外研版英语语音知识笔记知识点汇总

外研版英语语音知识笔记知识点汇总
外研版英语语音知识笔记知识点汇总

英语国际音标表

英语音标一共有48个,其中元音有20个,辅音有28个。

元音(20个)

长元音/ɑ://?:// ?://i://U:/

短元音/ ?//?//?//?//?//e/ /?/

双元音/e?/ /??/ /a?/ /a?/ / ??//??//e?//??/辅音(28个)

清辅音/p// t// k//f//θ//s/ /?// h//ts//t?//tr/

浊辅音/b//d/ /g//v//e/ /z/ /?//d?//dz/ /dr/ / r/

鼻音/m//n/ /?/

半元音/ j// w/

边音/ ?/

26个字母音标

A /e?/

B /bi:/

C /si:/

D /di:/

E /i:/

F /ef/

G /d?i:/

H /e?t?/I /a?/J /d?e?/ K /k e?/ L /el/M /em/ N /en/

O /??/P /pi:/Q /kju:/R /a:/S /es/T /ti:/

U /ju:/V /vi:/W /`d?b?lju:/X /eks/Y /wa?/Z /zi://zed/含有相同因素的字母

/i:/ B C D E G P T V Z /a?/ I Y

/e/ F L M N S X Z /ju:/ Q U W

/e?/ A H J K

新旧英语国际音标对照表

单元音

/i:/嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,嘴角向两边张开,流露出微笑的表情,与字母E发音相同。

/?/嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部提高,嘴形扁平。

/?/ 嘴张大,嘴角尽量拉向两边,成扁平形,舌尖抵下齿,

/e/嘴形扁平,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起。

/ ?:/嘴形扁平,上下齿微开,舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。

/?/嘴唇微微张开,舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起,口腔自然放松发声。

/?:/嘴唇收的小而圆,并向前突出,舌身往后缩。

/?/口腔打开,嘴张大,舌头向后缩,双唇稍收圆。

/u:/嘴形小而圆,微微外突,舌头尽量外缩。

/?/嘴唇张开略向前突,嘴形稍收圆并放松些,舌头后缩。

/ɑ:/口腔打开,嘴张大,舌身放平,舌尖不抵下齿,下巴放低,放松发音。/ ?/嘴唇微微张开伸向两边,舌尖轻触下齿,舌后部稍微抬起。

双元音

/e?/由[e]和[i]两个单音组成,[e]重读,[i]轻读,口型由半开到合。字母A 就发这个音。

/a?/由两个单音组成,前音重读后音轻读,口型由开到合。与字母I的发音相同。

/??/由[?]和[i]两个单音组成,前重读后轻读,双唇由圆到扁,口型从开到合,

/a?/由[a]和[u]两个单音组成,[a]重读,[u]轻读,口型由大到小。

/??/由[?]和[u]两个单音组成,发音也是一个过程,口型由半开到小,与字母O的发音是相同的。

/??/ 由[i]和[?]两个单音组成,[i]重读,[?]轻读,双唇始终是半开的。

/e?/由[e]和[?]两个单音组成,前重后轻,舌尖抵下齿,双唇半开。

/??/两个单音组成,[u]重读,[?]轻读,双唇由收圆到半开。

辅音音素

/p/双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带不振动。

/b/双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带需振动。

/ t/舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后突然弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔中喷出,但声带不振动。

/d/舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后突然弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔中喷出,但声带需振动。

