【英语】英语语法非谓语动词归纳总结

【英语】英语语法非谓语动词归纳总结
【英语】英语语法非谓语动词归纳总结

【英语】英语语法非谓语动词归纳总结

一、单项选择非谓语动词

1.127.Everything ______ into due consideration, she eventually decided to further her education at home.

A.having taken B.to be taken C.being taken D.taken

【答案】D

【解析】考查过去分词的独立主格结构。句意:考虑到一切,她最终决定继续在家接受教育。因为本题逗号前后没有连词,所以逗号前面不能是句子。故使用独立主格结构。因为everything与take into consideration构成被动关系,故使用过去分词的形式。故D正确。【名师点睛】独立主格结构可以与状语从句互换。本句="After" everything was taken into consideration.

独立主格结构,是由“名词或代词+现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语或副词短语”构成的一种独立结构。在该结构中,名词或代词与其后的部分构成逻辑上的主谓关系,用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。在句中作状语,表示“时间、条件、原因、伴随,方式或结果”等含义。其位置比较灵活,放于句首句末均可。

1. 名词(代词)+现在分词

The clock striking twelve, I went to bed.(表原因)

2. 名词(代词)+过去分词

He lay there on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast.(表伴随)

3. 名词(代词)+不定式

Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.(表伴随)

4. 名词(代词)+形容词短语

Her face pale with anger, she rose to go away.(表原因)

5. 名词(代词)+介词短语

Then, last night, I followed him here and climbed in, sword in hand.(表方式)

6. 名词(代词)+副词短语

Summer over, the students returned to school.(表原因)

7. 名词(代词)+名词短语

His first shot a failure, Tom fired again.(表原因)

2.Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house.

A.lead B.leading

C.led D.to lead

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意:看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知,这是个there be 句型,因此,此处用非谓语动词,path与lead是主动关系,因此用现在分词,故选B。

3.At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ________ in a small apartment near Boston and

__________what to do about his future.

A.living; wondering B.lived; wondering

C.lived; wondered D.living; wondered

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:现在分词做伴随状语,At the age of 29,D was a worker.这是完整句子,所以后面要用分词结构. 有and,显然是两个并列分词. 主要注意用现在分词,现在分词的主语就是主句的主语,它们之间的关系是主动关系。用现在分词做状语,DAVE在29岁时是一名工人,住在一间小公寓里,不知道未来会如何。选A。

考点:考查现在分词做状语

点评:现在分词还是过去分词做状语主要取决于动词和逻辑主语的关系:如果动词和逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词,如果动词和逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词。

4.With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad

A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.to have bought

【答案】B

【解析】

句意:父亲节将要到来, 为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。题干中空格划在名词后, 但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明, 而是说明取钱的目的, 因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语, 非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的, 因此选择B

5.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.

A.is made B.would make

C.was to be made D.had made

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:考查时态。句义:在澳大利亚的黄金的发现让成千上万的人相信要发财了。A. I made 一般过去时B. would make过去将来时C. was to be made 表过去将来且命中注定D. had made 过去完成时,根据句义是过去完成时,所以AD不对,根据题干黄金的发现所以注定要发财,所以C正确。

考点:考查时态。

6.Today there are more airplanes____ more people than ever before in the skies.

A.carry B.carrying

C.carried D.to be carrying

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:考查现在分词作定语。句意:现在比以前有有更多的飞机运送乘客。此处airplane和carrying之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故选B。

考点:考查现在分词作定语

【名师点睛】非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语airplanes与动词carry构成逻辑上的主动关系,因此用v.-ing形式作定语。

7.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ________.

A.to be heard B.to have heard

C.hearing D.being heard

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查不定式的被动语态形式。句意:孩子们在饭桌旁如此大声地说话,以致于我不得不努力使得自己被听到。“struggle to do sth”意思是努力做某事;“hear”和其逻辑主语“I”之间是被动关系,故用不定式的被动形式。故选A。

8.Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures, some ________ a life span of around 20 years. A.having B.had C.have D.to have

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:蝙蝠是一种寿命很长的动物,有的寿命约为20年。根据与前面句子是逗号连接,没有连词,故判断后一句使用独立主格结构,空格处用非谓语动词,逻辑主语some与have是主谓关系,故要用v-ing形式,故选A。

9.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _with students.

