现在分词和过去分词的用法区别

（一）分词的作用

·现在分词可用于：

·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English.

·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.

·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。

·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air.

·I saw many birds flying along the river.

·The story is very moving.

·过去分词可用于：

·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.

·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.

·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.

·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。

·e.g. a boy named Tom

·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes.

·I’m interested in English.

（二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别

1.在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。

2.在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。

（三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤

（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分

（2）找准逻辑主语

（3）判断主、被动关系

（4）选定现在或过去分词

1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed

B. following

C. to be followed

D. being followed

2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.

A. first playing

B. to be first played

C. first played

D. to be playing

3. What’s the language ____ in Germany?

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. be spoken

D. to speak

4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. inviting

5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written

B. to be written

C. being written

D. written

（四）分词作表语

共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。

不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

1. The news sounds ____.

A. encouraging

B. encouraged

C. encourage

D. to encourage

2. —How did Bob do in the exams this time?

—Well, his father seems ____ with his results.

A. pleasing

B. please

C. pleased

D. to please

3. —How did the audience receive the new play?

—They got very ____.

A . excite

B . excited

C . excitedly

D . exciting

（五）分词作宾语补足语

共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。

不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

1. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.

A. lying

B. lie

C. lay

D. laying

2. —Good morning. Can I help you?

—I’d like to have the package ____, madam.

A. be weighed

B. to be weighed

C. to weigh

D. weighed

3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.

A. understand

B. understanding

C. understood

D. understands

4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.

A. moved

B. moving

C. moves

D. to move

（六）分词作状语

共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。

不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ，____ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointing

2. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving

B. Receiving not

C. Not having received

D. Having not received

3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.

A. having added

B. to add

C. adding

D. added

4．The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.

A. being tied

B. having tied

C. to be tied

D. tied

【模拟试题】

I. 单项选择

1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.

A. To see

B. Seeing

C. Having seen

D. Being seen

2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.

A. fix

B. fixing

C. fixed

D. to fix

3. We’re ___ to list en to her ____ voice. It’s ___to hear her sing.

A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure

B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure

C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure

D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure

4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.

A. Passed, buying

B. Passing, to buy

C. Having passed, buy

D. Pass, to buy

5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.

A. Comparing

B. To compare

C. Compared

D. Having compared

6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.

A. designing

B. design

C. designed

D. to design

7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.

A. To save

B. Saving

C. Saved

D. Having saved

8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students.

A. following

B. to be following

C. followed

D. having followed

9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.

A. to lose

B. losing

C. lost

D. has lost

10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____.

A. being heard

B. hearing

C. heard

D. hear

11. The result of the test was rather _____.

A. disappointed

B. disappointing

C. being disappointed

D. disappoint

12. I’ve never he ard the word ____in spoken English.

A. use

B. used

C. using

D. being used

13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.

A. Not to know

B. Not knowing

C. Knowing not

D. Not known

14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.

A. being moving

B. moved

C. moving

D. to be moved

15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.

A. came

B. comes

C. come

D. coming

16. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.

A. Having shown

B. Showing

C. Has shown

D. Having been shown

17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.

A. gathering

B. gathered

C. gather

D. being gathered

18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.

A. follow

B. following

C. followed

D. being followed

19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.

A. reduce

B. reducing

C. reduced

D. reduces

20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.

A. live

B. to live

C. lived

D. living

21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.

A. understand

B. understanding

C. to understand

D. understood

22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.

A. settle

B. settled

C. to settle

D. settling

23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.

A. busily prepared

B. busy preparing

C. busily prepare

D. are busily preparing

24. The ground is _____with ____ leaves.

A. covering, falling

B. covered, falling

C. covered, fallen

D. covering, fallen

25. Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten.

A. to learn

B. learn

C. learned

D. learning

现在分词用法总结

现在分词一、基础知识：现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语：（1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有： A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。 B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别，后接doing侧重经常习惯性的行为，后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。 eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home

动词过去分词及独立主格结构的用法

动词过去分词及独立主格结构的用法一、过去分词的定义及其基本形式 1．过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式，过去分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特性，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。如：（1）spoken English 英语口语（过去分词具有形容词的特性，作定语）（2）Given more time, we could do it much better. =If we were given more time, we could do it much better. 多给点时间，我们会做得更好些。（过去分词具有动词的特性，有自己的宾语more time，构成分词短语；过去分词短语在句中作状语，具有副词的特性。） 2．过去分词的基本形式（1）规则动词的过去分词由动词＋ed构成（2）不规则动词的过去分词须逐个记忆。（3）不规则动词的过去分词表示完成，如： fallen leaves =leaves which have fallen落叶（4）及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成，如： the machines used in the workshop =the machines which are used in the workshop 车间用的机器（及物动词的过去分词表示被动） I heard the door opened. =I heard the door has been opened. 我听见门被打开了。（及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成）二、过去分词的句法功能过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，故在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

