Writing skills(本学期写作范文参考)

以下是我们本学期学过的writing skills，大家也都根据要求做了相应的写作练习。在此做了一个总结，并附上范文，希望对大家考试的写作有所帮助。

Writing Skill One

How to Develop an English Paragraph in Cause and Effect Pattern

A cause and effect paragraph generally follows a basic format. That is, it begins with a topic sentence and this sentence is followed by specific supporting details. For example, if the topic sentence introduces an effect, the supporting sentences all describe causes, and vice versa

W ords and Phrases That May Be Used in a Cause and Effect Pragraph

Here are some common words and phrases that can be used in a cause and effect paragraph:

since as a result because of + noun phrase

because therefore due to + noun phrase

consequently for this reason so

（我们当时讲了Cause and Effect Pattern，写作练习是一篇有关personality的文章。这里给出一篇其他主题的范文，主要看看如何运用这种写作模式。）Write a Paragraph as Required

Directions: Please write a paragraph on the topic Why Is Sb. in Good Health?Y our paragraph should be written in cause and effect pattern, including a topic

sentence, developing sentences and a concluding sentence.

Sample Writing

There are several possible reasons why my father is in good health, even though he is over eighty years of age. For one thing, he is now in good condition because he has stopped smoking cigarettes. He quit smoking cigarettes because whenever he climbed stairs he would invariably stop several times and cough loudly. For another, his good health is also due to his cutting down on the wrong kinds of foods. For example, he used to eat fatty red meat and deep-fried dishes several times a week, but nowadays he seldom does so. What’s more, he is also in good shape as a result of his devotion to exercise. He swims three times a week at the local natatorium, and on sunny days he prefers to walk home rather than take the bus. Thus, my father is in

better shape than some of his children are!

Writing Skill Two

How to Develop an English Paragraph by Listing

A paragraph can be developed by listing, which, through a list of reasons, facts, ideas or even possibilities, illustrates or supports a general statement of a paragraph. The points should be listed according to the sequence of time and space and/or the degree of importance of the ideas.

The transitional words frequently used in listing are: for one thing, for another, finally, besides, moreover, one another, still another, first, second, also, etc.

Write a Paragraph as Required

Directions: Write a paragraph with the title The Unbright Side of City Life, which should be developed by listing.

Sample Writing

In the eyes of many people, city life is attractive with all its advantages and convenience, yet they don't see the other side of the picture. First, with the expansion of the city, housing has become a serious problem for city people. Then, there is the problem of pollution: harmful gases from vehicles and poisonous water from factories pollute our surroundings; noise continually disturbs your peace and rest and drives you mad. Thirdly, modern city life puts a high pressure upon people; you have to hurry to and from work; you have to dodge (闪躲) in so as to avoid bumping into the flood of people, bicycles, cars, buses…; all day long you are under great stress. Fourthly, big cities also cause some social problems, of which high crime rate is the most serious one. People are justifiably in fear of becoming victims of burglary, robbery, murder and other crimes at any time. People living a city life have to thus find some ways to cope with all these problems.

Writing Skill Three

How to Develop a Paragraph by Comparison and Contrast Developing a paragraph by comparison and/or contrast involves comparing and contrasting two subjects. A comparison shows how two things are alike. A contrast shows how two things are different.

A comparison/contrast paragraph usually follows one of these two patterns: the subject-by-subject pattern or the point-by-point pattern.

In the subject-by-subject pattern, the writer discusses the various aspects of one item before going to the other. While in the point-by-point pattern, the writer discusses both items under each of the various aspects compared/contrasted.

Write a Paragraph as Required

Directions: Write a comparison paragraph based on the topic ?Winners and Losers;

this paragraph will be organized in the subject-by-subject pattern. Sample Writing

It is easy to be a winner. A winner can show his joy publicly. He can laugh, sing and dance to celebrate his victory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlike winners, however, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers cannot show their disappointment publicly. They cannot cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but they must be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadness. Writing Skill Four

How to Develop a Paragraph in Problem-Solution Pattern The problem-solution pattern（解题法）is one of the most common patterns we adopt to develop a paragraph. It is especially useful in persuasive argumentations where you want to convince the readers that a problem exists and that your solution would solve, or at least alleviate, the problem. A paragraph in problem-solution pattern often starts by identifying a particular situation and then poses the problem (or problems)（提出问题）. Afterwards it proposes one or more solutions to cope with the problem (or problems)（解决问题）. In some cases, there may be an evaluation or comment on the solution (or solutions)（评价解决问题的方法）in the end of the paragraph.

Write a Paragraph as Required

Directions: Please choose a problem (or problems) for your own writing. Develop a

short paragraph with the problem-solution pattern. The following are a

few examples of the problems you might consider.

great pressure in life

global pollution

endangered species

natural disasters

misunderstanding between you and your parents / friends

problems with the canteen

Sample Writing

Great Pressure in Life

At present, more and more people are under great pressure in China. Heavy work demands and intense competition have piled enormous pressure on the individuals at different ages from all walks of life. (Problem)To cope with the huge pressure properly and effectively, people can begin with selecting a proper way for relaxation, such as doing some sports, listening to their favorite music, or pampering（纵容）themselves with a long warm bath. (Solution 1)Second, the over-high expectations leading to the strong strain must be lowered. (Solution 2)Third, people can make some new friends or chat with close friends so as to reduce the stress. (Solution 3) All of these can help people alleviate pressure in life to some extent. (Evaluation)