专题02 语法填空题解题技巧(二)(解析版)(1)

专题02 语法填空题解题技巧(二)(解析版)(1)
专题02 语法填空题解题技巧(二)(解析版)(1)

高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析

专题02语法填空题解题技巧(二)

(二)有给出词的解题思路

给出的词主要有动词,名词,形容词和代词,其中动词占多数,其次是名词,再者是形容词,代词偶尔考查。对这类题要根据该词在句子中的作用确定其形式。

1. 动词

给出的词是动词,根据前面对试题特点的分析可从三个方面考虑:填入该动词的某种时态、语态形式;填入该动词的某种非谓语动词形式;填入该动词的名词形式。

1)作谓语

(1)确定用谓语动词

句子的基本要素是主谓结构,如果句子中没有谓语,则确定要填入谓语动词的某种形式。

(2)确定谓语动词的具体形式

谓语动词的形式主要是时态和语态形式,动词的时态、语态要根据时间状语、上下文、语境及句子结构来确定,另外还要注意主谓一致。

1. I __________ (voice) my biggest concern to my mother, “How will I make friends?”(2019北京)

【答案】voiced

【解析】句意:我向妈妈吐露了我最关心的问题:“我怎样交朋友?”该句前面和后面的句子用的都是一般过去时,所以该句也用一般过去时,故填入过去式voiced。

2. Research on the question _________ (suggest) that,for most students,it doesn't. (2019北京)

【答案】suggests/suggested/has suggested

【解析】句意:对这一问题的研究表明,对大多数学生来说,答案是否定的。由语境可知,此处用一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时均可。用一般现在时和现在完成时时要注意主谓一致。

3. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. (2019全国I)

【答案】are

【解析】句意:在十九个被公认的北极熊亚种群中,三个在退化,六个稳定,一个在增加,九个缺乏足够的数据。根据上下文可知,应用一般现在时。这里的six指six polar bear subpopulations,是复数,故be 动词用are。

4. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _________(make)over the years. (2019全国II)

【答案】have made

【解析】句意:我喜欢来这里看我的家人和这么多年结交的所有朋友。由语境及时间状语over the years可知,应用现在完成时,故填入have made。

5. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. (2019全国III)

【答案】recommended

【解析】句意:主人给我们分享了他们的很多经历,并推荐了一些品尝美食、购物已经旅游的好地方。由并列连词and可知,该空与前面的shared构成并列谓语,故也用一般过去时。

6. On the last day of our week-long stay,we _________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019全国III)

【答案】were invited

【解析】句意:我们在那里待了一周,在最后一天,我们被邀请去参加在夏威夷北岸一个美丽的农场举办的露天私人音乐会,听艺术家们表演,会见有趣的当地人。这里作谓语,叙述的是过去的事,应用一般过去时;we和invite之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填入一般过去时的被动语态were invited。

2)作非谓语

(1)确定用非谓语动词

如果句子中有谓语动词,则考虑用非谓语动词。

(2)确定具体的非谓语动词形式

非谓语动词具体用哪种形式,最根本的原则是要根据其在句子中的作用来确定,其次还有牢记一些习惯搭配和特殊句型。另外,记住两个基本常识:如果空格前有介词,则直接填入动名词形式作宾语;如果空前有形容词,则直接填入不定式作状语。

1. Nervously ___________ (face) challenges, I know I wi ll whisper to (3) _______ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. (2019北京)

【答案】facing

【解析】句意:在紧张面对挑战的时候,我知道我会小声对自己说出这两个简单的字“Be yourself(做你自己)”。这里,逗号后面是一个完整的句子,所以前面只能是一个短语,应用非谓语动词。作时间状语,应用分词,逻辑主语I与face之间是主动关系,故用现在分词facing。

2. Earth Day, ___________ (mark) on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. (2019北京)

【答案】marked

【解析】句意:地球日是于每年4月22日举行的年度活动,旨在提高公众的环保意识。这里作Earth Day 的定语,应用非谓语动词。Earth Day与mark是被动关系,应用过去分词,故填入marked。

3. Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___________ (perform) consistently over a large area. (2019全国I)