初中英语现在分词用法总结

初中英语现在分词用法总结一、基础知识：现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语：（1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ① It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ② It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③ It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④ There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/

意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤ There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/ 无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥ There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦ There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有：

高中英语过去分词用法练习题及答案

习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 14. We went to see him yesterday evening, ＿him away. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found 15. ＿of plastics, the machines are easy to carry. A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made Suggested answers: 1-5 DACA B 6-10 BABAD 11-15 ADCCD

过去分词用法

过去分词在句中不可以作谓语，它相当于形容词和副词，在句中可作表语、宾语、状语、补足语等。过去分词作表语 Never touch an electric wire when it is broken He is gone You are mistaken 过去分词作定语 The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward 那孩子叫了一声，伸开双臂向前跑去 Her job was to take care of the wounded solder ? 用作宾语的过去分词多用于表示已完成的动作，但是有时它所表示的动作却尚未完成或有待于将来完成 The workers demand increased wages 工人们要求加薪过去分词用作定语亦可放在其所修饰的名词后面，其常具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。 He wants his eggs fired (尚未炸好的。Fried eggs 则译为炸好的鸡蛋带有永久性） He himself took all the letters written to the post 他亲自将写好的信付邮（written = that he had written , written letter 则译为书写的信，非打字的信件）过去分词短语用作定语时，一般皆置于所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句 The ship battered by the storm crept into the harbour 被暴风雨击打的那只船慢慢的驶入港口过去分词短语亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号 Some of them , born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train 他们中有些生长在农村，从为见过火车。过去分词作这状语过去分词从表面意义角度也可以用作状语表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。 Heated , the metal expand (表时间） Born and bred in the countryside,he was bewildered by the big city 他们生长在乡下，对这大城市感到迷惑（表原因) Mocked by everyone ,he had my sympathy(表让步）、 The lichens came borne by storms这地衣是由暴风雨带来的（表伴随） Seed catalogues are comprehensive , lavishly illustrated in colour 种子的目录册很全，用彩图表示的（表方式）过去分词用作补语用作宾语补语，其前的谓语动词多是感官动词和使役动词 He heard chain and bolts with drawn 他听见门上的链和栓被拉开了 She found the house renovated她发现房子已经修过了

现在分词用法讲解

一、现在分词：在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。二、现在分词的基本用法 1. 作表语：表主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing。 2. 作定语： (1). 表示主动的、进行的状态：The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is wearing blue skirt is my sister. （比较：The factory being built now is a big one.） (2). 说明被修饰词的性质和特征：This is an interesting story. (3). 相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开：Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. (4). 与adv. / n. 构成复合词作定语：This is an English-speaking country. 3. 作状语：表示主动的、进行的状态，其逻辑主语是句中的主语。(如果不是，需在v.-ing 形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.) (1). 原因状语：Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. (2). 时间状语：Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while：While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. (3). 条件状语：Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. (4). 让步状语：Weighing almost two hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him alone. (5). 结果状语：He died, leaving nothing but debts. (6). 伴随状语：He sat by the desk, begging. 注意：The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 由此可知伴随状语的特点：①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。(7). 方式状语：Following their teacher, the students entered the room quietly. 4. 作宾补：表示主动的、进行的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”或“主谓”关系：We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) / I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) 三、现在分词的两个基本特点 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行：a developing country, boiling water, rising sun (比较: a developed country, boiled water, risen sun) 2. 在语态上表示主动：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级(比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级) 四、独立主格结构（Absolute Phrase）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。其本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 A lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. （原因）Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. （条件） He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. （伴随） An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. （结果） The meeting over, they all went home. （时间） Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. （结果） The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. （伴随） Another story to be completed, the writer stayed up almost every night. （目的）

高中英语过去分词用法练习题及答案

高中英语过去分词用法练习题及答案 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】

习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿ on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿ ,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿ to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿ on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿ the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿ the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read

现在分词的几种详细用法 (10)

现在分词的七种用法（一）作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。 Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。This is an English-speaking country. （二）作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。The story is moving. （三）现分在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) （四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday. 2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。 While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。He died, leaving nothing but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。He sat by the roadside, begging. （五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having finished his homework, he left the classroom. （六）现在分词的被动式当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式The factory being built now is a big one. （七）现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。 Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. 过去分词的用法一．1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成. (1)_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. (2) He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. (3)_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 过去分词作表语【注意】过分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)

