改错题(10题)

改错题(10题)
改错题(10题)

结构改错题 10题

1.图示为轴承面对面安装的轴系结构,指出轴系结构中不少于10处的错误。

注:润滑方式、倒角和圆角不考虑。

解:

1、缺少调整垫片

2、4箱体上非加工面应低于加工面;

3、右轴承装反了;

5、缺少调整垫片;

6、缺轴端挡板;

7、缺键联接;

8、透盖与轴之间应有间隙;

9、缺毡圈油封;

10、轴承左边轴径应小于轴承内经;

11、装齿轮轴段长应小于轮毂宽。

2 图示为小锥齿轮轴系部件结构图,齿轮采用油润滑,轴承为脂润滑。指出途中不合理或错误的结构,在图中用序号标出,并按序号简要说明错误原因。

解:

说明:

①没有必要设圆螺母及轴上螺纹轴头,因齿轮上F a向右;

②锥齿轮孔键槽是通的,以便于加工,且槽底与键顶面间有间隙;

③轴环外径太大,应低于轴承内圈1/3厚,以方便内圈拆卸;

④两轴承内圈之间的轴外径小于轴承内径,以使左轴承能装人;

⑤两轴承外圈之间的套杯内径应小于轴承外径,以便于轴承定位;

⑥透盖左端面与轴承外圈端面问应留间隙,以避免干涉;

⑦套杯应加端环,端环左端面应加调整垫片,以调整轴系位置;

⑧套杯右端面与端盖间应加密封垫,起密封作用;

⑨轴用弹性挡圈改为圆螺母及防松垫片(轴上制螺纹及槽),用以调整轴承的游隙;⑩端盖内孔应加毡圈油封,起密封作用,端盖与轴间应有间隙;

11 轴上螺纹右边轴径应小于螺纹外径,以方便装配;

12 此处应设轴肩,对轴上零件起轴向定位作用;

13 轴上两个键槽应处同一母线上,以方便加工。

3.指出轴系零部件结构中的错误,并说明错误原因。

解:

1 轴上两个平键应在同一母线上;

2 齿轮的联接平键长度不能超出联接轴段长;

3 轴右端的轴用弹性挡圈没必要,轴可缩短;

4 轴环将右轴承左端内圈全挡住了、无法拆卸,轴肩要降低到内圈外径下1/3召处;

5 两个轴承端盖与箱体间应有调整垫片;

6 箱体上不加工的毛坯面应比加工面低(2 处);

7 螺钉联接多处错误:①箱体上是盲螺孔,不是光孔;②螺孔有效深度应大于螺钉拧入深度;③底孔深度应大于螺纹孔深度;④弹簧垫圈开口方向画反了。

8 轴上左边轴承以左轴段外径应比轴承内径稍小;

9 透盖与轴之间应有间隙;

10 透盖内应加毡圈油封。

4.请将图中轴系结构又错误及不合理处,用序号标出,并按序号简要说明原因。

解:

①轴的右端面应缩进带轮右端面l-2mm,且应有轴端挡圈固定带轮;

②带轮与轴间应有键联接;

③带轮左端面靠轴肩定位,下一段轴径加大;

④带轮两个槽中没有线;

⑤取消套筒(若保留套筒对带轮定位也可,那么套筒应穿过透盖顶到轴承内圈右端面);

⑥透盖与轴之间应有间隙,且还应有密封毡圈;

⑦应改为喇叭口斜线,用角接触球轴承;

⑧与轮毂配合段轴颈长度应比轮毂长小于1 -2mm ;

⑨轮毂与轴之间应有键联接;

⑩两个轴承端盖与箱体间应有调整垫片;

11 箱体上端盖接触面之外的外表面应低一些;

12 轴承端盖外圆外侧应倒角。

5.指出图上的结构错误并提出改正意见。

解:

①两个轴承端盖外圆外侧应倒角;

②两个轴承端盖与箱体接触面间应有调整垫片;

③箱体上与端盖的接触面之外的外表面应低一些;

④轴端太长,可与轴承左端面平齐或略长;

⑤没有必要设置套筒,可改为外径不超过内圈厚2/ 3 的轴颈,靠轴肩给轴承定位;

⑥齿轮和轴之间应有键联接;

⑦与齿轮配合的轴颈长度应比齿轮宽度小1一2mm ;

⑧透盖与轴之间应有间隙,且应有密封毡圈;

⑨联轴器与透盖不能接触,联轴器应右移;

⑩联轴器与轴间应有轴肩定位,与其配合段轴径应减少;

11 联轴器与轴间应有键联接,且应与⑥处键在一条线上;

12 轴右端面不应超出联轴器端面,应缩进去1-2mm;

13 联轴器上外圆及其左端面内、外圆均应倒角;

14 某些类型联轴器应划联接孔的中心线。

6.

