9_13长对话

长对话

长对话是四级考试听力中新增加的题型，这部分可能也是大家最感兴趣的地方。现在先来了解长对话部分的相关内容和基本解题要领。构成一般由两组长对话组成，每组对话后有三到四个问题，总共有七个题目。对话只读一遍，要求考生听完后就问题做出选择。特点信息量大，内容和句子比起短对话部分更长、更复杂。考查内容测试考生在语篇水平上的理解能力；对考生的概念理解、信息组织和重点、记忆等能力有较高的要求。

考试题型比例较大的客观题型（对文中的事实、细节以wh-question 和how-question 进行明示性提问）和比例较小的主观题型（总结全文中心大意或对文章及作者的态度做出合理推断）。

解题要领

1）先看选项，预测内容及问题。

2 ）抓住对话开头部分，理解对话内容核心。

3）扼要记录，以助辨认事实。

4 ）抓住对话结尾部分，弄清对话结果。

5）运用常识，做出合理推断。

6）听清问题，避免“答非所问”。

第七讲．学会听前读题并预测内容与问题

听前读题是听力考试中非常重要的一个环节。通过快速阅读听力试题所提供的备选答案，可以预测对话的基本内容和可能要问的问题，从而降低听力的难度，并提高听的过程中的针对性，达到提高做题的正确率的目的。

读题的方式有两种，根据备选答案的长短可分为竖直读法和水平读法。选项较长的我们可以采取竖直读题法，即先竖着读四个选项的主语部分并比较其异同，再读其谓语部分并比较其异同，直至读完所有部分。其目的之一是可以节约读题时间，最重要的是要通过对比找出选项的相同之处和不同之处。相同之处是指出现频率较高的词或其同义词或相关联的词，也是对话中一定会出现的部分，据此推测对话内容。不同之处则是要重点听的地方，是要问的问题，是考点，也是关键之所在。对于选项较短的可采取水平读题法，即每个选项都横着逐字去读，找出四个选项的共性，比如四个时间，四个地点，等等，并据此推测要问的问题是什么，并根据推测的问题和选项提供的答案联想相关语言，如时间的读法等等，在听的过程中有目的地去寻找关键词，最后根据实际问题选出正确答案。

由于每个长对话后有三或四个问题，那么每个问题间也应有所联系，所以在实际的读题过程中，可以不仅仅拘泥于某一个问题的备选答案的内容，可以把所有这些问题答案都联系起来读，把竖直读题法和水平读题法加以综合应用。在解题的过程中，更应综合考虑题目之间的联系，从而更有利于选出正确答案。

19. What’s the woman’s main purpose of visiting Quebec?

A.To go boating on the St. Lawrence River.

B.To go sightseeing in Quebec Province.

C.To call on a friend in Quebec City.

D.To attend a wedding in Montreal.

20. What does the man advise the woman to do before the trip?

A. Study the map of Quebec Province.

B. Find more about Quebec City.

C. Brush up on her French.

D. Learn more about the local customs.

21. What does the man say about Quebec City?

A.It’s most beautiful in summer.

B.It has many historical buildings.

C.It was greatly expanded in the 18th century.

D.It’s the only French speaking city in Canada.

22. What do we learn from the conversation about Ms. Rowling’s first book?

A.It was about a little animal.

B.It took her six years to write.

C.It was adapted from a fairy tale.

D.It was about a little girl and her pet.

23. Why does Ms. Rowling consider herself very lucky?

A. She knows how to write best-selling novels.

B. B.She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.

C. She is able to win enough support from publishers.

D. She can make a living by doing what she likes.

24. What dictates Ms. Rowling’s writing?

A. The characters.

B. The readers.

C. Her ideas.

D. Her life experiences.

25. According to Ms. Rowling, where did she get the ideas for the Harry Potter books?

A.She doesn’t really know where they originated.

B.She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.

C.They popped out of her childhood dreams.

D.They grew out of her long hours of thinking.

