2000年5月TOEFL语法笔记

2000年5月TOEFL语法笔记
2000年5月TOEFL语法笔记

2000年5月TOEFL语法笔记

编委:Maya

审委:Xaosduck

1、From 1949 onward, the artist Georgia O’ Keeffe made New Mexico ______.

(A) her permanent residence was

(B) where her permanent residence

(C) permanent residence for her

(D) her permanent residence

Key:D

分析:考点是make 句型。因为make后面可以接双宾语,所以D。

参考译文:从1949年开始,艺术家GOK把纽约当作她的永久居住地.

2、Just as remote-controlled satellites can be employed to explore outer space, _______employed to investigate the deep sea.

(A)an be robots

(B)obots can be

(C)an robots

(D)an robots that are

key:B

分析:考点是主谓结构。本题因为没什么词引起倒装,所以句子用正常的顺序.

(A) (C)都没有谓语。

(D) 是从句,放在者让主句没有了谓语,违反了谓语单一原则。

参考译文:正因为远程控制卫星能够被用来探测外太空,所以机器人也能被用来探测深海的情况.

3、In ______ people, the areas of the brain that control speech are located in the left hemisphere.

(A) mostly of

(B) most

(C) almost the

(D) the most of

key:B

分析:考点是定语成分。无须多说,most后面加名词。mostly是副词,“最多部分地;主要地”的意思。

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参考译文:对大多数人来说,大脑中控制说话的那部分区域位于大脑的左半球。

4、Stars shine because of _______ produced by the nuclear reactions taking place within them.

(A) the amount of light and heat is

(B) which the amount of light and heat

(C) the amount of light and heat that it is

(D)he amount of light and heat

key:D

分析:考点是宾语成分。because of 后面只能跟名词或者是名词性的短语作宾语,不能跟从句。because 后面才能接从句。

参考译文:星星发光是因为在其内部发生的核反应而产生了足够多的光能和热量

5、________ is not clear to researchers.

(A) Why dinosaurs having become extinct

(B) Why dinosaurs became extinct

(C) Did dinosaurs become extinct

(D) Dinosaurs became extinct

key:B

分析:考点是主谓结构。句子的结构:谓语是is,is前的空格应该为句子的主语,应填名词或名词性的短语或者是疑问代词引导的从句等等。

参考译文:恐龙为什么会灭绝,研究人员仍然不清楚。

6、Although many people use the word "milk" to refer cow's milk, _______ to milk from any animal, including human milk and goat's milk.

(A) applying it also

(B) applies also

(C) it also applies

(D) but it also applies

key:C

分析:考点是主谓结构。Although引导逗号前的分句,则逗号后为主句.空格处缺主句的主语和谓语。所以C。注意D错在多了but这个词,因为although和but不能同时出现。

参考译文:尽管很多人用”牛奶”这个词来指代牛的奶,但是这个词仍然能用于其它动物的奶,包括人类和羊的奶汁。

7、The first transatlantic telephone cable system was not established _______ 1956.

(A) while

(B) until

(C) on

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(D) when

key:B

分析:考点是固定句型。not….until,是”直到…..才”的意思。

参考译文:直到1956年,第一个程控交换系统才被建立。

8、_______ no two people think exactly alike, there will always be disagreement, but disagreement should not always be avoided;It can be healthy if handled creatively.

(A) There are

(B) Why

(C) That

(D) Because

key:D

分析:考点是连词用法。分号前后分别是完整的句子。前半的主句由where be引导,其中一个分句由but引导,空格处要填的是另一个分句的引导词。答案D。根据句意,because 用在句首引导原因状语从句。

参考译文:因为没有两个人的想法是一模一样,所以总有分歧存在。但是分歧不应该被避免,如果分歧能够被机智地处理的话它们是有益的。

9、Drinking water ________ excessive amounts of fluorides may leave a stained or mottled effect on the enamel of teeth.

(A) containing

(B) in which containing

(C) contains

(D)hat contain

key:A

分析:考点是主谓结构。句子主语是drinking water,谓语是may leave.主语后的空格应修饰主语。则只能key:A.若key:C的话则应为drinking water which contains….。

参考译文:喝含有过量氟化物的水会给牙齿的珐琅质留下污点或者是斑点。

10、In the 1820's physical education became_______ of the curriculum of Harvard and Yale Universities.

(A) to be part

(B) which was part

(C) was part

(D) part

key:D

分析:考点是表语成分。Become为系动词,直接接表语。

参考译文:在19世纪20年代,物理教学成为哈佛大学和耶鲁大学的课程中的一部分。

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11、Pewter, _______ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin, which copper or bismuth added for hardness.