过去分词用法详解

过去分词的用法一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用-ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2）原因状语：过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎，我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等，这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。例如：Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音，他决定搬到农村去。 Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙，她看起来比以前更美3）条件状语：作条件状语时，一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。例如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快. 4）伴随情况：表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作，位于主语之后，用逗号隔开，可以同时表示被动与完成，例如：The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son. 5）结果状语：表示发生在谓语动词后的动作，位于主句后用都逗号分开，也可以同时表示被动与完成。例如：He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 例如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.

get+过去分词用法详解

“be +过去分词”能构成被动结构，其实在现代英语口语或非正式文体中还常用另一种被动结构“get + 过去分词”。和“be + 过去分词”一样，“get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。其用法及两者的区别从以下两个方面分述如下：一、get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。 1．常见于以下两种情况： ①谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故，如：Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。He got killed when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞死了。 ②谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时，常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词，表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任，此时既含有被动意义，同时又含有主动意义，如： Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。She got (herself) paid before she went on a holiday. 她在休假前（设法）领到了工资。 2．“get + 过去分词”与“be + 过去分词”在构成被动结构时的区别： ①前者多用于口语和非正式文体，而后者则可用于更多的场合。 ②前者侧重表示动作，而后者既可表动作又可表状态，有时有歧义，如： The chair got broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作） The chair was broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作）或??昨天这把椅子是坏的。（表状态） ③前者偶尔带表示动作执行者的by短语，而后者则有时带有时不带，如： My brother got hit by a stone. 我哥哥被一块石头击中了。 She got caught by the police. 她让警察给抓住了。 ④前者在表示强调，否定和疑问时需借助助动词do/does/did，而后者则不需，如： He didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上没挨打。 Did your letter get answered ? 你收到回信了吗？ ⑤前者有时既可表示被动意义，又可表示主动意义；后者则只表示单纯的被动意义，如： I got (myself) invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我（设法）让人邀请参加了许多社交聚会。 I was invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我应邀参加了许多社交聚会。 ⑥与助动词be相比，和get连用的过去分词仅限于少数，其中多数含有“不顺利；不愉快”之意，如： He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。 I got rained on as I was coming to work. 我来上班时遭到淋雨。二、get作始动性连系动词，与多数都已形容词化了的过去分词连用，构成系表结构，表示状的变化（即动作的结果），其中get表示一种状态向另一种状态过渡、变化的动作，其含义等于become； begin to be或come to be，如 1．常见于以下五种情况： ①表示使自己进入或变为某种状态，如： We don’t want any of you to get lost. 我们不想你们当中任何人迷路。

现在分词的用法

现在分词的用法现在分词（Present Participle ）（又称-ing形式、现在进行式），是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。 ☆现在分词的两个基本特点： 1. 。例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水， risi ng sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较： a developed country —个发达国家，boiled water 白开水，rise n sun 升起的太阳） 2. 在语态上表示主动。例如：the ruling class 统治阶级， the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试比较： the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级） ':构成形式 doing 现在分词表示主动的，或进行的动作 ?：时态与语态三：否定式：所有否定式都是在—ing前面加not

1）现在分词的时态：现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念，其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。这一点和不定式用法相同。 A）现在分词的一般式：doing 表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。或是谓语动作发生时，分词的动作正在发生过程中。女口： Looking back, I found she was washing clothes. She smelt something burning.（smelt 发生在 burning 的过程中。）她闻到有东西烧焦了。 She sat on the chair, readi ng a no vel. B）现在分词的完成式：havi ng do ne 表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest. Not havi ng received his letter, we all felt worried. 2）现在分词的语态：现在分词用主动还是被动，决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者，用主动。反之，用被动。

现在分词用法与练习

现在分词用法与练习一、现在分词的各种形式及意义

二、现在分词的句法功能

1．作定语单个的现在分词充当前置定语，分词短语充当后置定语。但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。 The swimming boy is my elder brother．正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。 Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise．告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。 2．作表语现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear 等后面。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来很有趣。The news was disappointing．这个消息令人失望。【点津】动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等关系，可以互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows．（=Cleaning the windows is your task．）你的任务是擦窗户。 3．作补足语 (1) 现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，look at， listen to，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。

I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car．我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。 (2) 上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。 She was heard singing an English song yesterday．昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。 A cook will be fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。（3）with +宾语+v-ing With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 4．作状语现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。必须记住：从句和主句的主语必须一致。 (1) 表示时间。现在分词表时间时，相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。 ①Be careful when crossing the road．（=Be careful when you are crossing the road.）过马路时小心点。 ②Having turned off the TV, he began to do his