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark

著作财产权property right in work

著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright 著作权人copyright owner

部分美国刑事法律英语词汇

Year and a Day Rule 满一年原则（如受害者满一年未死亡，不得以杀人罪起诉被告）Wharton's Rule 沃顿原则（如果某种罪最少得由N人所犯，那么N+1人才构成同谋罪）voluntary manslaughter 故意杀人

voluntary intoxication 故意醉酒

victim/witness assistance programs 服务组织提供的对犯罪受害人及证人的安慰及帮助victims rights 刑事司法过程中受害人的基本权利

victimless crime 无受害者犯罪

victim impact statement 受害人影响陈述vehicular homicide 车祸致人死命罪uttering 故意提供或传递伪造文件罪unlawful assembly 非法集会

Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) 《统一死亡判定法案》

truth in sentencing 判决及释放之间trespassory taking 非法盗窃

treason 叛国罪

three-strikes legislation 重罪加长刑期法theft of computer services 非法窃取计算机服务

tangible property 有形资产

several crimes 数罪

several offenses of a kind 同种数罪syndrome-based defense 基于综合症的犯罪sudden passion 突然情感爆发（可能导致故意杀人）

substantive criminal law 实体刑法subornation of perjury 非法教唆他人作伪证strict liability crimes 严格责任犯罪（无犯罪意图或过错仍然有罪）

accomplice ：同案犯

adult business district ：红灯区

agricrime ：农业犯罪

armed robbery ：武装抢劫

arrest warrant ：逮捕证

assault ：袭击

attack dog ：攻击犬

back-alley butcher ：卑鄙的屠夫

bail ：保释金

blackmail scandal敲诈丑闻/ black market blood money ：血腥钱

body bag ：装尸袋

guilty of bribery行贿受贿罪

bum rap ：错捕

career criminal ：职业罪犯

child abuse ：虐待儿童

computer cleaner：消除财务信息的电脑黑客con artist ：行骗高手con game ：骗局credit-card fraud ：信用卡欺诈

date rape ：约会强奸

domestic violence ：家庭暴力

drunk driving ：酒后驾驶

first-degree murder ：一级谋杀案

hijack劫持/ blackjack /skyjacking/carjacking

hit-and-run accident肇事逃逸案

homicide of a prostitute妓女被杀

hold-up ：持枪抢劫

impulse crime ：冲动犯罪

juvenile delinquency ：青少年犯罪arrested for larceny：偷盗被捕（pickpocket ）Mafia ：黑手党

money laundering ：洗钱

organized crime ：集团犯罪perjury ：伪证

police corruption ：警察腐败pornoshop ：色情商店

sin tax ：罪孽税

statutory rape ：法定强奸罪suicide season ：自杀季节tax evasion ：逃税

white-collar crime ：白领犯罪

诉讼法律

(a b)

案件发回remand a case (to a low court)

案件名称title of a case

案卷材料materials in the case

案情陈述书statement of case

案外人person other than involved in the case 案值total value involved in the case

败诉方losing party胜诉方winning party

办案人员personnel handling a case

保全措施申请书application for protective measures

报案report a case (to security authorities)

被告defendant; the accused

被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused

被告第二次答辩rejoinder

被害人victim

被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem

被上诉人respondent; the appellee

被申请人respondent

被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed

被执行人person subject to enforcement

本诉principal action

必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation

变通管辖jurisdiction by accord

辩护defense

辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer

辩护人defender

辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence 辩论阶段stage of court debate

驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim

驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion

驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgment/ruling

驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit

驳回通知书notice of dismissal

驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution 驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case

补充答辩supplementary answer

补充判决supplementary judgment

补充侦查supplementary investigation

不公开审理trial in camera

不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing

不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest

不起诉，撤回诉讼nol. pros.

不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court

(c d)

财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation

裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)

裁定管辖jurisdiction by order

裁定书order; ruling

裁决书award

采信的证据admitted evidence

查封seal up

撤回上诉withdraw appeal

撤诉withdraw a lawsuit

撤销立案revoke a case placed on file

撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgment and remand the case to the original court for retrial

出示的证据exhibit

除权判决invalidating judgment (for negotiable instruments)

传唤summon; call

传闻证据hearsay

答辩(状) answer; reply

答辩陈述书statement of defense

大法官associate justices; justice/法官judge 大检察官deputy chief procurator

代理控告agency for accusation

代理申诉agency for appeal

代理审判员acting judge

代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving

弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure

当事人陈述statement of the parties

当庭宣判pronouncement of judgment or sentence in court

地区管辖territorial jurisdiction

地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procurator’s Office

第三人third party

调查笔录record of investigation

定期宣判pronouncement of judgment or sentence later on a fixed date

定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence

冻结freeze

督促程序procedure of supervision and urge 独任庭sole-judge bench

独任仲裁员sole arbitrator

对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action (e f)

二审trial of second instance

二审案件case of trial of second insurance

罚款impose a fine

法定证据statutory/legal evidence

法定证据制度system of legal evidence

法警bailiff; court police 法律文书legal instruments/papers

法律援助legal aid

法律咨询legal consulting

法庭辩论court debate

法庭调查court investigation

法庭审理笔录court record

法庭审理方式mode of court trial

法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal

法院court/ tribunal/ court of justice/court of law/ law court/ judicial court/court house/ judicature/judicatory