(A) was widely used

(B) widely used it

(C) widely used

(D) which widely used

key:C

分析:考点是状语成分。句子已完整,主语Pewter后的空格显然应是补充说明它。答案C。分词做状语。其实这是一个省略结构,完整的句子是:which was widely used for……。参考译文:白镴在美国的殖民地中广泛用于吃和喝的器具,它大约含90%的锡,其它成分则是用于增加硬度的铜或铋。

12、A moth possesses two pairs of wings _____ as single pair and are covered with dustlike scales.

(A)function

(B)are functioning

(C)that function

(D)but functions

key:C

分析:考点是定语从句。宾语wings后的空格显然是修饰说明它的。答案C。作为定语从句来修饰wings.

参考译文:一只蛾拥有两对翅膀它们的作用是可当作一对单独的翅膀,而且它们是被象尘状的鳞片所覆盖。

13、Soap operas, a type of television drama series, are so called because at first, they were ________.

(A) often which soap manufacturers sponsored

(B) sponsored often soap manufacturers

(C) often sponsored by soap manufacturers

(D) soap manufacturers often sponsored them

key:C

分析:考点是语序。because引导原因状语从句,从句中主语为they,分析句子结构可知空格处为从句的谓语。

参考译文:肥皂剧是电视连续剧的一种形式,它有如此的称谓是因为最初,连续剧是被肥皂生产商赞助的。

14、The Woolworth Building in New York was the highest in America when _______ in 1943 and was famous for its use of Gothic decorative detail.

(A) built

(B) it built

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(C) was built

(D) built it

key:A

分析:考点是状语从句省略结构。when引导时间状语从句,完整的句子应为when it was built. it was可省略。

参考译文:纽约的Woolworth大厦在1913年建成后在全美是最高的,它以使用哥特式装饰材料而闻名于世。

15、Humans, ________, interact through communicative behavior by means of signs or symbols used conventionally.

(A) like other animals

(B) how other animals

(C) other animals that

(D) do other animals

key:A

分析:考点是插入语。主语后的空格是修饰说明主语的成分,这个考点经常见到。

参考译文:人类象其它动物一样,通过普遍使用的符号或者是标志的交流性的行为来彼此沟通。

16、More and 90 percent of the calcium in the human body is in the skeleton.

A B C D

key:A

分析:考点是固定搭配。more than是”超过…”的意思

改正:and → than

参考译文:在人体内,90%多的钙是在骨骼内。

17.、Perhaps the most popular) film (in movie) history, Star Wars was written and (direction) by George Lucas.

key:D

分析:考点是平行结构。and前后的两个动词并列,written是被动语态故D也应改为被动语态。

改正:direction → directed

参考译文:在电影史上最流行的电影”星战”可能是由George Lucas编剧并导演的。

18、Some animal activities, such as mating, migration, and hibernate, have a yearly

A B C D cycle.

key:C

分析:考点是平行结构。and前后是三个名词的并列.

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改正:hibernate → hibernation

参考译文:一些动物的活动,如交配,迁移和冬眠的周期都是一年.

19、Geographers were once concerned largely with exploring areas unknown to them and

A B

from describing distinctive features of individual places.

C D

key:C

分析:考点仍然是平行结构。and前后是两个动名词的并列,from为多于成分。这个句子中值得注意的是be concerned with这个句型,表示一门知识或什么东西涉及到…..或者是与…有关。

改正:from →去掉from

参考译文:地理学者曾经非常热衷于探索对他们来说是未知的地区和描述特别地区的不同寻常的特征。

20、In his animated films, Walt Disney created animals that talk and act like people while

A B C

retaining its animal traits.

D

key:D

分析:考点是代词误用。前面的名词是animals,其所用的代词自然得用复数形式。

改正:its → their

参考译文:在Walt Disney的生动活泼的电影中,他创造的动物形相在保持它们动物的特性的同时也能象人类一样交谈和行动。

21、The first city in the United States that put into effect major plan for the clustering, of

A B C government buildings was Washington, D.C.

D

key:B

分析:考点是名词的单复数。首先注意的是put sth. into effect这个习语是”使…实施”的意思,而在这句话中sth使”major plan…buildings”,它太长了,所以为了句子的平衡起见,把它放到后面去。第二个值得注意的是plan这个词。plan是可数名词,若根据句意,可数名词是单数的话,前面要加冠词,不然的话就要用复数形式.因为这句话中major前没有不定冠词a,则应该用复数形式。

改正:plan → plans

参考译文:在美国,第一个把政府的办公大楼集中在一起的庞大计划实施的城市是华盛顿特区。

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22、In a microwave oven, radiation penetrates food and is then absorbed primarily by

A B

water molecules, caused heat to spread through the food.