/ k/舌后部抵住软腭,憋住气,然后突然离开,将气送出来,像咳嗽一样,但声带不振动。

/g/舌后部抵住软腭,憋住气,然后突然离开,将气送出来,像咳嗽一样,但声带需振动。

/s/双唇微微张开,舌头自然放松,气流从上下齿隙间送出,但声带不振动。

/z/双唇微微张开,舌头自然放松,气流从上下齿隙间送出,但声带需振动。

/?/双唇收圆并微微突出,舌头稍微上卷,舌尖接近上齿龈,送气,但声带不振动。

/?/ 双唇收圆并微微突出,舌头稍微上卷,舌尖接近上齿龈,送气,但声带需振动。

/t?/双唇略微张开突出,舌尖抵住上齿龈,用力吐气,声带不振动。

/d?/ 双唇略微张开突出,舌尖抵住上齿龈,用力吐气,声带需振动。

/f/上齿轻轻接触下唇,然后吹气,使气流从唇齿间通过,形成摩擦,声带不振动。

/v/上齿轻轻接触下唇,然后吹气,使气流从唇齿间通过,形成摩擦,声带需振动。

/θ/ 舌尖微微伸出,上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖,送气,但声带不振动。

/e/ 舌尖微微伸出,上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖,送气,但声带需振动。

/ts/ 舌尖先抵住上齿,堵住气流,使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出,声带不振动。

/dz/ 舌尖先抵住上齿,堵住气流,使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出,声带需振动。

/tr/ 双唇收圆向前突出,舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈,采取发/ r/ 的姿势,声带不振动。

/dr/ 双唇收圆向前突出,舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈,采取发/ r/ 的姿势,声带需振动。

/ h/ 嘴唇自然张开,自然呵气,声带不振动。

/ r/ 舌尖向上卷起,舌头不要接触任何部位,双唇稍微突出,声带振动。/ ?/ 舌尖抵住上齿龈,舌尖轻微用力弯曲,气流从舌旁边送出,声带振动。/m/双唇紧闭,舌头平放,气流从鼻腔送出,声带振动。

/n/ 双唇微开,舌尖抵上齿龈,气流从鼻孔里出来,声带振动。

/?/双唇张开,舌尖抵上齿龈,

/ w/ 双唇缩小并向前突出,舌后部抬起,嘴慢慢向两旁滑开,声带振动。/ j/嘴形成微笑状,舌尖抵住下齿,舌面抵住上颚,声带需振动

英语音标及字母组合对照

一、元音

1) /i:/发音字母:ee ea e ie ei

ee : three tree green sheep meet beef see

ea : eat meat leave teacher team mean speak clean

e_e: these piece

e: he she me

ie: piece

ei: receive

2) /?/发音字母: i y e

i: sit picture it is list six pig big build miss

y: many twenty happy dictionary

e: decide delicious

3) [ ? ] 发音字母: a

a: hand and ant happy hat map black back glad flag man

4) [e] 发音字母: ea e a

ea: head bread sweater breakfast heavy pleasure

e: elephant remember sell lesson better hotel

a :many any

5) [?:] 发音字母:ir ur ear er or

ir: girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird

ur: turn burn murder nurse turtle purple Thursday ear:learn early earth heard

er: term her certainly

or: work worker word world

6) [?] 发音字母: er or o a e ur ure

er: teacher under remember player father mother farmer

or: doctor actor forget

o: together tomorrow today lesson welcome policeman a: around about ago elephant away banana China e: student children open different