快速浏览下面的题目，对磁带上将要播放的内容先有个大概的预测，然后听录音。Conversation 1

Questions 1 to 3 are based on the long conversation you have just heard.

1 A. Mary put the wallet in her handbag. B. Mary put the wallet at the office.

C. Mary put the wallet in her own ro om.

D. Mary put the wallet at the student’s union.

2 A. He always leaves his possessions in the office.

B. He always puts his possessions back in the same place.

C. He always imagines what the place looks like.

D. He always keeps his possessions with him.

3 A. She’s missing. B. She keeps getting lost.

C. She can’t remember the incident.

D. She can’t get organized.

Conversation 2

Questions 4 to 7 are based on the passage you have just heard.

4 A. To apply for a student loan. B.To discuss a decision he has to make.

C. To ask for a letter of recommendation.

D.To find out which colleges accepted him.

5 A.The laboratories are not well equipped. B.The classes are too large.

C. It’s too expensive.

D. It’s too far away from home.

6 A. It has a beautiful campus. B. Professors regularly publish their results.

C. It’s in an urban setting.

D. Faculty members interact with st udents.

7 A. To investigate borrowing money for college. B. To choose a new major.

C. To accept an internship at the state university.

D. To look for a job as a biologist.

注释

Conversation 1

misplace vt. 放错地方looked for 寻找handbag n. 手提包incident n. 事件visualize vt. 想象mess n. 脏乱，一塌糊涂get lost in it herself 在里面把自己弄丢了put things in order 归置好

Conversation 2

reputation n.名誉，名声internship n. 〈美〉实习医师，实习医师期senior n.大学的四年级学生section n.部分，部件，节graduate n.(大学)毕业生，研究生faculty n.才能，本领，全体教员，(大学的) 系look into 窥视，浏览，观察，调查

第八讲．学会概括主旨大意

主旨题即问对话的主要内容是什么，或对话中人们在主要在谈论或讨论什么，也是对话的核心内容。主要提问方式有：

What are the two people are mainly talking/discussing about？

What’s the conversat ion mainly about?

我们先来看一下长对话的特点。它在长度和篇幅上接近四级听力考试中的短文理解，而在语言上又具备口语的重复性和不确定性。也就是说在长对话中一些词会反复出现，而对话的过程也是人思考的过程，所也它的语言不会象短文的书面语那样确切，一次到位，可能需要反复几次才能明确表达要表达的意思。既然对话是用语言来表达思想，那么它的表达方式应与人的逻辑思维方式有关。人的逻辑思维方式一般可分为四种：开门见山式，即开头就是主题；画龙点睛或篇末点题式，即结尾概括主题；前后呼应式，即开头结尾都是主题；形散神不散式，即围绕主题展开，但没有特别概括的主题句。知道了这些知识，在做主旨题的时候就会做到心中有数了，知道要特别注意对话的开头和结尾部分，往往是对话的核心所在。若对话中没有特别概括的主题句，那么就要注意备选答案中和对话中出现频率较高的词或意思相关联的词，它们往往与对话的主要内容有关，或者这些词本身就是对话的核心内容之所在。有时，对话的主要内容还可以通过其它选项的问题来加以确定。如果一个对话有几个问题都是围绕着一个主题展开的，那么这个主题也就是对话的主旨了，即使不听对话的内容，答案也能正确选出来。快速浏览下面的题目，对磁带上将要播放的内容先有个大概的预测，然后听录音，要特别注意中心词句容易出现的地方和对话中反复出现的词以及问题本身。Conversation 1

Questions 1 to 3 are based on the long conversation you have just heard.

1 A. A captain. B. A movie. C. A blanket. D. A story.

2 A. Absurd. B. Fantastic. C. Exciting. D. Boring.

3 A. Comedy. B. Science fiction. C. Western. D. Tragedy.

Conversation 2

Questions 4 to 7 are based on the passage you have just heard.

4 A. How to care for precious metals. B. A standard unit for measuring weight.

C. The value of precious metals.

D. Using the metric system.

5 A. Check the accuracy of scales. B. Calculate the density of other metals.

C. Observe changes in the atmosphere.

D. Measure amounts of rainfall.

6 A. Someone spilled water on it. B. Someone lost it.

C.It was made of low quality metal.