如图所示的减速器输出轴,齿轮用油润滑,轴承用脂润滑。指出其中的结构错误,并说明原因。(指出5处即可)

解:

1 键轴上两个键槽不在同一母线上;

2 左轴承盖与轴直接接触;

3 左轴承盖与箱体无调整密封垫片;

4 轴套超过轴承内圈定位高度;

5 齿轮所处轴段长度过长,出现过定位,齿轮定位不可靠;

6 键顶部与轮毂接触;

7 无挡油盘:

8 两轴承盖的端面处应减少加工面。

7.指出图中所示轴系中的结构错误,用笔圈出错误之处,并简要说明错误的原因。

解:

1.弹性挡圈为多余零件;

2.装轴承段应无键槽;

3.轴肩太高,不便拆卸;

4.应无轴环,齿轮无法从右装入,改为套筒固定,或齿轮用过盈配合实现轴向固定;

5.应由键槽,周向固定;

6.此处应加工成阶梯轴;

7.端盖不应与轴接触;

8.端盖密封槽形状应为梯形;

9.平键顶部与轮毂槽间应有间隙;

10.联轴器无轴向固定,且与端盖间隙太小,易接触;

11.轴端部与端盖间应有一定间隙;

12.应该有调整垫片。

8.指出图中轴系结构的错误,(注:轴承支撑形式为两端固定,其润滑方式不考虑,倒角和圆角忽略不计)

①右轴承外圈无轴向固定;

②套筒做成阶梯形,低于轴承内圈的一端抵紧轴承;

③轴头长应小于齿轮轮毂宽度;

④键长应短于轴头长度;

⑤轴肩高于左轴承内圈;

⑥左轴承外圈无轴向固定;

⑦套筒抵紧左轴承盖严重错误,应取消套筒,轴伸出处做一小段阶梯使左面齿轮轴肩定位.

⑧键太长,应在左齿轮轮毂内;

⑨箱体应有凸台减少与右轴承盖接触的加工面;

⑩轴上弹性挡圈无作用应取消

9.指出图中轴系结构设计中的错误,依次标出序号(不要多指),并简要说明错误的原因及改正措施。

解:

①轴端面应缩进带轮端面内1 -2mm ,再加轴端挡圈,以使带轮轴向固定。

②带轮没有轴向定位,应加套筒或在轴上设置台肩来对带轮轴向定位。

③带轮基准直径D 与孔径d 之比较大,带轮应采用腹板式,以省材料、减轻重量。

④带轮轮缘太宽,浪费材料,应减窄,且应倒角。

⑤透盖与转轴(或套筒)之间应有间隙,且应有密封毡圈。

⑥轴承端盖与箱体之间应有调整垫片,以调整轴承松紧( 2 处)。

⑦箱体上轴承端盖接触面之外部分非加工面应凹进去一些(2 处)。

⑧轴环将使轴承、套筒装不进去,应取消,改为套简(或圆螺母)对轴承内圈固定,轴承

内径应加大,且与其配合的轴应缩进轴承右端面内1 -2mm 。

⑨右轴承放反了,喇叭口应朝左。,

⑩与齿轮配合的轴颈长应比齿轮宽度小于1 -2mm ,以保证套筒压住齿轮端面。

11 轴肩过高,轴承拆卸不便,应将轴肩高降至轴承内圈厚的2 / 3 左右。

12 两个轴承端盖外圆外侧应倒角。

13 两个轴承端盖外侧中间应内凹,以减少加工面,左轴承孔及右轴承孔箱体内壁少线。

10.指出图示中轴系结构的错误,不少于10处。

解:

①缺少调整垫片;

②右轴承装反了;

③轴右端太长,与端盖不能接触,轴端面到轴承内圈右端面即可;

④应有箱体内壁粗实线;

⑤应设一轴环对齿轮轴向定位;

⑥与齿轮配合轴颈长应比齿轮宽少于1 -2mm ;

⑦此键没有,取消;

⑧此键与联轴器键应在一条线上;

⑨透盖与轴颈之间应有间隙;

⑩轴上键的周边应画局部剖面图;

11 联轴器上键槽应是贯通的,且槽底面与键的上平面间应有间隙;

12 缺少调整垫片。

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