ur: Saturday

ure: picture

7) [ɑ:] 发音字母: ar a au al

ar: car farm card arm garden ask

a: fast class last glass aunt

au: aunt

al: calm

8) [ ? ] 发音字母: u o ou oo

u: up supper lunch fun run hunt cup bus

o: come mother dose brother love above

ou: trouble touch young

oo: blood flood

9) [?: ] 发音字母: al ar au or our oor au ore ough augh

al: all small wall talk tall ball call walk

ar: warm quarter

au: daughter autumn

or: short horse for forty sport door floor store

ou: four your

oor: door floor

ore : wore more

ough: bought thought

augh: caught taught

10) [?] ([?]) 发音字母: o a

o: orange hot lost lot fox box hop lot not

a: want what wash watch

11) [u:] 发音字母: oo o u

oo: too zoo food school room goose tooth

o: do two to shoe whose

u: true truth blue full ruler

12) [?] 发音字母: oo ou u o

oo: look good foot book wood

ou: should could would

u: put full pull push

o: woman wolf

oo 在d, k 前读短音,其余读长音。但food 是长音,foot是短音。

13) [e?] 发音字母: a ay ai ey ea ei

a: name cake late gate plane April

ay: play say may way day away

ai: rain paint eight eighteen eighty wait

ey: they grey

ea: great break

ei: eight

14) [??] 发音字母: o ow oa ou

O: home cold go no phone host ghost

ow: know yellow below throw blow show row

oa: boat coat goat

ou: soup soul

15) [a?] 发音字母: i y igh ie ei eye

i: bike fine find hi nine five rice write like

y: my try fly by

ight: light night high

ie: lie die tie

ei: height

eye: eye

16) [a?] 发音字母: ou ow

ou: house ground count sound blouse around

mouse

ow: flower down now cow how town brown

17) [?? ] 发音字母:oy oi

oy: boy toy oi: toilet oil noise

18) [??] 发音字母: eer ear ere

eer: beer deer ear: ear near dear ere: here

19) [ ?? ] ([e?]) 发音字母:ear air ere eir

ear: pear bear air: chair air

ere: there where eir: their theirs

20) [??] 发音字母:ure oor our

ure: sure oor: poor our: tour

二、辅音

1.[p] p pea peach pig pink purple map

2.[t] t two too to boat ten twelve

3.[k](k、c、ck 、ch)

c: come cap cat k: bike cake kind key ck: black duck ch: Christmas chemistry

4.[f] f ph gh

f: fish frog foot face farm ph: photo Philip gh: laugh

5.[θ] th 在名词、数词、形容词中

th: three mouth

6.[s] s c sc ss x

s: snake sing face c: city cinema sc: scene ss: glass grass x: box next

7.[?] sh s ci si ti

sh: ship sheep shop she s: sugar ci: social

ti: nation si: Asia

8.[h] h wh

h: hen house horse hand hair wh: who whose 9.[ts] ts tes

ts: skirts students shirts tes: minutes

10.[t∫] ch tch t

ch: Chinses China peach beach chicken

tch: watch match t: piture lecture

11.[tr] tr tree train trousers

12.[b] b bee big bye black bed bear book banana

13.[d] d bed dad do need duck head

14.[g] g gu gue

g: bag pig dog egg girl gu: guess gue: league

15.[v] v vest very live leave

16.[e] th 在连词代词及e er 后

th: with this these brother

17.[z] z s Z: zoo zebra S: busy husband 1 8.[?] s measure pleasure usually

19.[d?] j ge dge

j: juice job jacket ge: orange large age

dge: judge bridge

20.[dz] ds des

ds:words hands heads friends des: grades

21.[dr] dr drink dress drive

22.[r] r wr

r: rabbit red rice wr:wrong write

23.[m] m monkey milk some come game

24.[n] n nose son sun run chicken pen

25.[?] n 在k前ng

n : monkey donkey ng :king sing English 26.[j] y yes yellow you

27.[w] w wh w:water watermelon white wh: why where

28.[l] l lion lemon blue leg lamp

语音知识

字母:是语言的书写形式,分元音字母和辅音字母。

音标:是词的语音形式,是用来标记一个词或字母的读音的书写符号。分元音和辅音。元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.

辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.

音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.

音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。在英语中一个元音可构成音节,一个元音和一个

辅音或几个辅音结合可构成音节,一般辅音不构成音节,但/m//n//?/ / ?/ 是响音

他们与辅音音素也可构成音节叫成音节。由于音节构成单词,一个音节构成的单词叫单音节词,两个音节构成的词叫双音节词,三个或三个以上音节构成的词叫多音节词。

重读音节和非重读音节:在英语中双音节词和多音节词中,有个读的特别响亮的音节叫

重读音节,其他不特别响亮的音叫非重读音节。双音节词重读

句子重读:在连贯的说话或朗读时,一些比较重要的词要重读,使这个词发音响亮而清晰,在句子中需重读的词有:名词,动词,形容词,副词,数词,和疑问代

词,指示代词。而助动词,系动词,连词,介词,人称代词,物主代词等不

重读。但介词如果在句首时重读,在句末的系动词助动词要重读,系动词和

助动词的否定形式要重读。

句子的连读:在连贯的说话或朗读时,短语和句子中相邻的词,如果前一个词的末尾是辅音,后一个词的词首是元音时,就要连起来读,末尾有字母r的词,在

短语和句子中和与元音开始的词相邻是,R要读出来,并且和后面的元音

连读。

Have a look at it . There is a pair of shoes .