C D

key:C

分析:考点是分词结构。同第8题。句子已经完整,主语是radiation,谓语是penetrate和is,则第二个逗号后面的分句应修饰说明前面的句子,可用causing分词形式或者是which caused…非限制性定语从句。

改正:caused → causing / 应该改为which cause

参考译文:在微波炉中,辐射线穿透食物后主要被水分子吸收,这样就使得食物的内部都被加热了。

23、The cultures early of the genus Homo were generally distinguished by regular use of

A B

stone tools and by a hunting and gathering economy.

C D

key:A

分析:考点是语序。应改为形容词+ 名词。

改正:cultures early → early cultures

参考译文:早期的Home的文化是以普遍使用石头为工具和打猎聚居的经济为其特征。

24、Dolphins are sleek and powerful swimmers that found in all seas and unlike porpoises

A B

have well defined, beaklike snouts and conical teeth.

C D

key:B

分析:考点是动词的语态。Swimmers是被在所有的海洋里面发现的。

改正:that found → that are found

参考译文:海豚是在所以的海域里发现的健壮的,有力的游泳高手,不像porpoise,它们有适合环境的象鸟嘴一样的喙和圆锥形的牙齿。

25、The velocity of a river is controlled by the slope, the depth, and the tough of the

A B C D

riverbed.

key:D

分析:考点仍然是平行结构。and前后三个名词并列。

改正:rough → roughness

参考译文:一条河的水流速率是由河床的斜度,深度和粗糙程度共同决定的。

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26、The phonograph record was the first successful medium for capturing, preservation

A B C

and reproducing sound.

D

key:C

分析:考点平行结构。and前后三个动名词并列。

改正:preservation → preserving

参考译文:留声机是第一个成功地获得,保存和复制声音的媒介。

27、Generally, the pattern of open space in urban areas has shaped by commercial

A B C

systems, governmental actions, and cultural traditions.

D

key:C

分析:考点是动词的语态。由by可知C应用被动语态。

改正:has shaped → has been shaped

参考译文:一般说来,城市的开阔地地面貌是由其商业系统,政府行为和文化传统所形成的。

28、A liquid that might be a poor conductor when pure is often used to make solutions that

A B C

readily transmits electricity.

D

key:D

分析:考点是主谓一致。that引导定语从句,solutions是复数形式,所以D应改为transmit。改正:transmits → transmit

参考译文:一种液体当它是纯净的时候或许是一种不好的导体,它常常被用来做易于导电的溶液.

29、The initial discovery by humans almost 10,000 years ago that they could exploit

A

metallic mineral deposits was an important milestone in the development civilization.

B C D

key:D

分析:考点是固定短语的用法。….的发展应该是the development of

改正:development civilization → development of civilization

参考译文:几乎在一万年前,人类的最初发现他们可以利用金属矿产在文明发展史上是一个伟大的里程碑。

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30、In 1989 Tillie Fowler a Republican, became the first member of her party to serving as

A B C president of the city council of Jacksonville, Florida.

D

key:B

分析:考点是动词不定式的用法。动词不定式,to后接动词原形。

改正:serving → serve

参考译文:在1989年,Tillie Fowler,一个共和党人,是共和党第一个当key:为Florida 州,Jacksonville市长的人员.

31、General anesthesia, which is usually used for major surgery, involves a complete loss

A B

of consciousness and a relaxed of the muscles.

C D

key:C

分析:考点是词的误用。Of 前面应该是名词。

改正:relaxed → relaxation

参考译文:全身麻醉一般是用于大型外科手术的,它是患者全身的知觉完全丧失,肌肉得到放松。

32、After first establishment subsistence farms along the Atlantic seaboard, European

A B

settlers in North America developed a maritime and shipbuilding industry.

B C

key:A

分析:考点是词的误用。形容词和名词都可以作为定语修饰其他名词。但是,如果一个词它有其形容词形式,则优先用形容词形式去修饰其他名词。

改正:establishment → establishing

参考译文:当沿着大西洋沿岸的第一个生活农场的建立后,在北美的欧洲定居者发展了海洋造船业。

33、The legs of a roadrunner are enough strong that it can run up to 24 kilometers per

A B C

hour to catch lizards and small rodents.

D

key:A

分析:考点固定搭配。是so.. that的用法.意思是”如此…以至”.还要一个值得注意的是enough的正确用法是:形容词+ enough; enough + 名词。

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改正:enough strong → so strong

参考译文:走鹃(一种生长在北美洲西南部能迅捷奔跑的鸟)的腿是如此的有力以至于它能每小时跑24千米去追逐蜥蜴和小啮齿目动物。

34、For the immune system of a newborn mammal to develop properly, the presence of

A B C

the thymus gland is essentially.

D

key:D

分析:考点是词性的误用。副词不能做表语,应该是形容词形式。

改正:essentially → essential

参考译文:为了一个新生儿的免疫系统可以正常地发展,胸腺的存在是至关重要的。

35、Physicians working in the field of public health are mainly concerned with the

A B

environmental causes of ill and how to eliminate them.