法院公告court announcement

反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim

犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect

附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action

附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action

复查reexamination; recheck

复验reinspect

(j k)

基层人民法院basic People’s Court

羁押期限term in custody

级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels

监视居住living at home under surveillance 监狱prison

检察官procurator

检察权prosecutorial power

检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee

检察院procuratorate

检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate

简易程序summary procedure

鉴定结论expert conclusion

经济审判庭economic tribunal

径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgment without notice

纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings

拘传summon by force; summon by warrant 拘留所detention house

举报information/report of an offence

举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi

决定书decision

军事法院military court

开庭审理open a court session

开庭通知notice of court session

勘验笔录record of inquest

看守所detention house

可执行财产executable property

控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings

控诉证据incriminating evidence

控诉职能accusation function

扣押distrain on; attachment

扣押物distraint

宽限期period of grace

(l m n)

劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration

劳改场reform-through-labor farm

劳教所reeducation-through-labor office

类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence

累积证据cumulative evidence

立案报告place a case on file

立案管辖functional jurisdiction

立案决定书written decision of case-filing

立案侦查report of placing a case on file

利害关系人interested party

临时裁决书interim award

律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication

律师事务所law office; law firm

律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer 免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty

民事案件civil case

民事审判庭civil tribunal

民事诉讼civil action

民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law

扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police (p q)

派出法庭detached tribunal

派出所police station

判决judgment; determination

判决书judgment; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的) 旁证circumstantial evidence

陪审员juror

批准逮捕approval of arrest

破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case

破产bankruptcy; insolvency

普通程序general/ordinary procedure

普通管辖general jurisdiction

企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation

起诉filing of a lawsuit

起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings

起诉状indictment; complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim

区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate

取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving

缺席判决default judgment

(r s)

人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee

认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as ownerless

认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity

上诉appeal

上诉人appellant

上诉状petition for appeal

少管所juvenile prison

社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security

涉外案件cases involving foreign interests

涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings

涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings 申请人applicant; petitioner

申请书petition; application for arbitration

申请执行人execution applicant

申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity

申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision

神示制度ordeal system

审查案件case review

审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest 审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution

审理通知书notice of hearing

审判长presiding judge

审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session

审判管辖trial jurisdiction

审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision 审判委员会judicial committee

审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings

生效判决裁定legally effective judgment/order

省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate

失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death

实（质）体证据substantial evidence

实物证据tangible evidence

实在证据real evidence

示意证据demonstrative evidence

视听证据audio-visual evidence

收容所collecting post; safe retreat

首席检察官chief procurator

受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family 受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case

受送达人the addressee

书记员court clerk

书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules

书证documentary evidence

司法部Ministry of Justice

司法机关judicial organizations

司法警察judicial police

司法局judicial bureau

司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 司法协助judicial assistance 死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve

死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence

死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence

送达service of process

送达传票service of summons/subpoena

送达诉状service of bill of complaint

搜查search

诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit; litigation

诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit

诉讼保全attachment

诉讼参加人litigious participants

诉讼代理人agent ad litem

特别程序special procedures

(t w x)

铁路法院railway court

提起公诉institute a public prosecution

铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate 庭审程序procedure of court trial

通缉wanted for arrest

投案appearance

退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation

委托辩护entrusted defense

未成年人法庭juvenile court

无行政职务的法官associate judge

无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause

无罪判决acquittal, finding of unguilty

物证material evidence

先予执行申请书application for advanced execution

刑事拘留criminal detention

刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures

刑事审判庭criminal tribunal

刑事诉讼criminal proceedings

刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law

刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint

行政审判庭administrative tribunal

行政诉讼administrative proceedings

行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death

宣判笔录record of rendition of judgment

选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters

询问证人inquire/question a witness

训诫reprimand

讯问笔录record of interrogation

讯问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect ( y z)

言词证据verbal evidence

要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena

一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding

一审trial of first instance

应诉通知书notice of respondence to action 有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”

预审preliminary examination; pretrial

原告plaintiff

院长court president

阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers) 再审案件case of retrial

再审申请书petition for retrial

责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance

债权人会议creditors’meeting

侦查阶段investigation stage

侦查终结conclusion of investigation

征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant

证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation

证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit

支付令payment order/warrant

知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal

执行程序procedure execution

执行逮捕execution of arrest

执行和解conciliation of execution

执行回转recovery of execution

执行异议objection to execution

执行员executor执行庭executive tribunal 执行中止discontinuance of execution

执行终结conclusion of execution

指定辩护appointed defense

指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator

中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court 中途退庭retreat during court session without permission

仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant

仲裁申请书arbitration

仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff

仲裁庭arbitration tribunal

仲裁委员会arbitration committee

仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration

主诉检察官principal procurator

助理检察官assistant procurator

专门管辖specific jurisdiction

专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction

追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility

自首confession to justice

自诉案件private-prosecuting case

自行辩护self-defense

自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence

自侦案件self-investigating case

最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court 最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate

其它

判决：judgment(用于民事、行政案件); determination(用于终审); sentence(用于刑事案); verdict(由陪审团作出)

裁定书：order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）；award（用于仲裁）；verdict（用于陪审团）

决定书：decision

法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)

法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)

法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)

律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate 律师执业证lawyer license

律师费lawyer fee