【答案】to perform

【解析】句意:跟踪北极熊种群的现代方法只是从20世纪80年代中期才开始采用,而且一直大范围地使用费用很高。And连接两个并列的谓语动词have been employed和are,所以空格处只能用非谓语动词;expensive是形容词,其后应接不定式作状语,故填入to perform。

4. Scientists have responded by ___________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. (2019全国I) 【答案】noting

【解析】句意:科学家根据记录回应称,饥饿的北极熊可能会聚集在人类居住区周围,使我们产生一种错觉,那就是北极熊的数量比要实际多。By是介词,后面接动名词作宾语。故填入noting。

5.On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get) there. (2019全国III)

【答案】to get

【解析】句意:在去房子的路上,雨下得很大,我们不禁想知道还得多长时间才能到那里。这里是固定句型it takes (sb) some time to do sth,故填入不定式to get。

3)变名词

如果空格前有限定词,如冠词、物主代词等,则将动词变为名词,同时注意单复数。

1. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___________ (believe) that populations are increasing. (2019全国I)

【答案】belief

【解析】句意:最近几年,努纳武特地区的因纽特人报告称在人类居住区看到北极熊的次数在增加,导致人们认为北极熊的数量在增加。空格前有不定冠词a,故应填入单数名词;believe的名词形式为belief。

2. Other American studies showed no ___________ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.

(2019浙江)

【答案】connection

【解析】句意:美国其他方面的研究表明,校服和在学校的表现没有联系。由形容词no可知,应填入名词;connect的名词形式是connection。

2. 名词

对名词的考查主要有:1)变复数;2)变动词;3)变形容词;4)变成同根名词。

1. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various _________ (activity) on Earth Day.(2019北京)

【答案】activities

【解析】句意:无论你喜欢做什么,在地球日这一天,你都可以以某种方式参与各种各样的活动。activity 是可数名词,由可知,应用复数形式,故填入activities。

2. They also shared with us many ____ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.

(2019全国III)

【答案】traditional

【解析】句意:他们还和我们分享了很多有关夏威夷的传统故事,这些故事很受游客喜欢。stories是名词,前面应当是定语;作定语应当用形容词,故填入名词tradition的形容词形式traditional。

3. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. (2018全国I)

【答案】strengthen

【解析】句意:strengthen。解析:句意:为避免膝盖疼,你可以在柔软的路面上跑步,锻炼来强健你的腿部肌肉,不要往山丘上跑,穿好的跑鞋。空格后面是名词短语,所以空格处应当是动词,与前面的to构成不定式,作目的状语。故填入名词strength的动词形式strengthen.

4. My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a __________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.(2018

全国I)

【答案】scientist

【解析】句意:scientist。解析:句意:我是米雷亚.梅尔,是研究诸如猿和猴子的科学家。由不定冠词a 可知,应用单数可数名词;根据句意可知,这里指一位科学家,故填入名词scientist。

3. 形容词和副词

对形容词和的考查主要有:1)形容词变副词;2)形容词变名词;3)形容词和副词变比较级或最高级。

1. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __________ (poor)

studied. (2019全国I)

【答案】poorly

【解析】句意:很难弄清北极熊在全球的数量,因为北极熊活动的大部分区域都没有进行仔细研究。修饰谓语has been studied,应用副词作状语,故填入形容词poor的副词形式poorly。

2. Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements,

leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are _________ (high) than they actually are. (2019全国I) 【答案】higher

【解析】句意:科学家根据记录回应称,饥饿的北极熊可能会聚集在人类居住区周围,使我们产生一种错觉,那就是北极熊的数量比要实际多。由比较连词than可知,应用比较级,故填入形容词high的比较级形式higher。

3. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the ______ (63) (loud) of all.

(2018全国III)

【答案】loudest

【解析】句意:那使婴儿尖叫起来,接着一个体重400磅的男人出现了。他尖叫声最大。由of all及空格前的定冠词the可知,应用副词loud的最高级形式。故填入loudest。

4. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(2015全国II)

【答案】ability

【解析】句意:除了朴素的美,土坯房的绝妙之处还在于它们具有不用电器来调节房子气温的能力。空格前有物主代词their,应用名词。故填入able的名词形式ability。

4. 代词

对代词的考查主要有:格的变化及反身代词。

1. Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to __________ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.(2019北京)

【答案】myself

【解析】句意:在紧张面对挑战的时候,我知道我会小声对自己说出这两个简单的字“Be yourself(做你自己)”。由句意可知,应用反身代词;I的反身代词是myself,故填入myself。

2. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _________ (they) alive.