不完全爆破:发爆破音时,先是发音器官在口腔中行程阻碍,然后气流从口腔出来,冲破阻碍而得到爆破音。但在某种情况下,发爆破音时,气流不必冲破阻碍,

而只是发音器官在口腔形成阻碍并稍作停顿,这样的爆破音称不完全爆破。

也叫失去爆破。

在以下情况下发不完全爆破音:

1. 爆破音/P/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 相邻时,前面一个发不完全爆破音。

They too(k) goo(d) care of the children .

2. P/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ 在/t?/ /d?/ /e/ /θ/ 这四个音前面时发不完全爆

破音。

Have you rea(d) the book abou(t) that child .

3. /t/ /d/ 在/m//n/ /s/ / ?/的前面时,/t/ /d受后面这些音素的影响,发鼻化、旁流、破擦等现象。

元音/ɑ://?:// ?://i://U:/

短元音/ ?//?//?//?//?//e/ /?/

双元音/e?/ /??/ /a?/ /a?/ / ??//??//e?//??/

辅音(28个)

清辅音/p// t// k//f//θ//s/ /?// h//ts//t?//tr/

浊辅音/b//d/ /g//v//e/ /z/ /?//d?//dz/ /dr/ / r/

鼻音/m//n/ /?/

半元音/ j// w/

边音/ ?/

/ w?z/ /w?:/ / w?z/ /w?/

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5. what else?还有什么其他的? 6. It is adj. forsb. to do sth. 7. It is a goodidea to do sth. 8.meet sb.接某人 9.this term这学期 last term上学期 next term下学期 10. help sb. dosth. help sb. with sth. 11.ask for advice征求意见

12.basic questions基本问题 13.spend… on sth. spend …(in) doingsth.花费时间做某事sth cost sb some money It takes sb. sometime to do sth. pay for 14.the meaning of….的意思 15.speak to sb.与某人谈话 16.take a deepbreath深呼吸 17.start aconversation开始一段谈话

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12. talk to 跟……交谈 13. send sth. to sb. 把某物(发)送给某人 14. ask for 请求 15. watch films 看电影 16. be from 来自 17. smile at 冲……微笑 18. go to bed 去睡觉 19. get up 起床 20. think about 考虑 21. make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友 22. take sb. around sp. 带领某人参观某地 23. a few 几个;一些 24. invite sb. to 邀请某人到…… 25. be good at 擅长 26. for example 例如 二、重点句型

1. advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 2. be afraid to... 害怕做…… 3. be good for... 对……有好处的 4. be (a) great way(s) to do sth 做……的(一种)好方法 5. It is natural to do sth. 做某事是合乎常情的。 三、重点语法 1. Why not...? = Why don’t + you (we / they...)...? 意为“为什么不……呢?”,后接动词原形。 eg: Why not / Why don’t we help the old clean their rooms this afternoon? 今天下午为什么不去帮助老人打扫房间呢? 2. What / How about...? 意为“……怎么样?”,其中about 是介词,后接名词或动词-ing 形式。 eg: What / How about drinking a cup of tea together?