A.working B.work

C.to work D.worked

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查动名词。句意:我在海上航行和现在和学生一起工作一样快乐。分析句子可知,have fun doing sth.做某事很开心,as I now do working with students补充完整为as I now have fun working with students。故选A。

10.The sign on the wall of the library says, “No magazine is allowed out of the reading room”. A.being taken B.to take

C.to be taken D.taking

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意:图书馆墙上的牌子上写着:“杂志不允许带出阅览室。”be allowed to do“被允许做”。根据句意可知,此处应使用被动式。故C选项正确。

11.The message is very important, so it is supposed _______ as soon as possible.

A.to be sent B.to send C.being sent D.sending

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查固定搭配。句意:这则信息非常重要,因此它应该被尽快地传达到。be supposed to do sth.表示“理应做某事”,是习惯搭配,而且send和the message 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故使用被动语态形式。故选A。

12.(四川)Little Tom sat ________watching the monkey dancing in front of him. A.amaze B.amazing

C.amazed D.to amaze

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查形容词作状语。句意:小汤姆坐在那里惊讶地看着猴子在他面前跳舞。amazed感到惊讶的,修饰人,此处作伴随状语,表状态。本题主要考查B、C之间的区别,选项B意为:令人吃惊的,常修饰物;而选项C意为:感到吃惊的,常修饰人。故选C。

13.(北京)___________the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A.Catching B.Caught

C.To catch D.Catch

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意:为了赶上早班的飞机,我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we,空中用不定式作目的状语,表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。【名师点睛】

此题应抓住逻辑主语与从句的关系,然后从句意中看出句子中缺少的成份,可以知道这里用不定式做目的状语,意思是“为了…”,学生需要注意非谓语动词中现在分词、过去分词、不定式和各种动词在句子中做的成份,才可以做好此类题。

14.______ to as much English as possible is a good way to learn English well.

A.Exposed B.Being exposed C.Having exposed D.To expose

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:尽可能多的接触英语是学好英语的很好的办法。这里is是谓语,前面是主语,应该用动名词,而且be exposed to“暴露于,接触”,所以选B。

考点:考查动名词做主语

15.(北京)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.

A.ranging B.range

C.to range D.ranged

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:国家公园有许多的野生动物,包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系,用现在分词,故选A。

考点:考查非谓语动词。

[名师点睛]

现在分词和过去分词的区别:

在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义;

在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。

如:falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶

分词的作用

作定语

单个分词作定语,分词前置。如:

The sleeping boy is my son.

The excited people rushed into the building.

分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分词如give,left等作定语也后置。如:

The girl standing under the tree is my niece.

The building built last year is our library.

过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists

现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.

As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)

Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.

Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).

Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)

He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)

He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)

注意:

选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出,分词就用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。试比较:

(Being)Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。

分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致,如果不一致,就用独立主格结构,即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。

作表语

现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征,过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如:The film is touching.

The glass is broken.

作宾语补足语

分词和不定式一样,在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如:

I smell something burning.

I heard him singing the song.

I heard my name called.

作插入语

其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。

generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到

strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断

all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如:Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。

Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。

16.The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already __________ for a meal to be cooked.

A.laid B.laying

C.to lay D.being laid

【答案】A

with + 宾语 + 动词-ing 形式(即现在分词)表示动词 -ing 形式表示动作正在发生;with + 宾语 + 动词不定式表示一个动作过程或即将发生的动作;with + 宾语 + 过去分词表达被动含义。句意:客厅干净而整洁,餐桌已经为要做的饭准备好了。选A。

考点:考查非谓语动词。

17.Workers have been working through the night ________ the bridge safe.

A.made B.to make

C.being made D.having made

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了使桥安全工人们整夜地工作。此处用动词不定式作目的状语,故选B。

18.Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of.

A.found B.finding

C.having found D.to find

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式,指上网的目的。故选D。

19."We can't go out in this weather, "said Bob, _____ out of the window.

A.looking B.to look

C.looked D.having looked

【答案】A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查现在分词做状语。句意:Bob看着窗外说:“这样的天气我们不能出去”。本句中look 与said是同时进行,we与look之间构成主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。故选A。

20.Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _____the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.