D. The standard for measuring had changed.

7 A. It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal.

B. It is difficult to judge the value of such an object.

C. It is reasonable for an object with such an important function.

D. It is too high for such a light weight.

注释

Conversation 1

doze off 打瞌睡odd adj. 古怪的believable adj.可信的navigate vi.航行, 航海, 航空vt.航行于，驾驶，操纵encounters a race of frog people 遇到蛙人fantastic adj.幻想的，奇异的，荒谬的，空想的marvelous adj. 引起惊异的，不可思议的，非凡的hairdo n. 〈美〉（好）发型，发式photography n.摄影，摄影术fake n.假货，欺骗adj.假的vt.伪造，赝造vi.伪装snore v.打鼾，打着鼾渡过(时间) n.打鼾，鼾声Conversation 2

weight n.重力，重量，砝码the new official standard weight 新的官方的标准砝码purchase vt./n. 买，购买It’s our responsibility to see that all the scales measure a kilogram accurately so this is the way we use to adjust the scales. 我们要负责确保称量公斤的天平准确，所以我们用这种方法调节天平。moisture n.潮湿，湿气humid adj.充满潮湿的，湿润的，多湿气的variation n.变更，变化，变异monitor vt.监控

第九讲．学会细节题的寻找和推理

在长对话的测试中，有很大一部分是细节题。这些细节题有的是可以直接在听的过程中听到答案，有的则需要根据对话内容进行简单的推理。它兼俱短对话和短文的问题的类型。细节题的答案一般按照顺序原则在对话中出现，即先问的问题往往先出现，后问的问题一般后出现。

在做这类题目时，要特别注意听前的读题，对内容和问题的预测往往能帮助我们在听的过程中捕捉到信息的关键词之所在，即答案之所在。如通过读题预测要听的信息如天气有关，那么在听到有关天气的词语时就要特别注意，因问答案就要出现了。而有时仅仅从原文中还不能直接找到答案，比如问题是天气将会变得怎样，而听到的先是cold，然后说将变得even worse，想一想，简单推理，天气应该是变得更冷，这样对照选项，就不难找到正确答案了。做这一类题目时，还要特别注意提问的具体问题是什么。我们可以通过听前读备选答案预测可能要问的问题，比如时间，地点，等等，但是不能精确预测问题要问的是哪个事件的时间，哪个事件发生的地点。有时四个选项所提供的信息可能在长对话中都会出现，但是只有一个能够回答题。这就要求我们不但要善于捕捉对话中出现的信息，还要综合问题加以分析，这样才能选出正确答案来。

Conversation 1

Questions 1 to 3 are based on the long conversation you have just heard.

1 A. It has so many buildings. B. It’s so large.

C. It’s so hard to get familiar with.

D. It takes time to get around.

2 A. They are trying to work out the layout of the campus.

B. They are trying to locate the Darwin Building on the map.

C. They are going to attend their biology class.

D. They are talking about their first impression of the university.

3 A. 10:00 B.10:45 C. 10:15 D. 10:30

Conversation 2

Questions 4 to 7 are based on the long conversation you have just heard.

4 A. Read newspapers from Chicago. B. Turned on the computer.

C. Checked his e-mail.

D. Went to his office.

5 A. She lives in San Francisco. B. She is going to celebrate her birthday.

C.She will go to the station to meet his brother.