(2018全国III)

【答案】them

【解析】句意:当大猩猩和我互相吓唬对方的时候,发现它们还活着我很高兴。这里作to find的逻辑宾

语,应用宾格。they的宾格是them。

巩固练习:

1. Today, sky lanterns are used at festivals and other celebrations. They ________ (make) of bamboo and covered

with paper.

【答案】are made

【解析】句意:如今,孔明灯用于节日庆典和其他庆祝活动。它们用竹子做成,外面糊一层纸。“由……

制成”用be made of;这里表示客观事实,故用一般现在时。

2. “ Well, let me sit here, please. I'll leave here when she _________(come) back, ”replied the old man.

【答案】comes

【解析】句意:“请让我坐在这吧。她回来的时候我就走。”老人答道。主句是一般将来时,状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。主语是单数第三人称,所以谓语动词用单数。

3. I remember when I was in Grade Three, my parents ________ (ask) me to check my homework by myself.

【答案】asked

【解析】句意:我记得我上三年级的时候,爸爸妈妈让我自己检查作业。由从句谓语动词可知,说的是过去的事情,故主句也用一般过去时。

4. In the past three years, I ________ (have) a great time in Red Star International School.

【答案】have had

【解析】句意:在过去的三年里,我在红星国际学校度过了美好的时光。由时间状语in the past three years 可知,应用现在完成时。

5. I ________ (be) very naughty since I became a student in the school, and the headmaster is very angry with me.

【答案】have been

【解析】句意:自从来到这个学校上学以来,我一直很调皮,校长对我非常恼火。由since引导的时间状语从句可知,应用现在完成时。

6. Young people may risk __________ (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.

【答案】going

【解析】句意:年轻人如果每天都听声音很大的音乐,耳朵有变聋的危险。risk后接动名词作宾语。

7. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity __________ (explore) society for real life experience. 【答案】to explore

【解析】学生们盼望有机会探索社会,以求获得真正的生活经历。Opportunity后用不定式作定语。

8. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep,

【答案】telling

【解析】句意:小时候,妈妈常常坐在我的床边给我讲故事,直到我睡着。这里是非谓语动词作伴随状语,应用分词;逻辑主语my mother与tell是主动关系,故用现在分词。

9. ________ (enjoy)the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.

【答案】To enjoy

【解析】句意:为了享受电子支付的便捷,很多老年人开始使用手机了。这里作目的状语,应用不定式。

10. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _________ (take)

good care of at home.

【答案】taken

【解析】句意:李医生在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务后回来了,看到母亲在家得到了很好的照顾他很高兴。作宾语补足语,且逻辑主语his mother与take care of之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。

11. Life today is much ________ (easy)than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems.

【答案】easier

【解析】句意:如今的生活比几百年前方便多了,但是也带来了新的问题。由比较连词than可知,应用比较级。

12. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be ________ (little) air pollution.

【答案】less

【解析】句意:我们相信,如果开车的人少了,污染就会变少。由从句中的fewer可知,这里应用little 的比较级less。

13. Hawking was an icon for many _______ (reason), but he will be best remembered for his work in the field of

science.

【答案】reasons

【解析】句意:霍金成为偶像由有很多原因,但是他最为人们所怀念的则是他在科学领域所做的工作。

由many可知,名词应用复数。

14. Many people have expressed their sadness on social media, including many _______ (science).

【答案】scientists

【解析】句意:很多人在社交媒体上表达了他们的哀思,包括很多科学家。由句意及many可知,应填入scientists。

15. The world _______ (it) is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means.

【答案】itself

【解析】句意:世界本身因使用现代交通和现代交流方式正变得越来越小。由句意可知,应用反身代词。

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语篇型语法填空专题自测题组

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