C D

key:C

分析:考点是介词的用法。介词宾语只能由名词做宾语。

改正:ill → illness

参考译文:工作在大众卫生领域的医生非常关心引起疾病的环境因素和怎么样才能消除它们。

36、By 1850, immigration from distance shores, as well as migration from the countryside,

A B

had caused New York City’s population to swell.

C D

key:A

分析:考点是词性的误用。放在前面修饰名词的优先是形容词,然后才是名词。

改正:distance → distant

参考译文:到了1850年,来在遥远海岸的人口的迁移和来自农村的移民引起了纽约市的人口的膨胀。

37、By identifying similar words or structures in different languages, we find evidence that

A

those languages are related and may be derived from same ancestor.

B C D

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key:D

分析:考点是固定用法。记住same前面是要有定冠词the的。

改正:from same → from the same

参考译文:通过鉴别不同语言里面的相似词组和结构,我们发现了一些证据,那就是这些语言是有关联的而且它们可能是来自同一个祖先语言。

38、Astronomers use photography and sighting telescopes to study the motions of all of

A B C the bright stars and many of the faint one.

D

key:D

分析:考点是many of后面加复数名词.

改正:one → ones

参考译文:宇航员用摄影的方法和瞄准镜去观察所有的明亮的星星也观察大部分模糊的星星.

39、In the nineteenth century a number of Native American tribe, such as the Comanche,

A B

lived a nomadic existence hunting buffalo.

C D

key:A

分析:考点是名词单复数。a number of后接复数名词。

改正:tribe → tribes

参考译文:在19世纪的大部分北美的部落里,例如科曼奇族,过着一种以打猎野牛为生的生活.

40、The average elevation of West Virginia is about 1,500 foot above sea level.

A B C D

key:C

分析:考点是名词单复数。在大于1的数词后面,名词得用其复数形式。

改正:foot → feet

参考译文:West Virginia州的平均海拔是1,500英尺。

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2005年01月老托福语法全真题及答案

更多试卷下载请访问:https://www.360docs.net/doc/2214839517.html,/ 2005年01月托福语法全真题及答案 2005年01月语法题【改错部分】 1-15、选择部分省略 16. In the eighteenth century, quilting became a common technique in the American colonies for make of coverlets sewed in floral and geometric designs. 答案:C->改为making 测试点:介词+宾语 分析:for doing sth 为了作某事,介词for后面不能接动词原型make,需要改成doing。 参考译文:在18世纪的时候,在被子上面绣花变成了一种常见的技术,用来在床罩上面绣花和几何图案。 除外。 18. Centrifuges are widely use to separate liquids having different densities or to separate solids from 参考译文:分液漏斗广泛用于吧不同密度的液体分开或者把固体和液体分开。 19. There is ample evidence of that about 700 million years ago, glaciers reached well into what are now tropical regions. 答案:B->改为that 测试点:定语从句 分析:定语从句的连接词that前面多了of,of只能出现在which前面

参考译文:有足够的证据表明,在7亿年前,冰山深入到达过现在的热带地区。 20. Mathematics is a tool that can help solve problems and lead to new developments in other fields, such as space flight, medical, and architecture. 答案:D->改为medicine 测试点:词性 分析:such as 后面接并列的形式,flight, architecture都是名次,medical是形容词,错误,改为medicine 参考译文:数学是用来帮助解决问题的工具,在其他领域可以带来新发展,比如飞行,医药和建筑。 21. The meter of the English poetry is determined by accented syllables rather by the quantities of vowels. 答案:C->改为rather than by 测试点:固定搭配 分析:并列结构by sth rather than by sth,后面的by可以省 参考译文:英语诗歌的节拍是由重读的音节决定的而不是由元音的数量决定的。 22. In the nineteenth-century United States, it was assumed that growth, change, and progressive derived mainly from individual effort and competition. 答案:B->改为progress 测试点:词性 分析:groth, change and______三个名次才能并列,progressive是形容词,词性不对 参考译文:在19世纪的美国,成长,改变和发展被认为是主要来源于个人的努力和竞争。 23. Swelling of the mucous membranes, cause by irritants, allergies, or infections, may block the nasal passages, making breathing difficult. 答案:A->改为caused 测试点:过去分词修饰 分析:句子的主谓分别是swell may block,中间的部分cause没有和may block用连词连接,说明是修饰成分,再看到by说明是被动,所以修改为caused by;making 是现在分词结构修饰动词谓语,没有错误。 参考译文:由刺激、过敏、或者感染带来的粘膜的肿大,可能阻塞鼻子内部的通道,带来呼吸困难。

TOEFL Junior语法题小托福语言形式与含义

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