D. She works in Chicago.

6 A. His sister told him. B. His father sent him the message.

C. He got the news from his brother.

D. He read it from the newspaper.

7 A. At the man’s home. B. In the man’s office.

C. At the airline reservation agency.

D. At an Internet site.

注释

Conversation 1

campus n. 校园work out 情况是…，结果是…actually adv. 事实上overwhelmed adj. 陷入…之中的biology class n. 生物课schedule n. 课程表the Darwin Building 达尔文楼

that woman sitting on the bench 坐在长凳上的那位女士

She seems to know her way around here. 她看上去好像对她周围很熟悉。

the East Dormitory 东宿舍楼Science Library 理科图书馆

follow the path 沿着小路走

Then take the left-hand path and follow it to the end.沿左边的小路走到尽头。

It leads straight to the Darwin Building.它一直通到达尔文楼。

Conversation 2

the Internet 英特网，国际互联网the World Wide Web 环球网turn on the computer 打开电脑Chicago n. 芝加哥（城市名）amazing a. 令人惊异的San Francisco 旧金山（城市名）Hong Kong 香港（城市名）an electronic birthday card 电子贺卡fantastic a.奇异的I checked an airline reservation service. 我查阅航班预定服务。

picked a flight 选择航班pick me up at the airport 在机场接我video footage 视频，录像video images 录像图像absolutely adv. 绝对地

第十讲．学会分析问题之间的联系和背景知识的综合应用在听力的测试过程中，没听清、没听懂或漏掉一些关键的信息是常有的事。对于长对

话这种题型在这种情况下，单凭主观的猜想去选择答案，正确率往往不太高。那么我们应该怎么办？注意，由于每个长对话的问题有三到四个，那么这几个问题之间和问题的答案之间或多或少会有一些联系。这些联系有的不太明显，但有的通过分析这种联系就会变得清晰起来，并给我们一些暗示，对我们的解题会起到很大的帮助。其实在我们前几天的练习中已经在使用这种技巧了，想起来了么？比如根据对话后的问题本身来判断对话的主旨大意？

另外，自己平时的各方面知识的积累在解题时也能起到很大的作用。在听对话的过程中，对话中出现的一些词语、语句等会把大脑长期记忆（long term memory ）中已存的passive information 激活，成为active information，和你正在听到的信息一起帮助你理解整个对话。这样，即使听的过程中没有完全把握个对话内容，那么根据自己的常识也能做出正确的选择。

Conversation 1

Questions 1 to 3 are based on the long conversation you have just heard.

1A. Go to summer school. B. Take a vacation.

C. Stay at home.

D. Earn some money.

2A. They hired someone to stay in their home. B. They left their pets with their neighbors.

C. They rented their house to a student.

D. They asked their gardener to watch their home. 3A. Walking the dog. B. Cutting the grass. C. Watching the children. D. Feeding the fish.

4A. They attend a house sitter’s party. B. They check a house sitter’s references.

C. They interview the house sitter’s friends.

D. They look at a house sitter’s transcript.

Conversation 2

Questions 4 to 7 are based on the long conversation you have just heard.

4 A. It was the wrong size. B. The fabric was coming apart.

C. It shrank a lot.

D. It was the wrong color.

5A.Give him a discount. B.Exchange the item.

C.Give him store credit.

D.Return his money.

6A. The man didn’t follow the washing instructions. B. It’s a clearance item.

C. It’s more than six days.

D. The man washed it.

7A. The store clerk eventually gave the customer a refund.

B. The customer was able to exchange the item.

C. The customer left the store without the item.

D. The customer accepted a store credit.

Conversation 1

I can’t afford to just sit around.我不能只是闲坐着。available adj. 可得到的，可利用的house-sit 帮人照看房子went away on vacation 去度假houseplants n. 家里养的植物baby-sitting 帮人照看孩子a few jobs posted 几份张贴出来的工作fill out an application 填申请表Margaret and Eric had to interview with the

homeowners and provide three references each. Margaret 和Eric 要和雇主进行面试，并且每人要提供三份介绍信. guarantee n. 保证throw wild parties 举办狂欢晚会make a fuss 表示强烈不满，大惊小怪

Conversation 2

refund v.退还, 偿还n.归还, 偿还额, 退款shrink v.收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短follow the washing instructions 按照洗衣说明洗衣on the label 在标签上to hand wash it and then to dry it on low heat 手洗并低温熨烫purchase vt.买, 购买n.买, 购买clearance n.清除clearance sale 大甩卖electronic adj.电子的microscope n.显微镜