A.Attend B.To attend C.Attending D.Having attended 【答案】C

【解析】

主句 .Distinguished guests and friends are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning非谓语动词作伴随状语。

21.After a decade or so, out of choices, he returned to where he’d begun, ashamed at having so little to show for his wanderings.

A.being run B.running

C.to run D.having run

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查现在分词。句意:大约十年后,在没有选择的情况下,他回到了他开始的地方,为自己的拼搏没有什么收获而感到羞愧。run out of “用光,耗尽” 与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。故D 选项正确。

【点睛】

非谓语动词是考试考查的重点,要掌握它的用法。首先,要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次,要知道非谓语动词的三种形式:现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。再次,要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生,还是将要发生。其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要。

分析句子可知,本句的主语为he,谓语为returned, run out of “用光,耗尽”为非谓语与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return的之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。故D选项正确。

22.The recent financial crisis into account, the Japanese boss back on the number of employees working for him.

A.taking; cuts B.was taken; cut

C.taken; cut D.to take; cutting

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查过去分词和一般过去时。句意:考虑到最近的金融危机,日本老板削减了为他工作的员工人数。分析句子可知,本句为一般过去时,主语为故the Japanese boss ,谓语为cut。The recent financial crisis 与take在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词。C选项正确。

23.The study, from academics at Harvard, claims __________ the first clear evidence showing that when temperatures go up, school performance goes down.

A.to have produced B.to produce

C.producing D.being produced

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意:这项来自哈佛大学学者的研究声称,它首次提供了明确的证据,表明气温上升时,在校表现会下降。claim to表示“声称做……”,而且produce这个动作发生在claims之前,故A项正确。

24.________ nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.

A.Having spent B.To spend

C.Spent D.To have spent

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意:已经花完了几乎所有的钱,我们无法支付住宾馆的费用。动词不定式表将来和目的,根据句意可知,“花钱”的动作发生在过去,排除B、D;过去分词表完成和被动,we与spend是主谓关系,应该用现在分词,排除C;当两个动作有先后关系时,用现在分词的完成式,现在分词的完成式在本句相当于because we have spent nearly all our money,表原因。故选A。

25.By no means ________ when we try to create a global brand.

A.the cultural factor is to neglect

B.is the cultural factor to neglect

C.the cultural factor is to be neglected

D.is the cultural factor to be neglected

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查倒装句型及语态。句意:在打造国际品牌的过程中,文化因素绝对不容忽视。By no means“绝不”位于句首时,后面需要部分倒装,因此将is提前;文化因素是被忽略的,应用被动语态。故选D。

26.(天津)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________. A.taking B.taken

C.being taken D.take

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。

点睛:本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候,首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分,找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语,再分析二者之间的关系,最后根据句意选择正确的答案。

27.The next thing he saw was smoke ________ from behind the house.

A.rose B.rising

C.to rise D.risen

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:他看到的下一件事是从房子后面冒出烟来。作定语时,过去分词表示发生过的被动的动作,和所修饰词是动宾关系。现在分词表示正在发生的伴随性的动作,和所修饰词是主谓关系。不定式表示具体的将要发生的动作。根据题意,他看的的第二件事物是从房后升起的烟。rise的逻辑主语为smoke,是主动关系,用现在分词,故选B。

28.It is said that ________ to cla ssic music may be helpful in improving teenagers’ taste. A.exposed B.exposing C.being exposed D.having exposed 【答案】C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意:据说接触古典音乐对提高青少年的品味是有帮助的。分析句子可知,从句中的主语是________ to classic music,作主语用动名词短语,expose与逻辑主语teenagers是被动关系,故用动名词的被动式,故选C。

29.The purpose of the new plan is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.

A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。句意:新计划的目的是使生活更容易,而不是使生活更困难。not to make it more difficult是与to make it easier形成对比的否定结构,两者在句中作表语。故选B。

30.He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched.

A.left B.to leave

C.leaving D.having left

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意:他起晚了,没有吃早饭就匆忙赶往办公室。he与leave是主谓关系,即他让......处于某种状态,应该用现在分词表伴随状况,排除A、B;“hurried”和“leaving”两个动作是同时发生的,当两个动作有时间先后关系时,需要使用现在分词的完成式,排除D;leave the breakfast untouched没有动早餐,故选C。

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