八上英语外研版知识点归纳

英语初二上册重点知识点讲解 Module 1 How to learn English 1. advice (1)意思是“意见,建议”,为不可数名词,可用some,much,a piece of,pieces of等修饰,不能说an advice或many/a few advices。 (2)表示“有关……的建议”时,用介词on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。 . Let’s ask for his advice on what to do next. 常见搭配:take/follow one’s advice接受某人的建议 ask for advice 征求意见 拓展:advise vt.建议 常见搭配:advise sb. to do sth. } teacher advises me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开。 2.Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends. 每次你将会学习一些新东西。我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。 time的用法: (1)time指“时间”用作不可数名词,前面可much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修饰。 (2)当作“次数;倍数”讲时,time是可数名词。 have been to Beijing three times. (3)time构成的短语: at a time一次,每一次at one time曾经,一度 at times /from time to time有时,偶尔all the time总是,一直 in time及时,迟早on time准时 : (4)time构成的句型: ①It’s time for sb. to do sth./It’s (high) time sb. did sth.该是某人干……的时间了。 . It’s time for children to go to bed.是小孩睡觉的时候了。 It’s high time that we started.我们该出发了。 ②each time(每次),next time(下次),the first/last time(第一次/最后一次……的时候)等。. The last time I went to China, I visited Shanghai. 我上次到中国时,游览了上海。 3.I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room. 我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里。 suggest,做动词,表示“建议,提议”的意思,对应的名词是suggestion。suggest的用法: ) I suggested his / him giving up the idea. 我建议他放弃那念头。 She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.

外研版八年级英语上知识点汇总

教研版八年级英语上册单词、短语、用法集萃 Module 1 How to learn English 一、必记单词 1、Grammar n. 语法 2、pronunciation n. 发音 3、practise v. 练习 4、advice n. 意见;建议 5、possible adj. 可能的 6、aloud adv. 大声地;出声地 7、improve v. 改进;改善 8、suggest v. 建议;提议 9、vocabulary n. 词汇;词汇量 10、spelling n. 拼写 12、understand v. 理解;明白 13、should v. aux. 应该 14、forget v. 忘;忘记 15、agree v. 赞同 16、quickly adv. 快地;迅速地 二、短语归纳 1. look up查;查找 2. make a mistake犯错误 3. talk about谈论;讨论 4. speak English讲英语 5. write down写下;记下 6. next to在……旁边;紧挨着 7. listen to the radio听广播 8. be good for对……有好处 9. write to给……写信10. a little有点 11.agree with sb.同意某人 12. talk to跟……交谈 13. send sth to sb.把……(发)送给某人 14. ask for请求(给予) 15. watch films看电影 16. be/come from来自 17. smile at冲……微笑 18. go to bed去睡觉 19. get up起床 20. think about考虑 21. make friends with sb.与某人交朋友 22. take sb. around带领某人参观…… 23. a few几个;一些 24. invite sb. to邀请某人到…… 25. be good at擅长 26. for example例如 三、经典句型 1. We should always speak English in class. 在课上我们应该总是讲英语。 2. Let's try to speak English as much as possible. 让我们尽可能多地讲英语。 3. Why not write down the mistakes in our notebooks? 为什么不在我们的笔记本上记下错误呢? 4. It's a good idea to spell and pronounce new words aloud every day. 每天大声拼读生词是一个好主意。 5. How about listening to the radio? 听广播怎么样? 四、用法集萃 1. how+ to do sth.如何做某事 2. try- to do sth.尽力去做某事 3. practised doing sth.练习做某事 4. a way/ways+ to do sth.做某事的方法 5. forgets to do sth.忘记去做某事 6. How about+ doing sth.?做某事怎么样? 7. needy to do sth.需要做某事 8. let sb. +do sth.让某人做某事 9. enjoy+doing sth.喜欢做某事 10. be afraid+ to do sth.不敢做某事 11. should+do sth.应该做某事 12. stop+to do sth.停下来去做某事 13. Something+形容词……的事情 14.as十形容词/副词原级+as possible 尽可 能…… 15.advise sb.+to do sth. 建议某人做某事 16.It+ be+形容词+(for sb.)十to do sth.(对某人来 说)做某事是……的。 17.It's a good idea+ to do sth.做某事是一个好 主意。 18. Why not十do sth.?为什么不做某事呢? 19.Why don't we/you+do sth.?我们/你(们)为什么 不做某事呢? 1

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