高考英语 汉译英常见错例及解析

高考英语  汉译英常见错例及解析
高考英语  汉译英常见错例及解析

2012高考英语汉译英常见错例及解析

一、学生典型错例及错因简析:

1.在你离开之前,有些事应该要告诉你。(ought to;there be)

学生错例:

1)Before you leave, there are somethings I ought to tell you.(受中文“些”字意思影响,误把单数的something 当somethings)

2)Before you leave,there are some things ought to tell you.

(误用something;句子成分残缺,从句漏了主语I)

3)There are something that ought to tell you before you leave.

4)There is something ought to tell you before you leaving.(受中文“在”影响,误用了“leaving”)

5)Before you leaving, there are have something ought to tell you.(there be 与have 重复使用)

6)Before you left,there were something that ought to tell you.(误用时态和be 动词)

2.我很难把学习和兴趣结合起来。(combine...with...)

学生错例:

1)I'm difficult to combine study with interest.(典型的中文翻译思维,与地道的英语表达有较大差别)

2) I hardly combining study with interest.(中式英语)

3)It's hardly that combine study with interest.(乱套句型)

4)I hardly combine study with interest.(照字翻译)

3. 我们不能让他撒了谎而不受惩罚。(have sb.doing;get away with)

学生错例:

1)We won't have him getting away with it,because he told a lie.

(未能正确理解把握所提示词语的正确表达,简单地按中文意思翻译)

2)We can't have he getting away with his lying.

(主格、宾格不分,只是单纯地把中文意思翻译出来)

4.他是否尝试过供应更健康的食物以赢回他的顾客?(serve,win back)

学生错例1)If he has tried to win his customers back by serving healthier food.

2) If he tried to serve healthier food to win his customers back?

3)If he try serving the food which is more healthy to win his customers back?

4)He is try to serve much healthy food win his customer back?

(审题不清,只看中文“是否”的意思就直接翻译,根本没有考虑该句是什么句。)

二、学生的主要表达障碍:从学生的错例来看,其表达的主要障碍有以下几点:

1)平时没有养成朗读和背诵典型例句的习惯,缺乏足够和重复性的地道输入,因而缺乏应有的语感。

2) 受中文表达的习惯影响,完全按照中文的思维来拼句,从结构到语序都是中文的痕迹,可见受母语的影响有多大。

3)审题粗心大意,没有认真考虑句型和句子成分,只按字面的中文意思对号入座。

三、改进建议:

1.必须在“读”字上狠下功夫,一是经常朗读,二是大量阅读。要通过各种途径增加大量、反复的地道英语的输入量,只有足够的地道输入,才有地道的输出。

2.高度重视英汉表达的差异性(思维习惯不同,语序排列不同),注意收集典型的错句,不断减少汉语的干扰。

3.经常背诵一些典型的例句、美文或范文。地道的表达不是靠中文思维逐字硬拼出来的,而是凭平时积累的语感自然输出来的。

4.习惯决定成败,习惯决定高低。从现在开始,逐步培养几个重要的习惯:一是朗读习惯;二是模仿习惯;三是背诵的习惯;四是阅读的习惯;五是做笔记的习惯;六是纠错的习惯。

汉译英难点解析举例第一篇 形形色色的人

汉译英难点解析举例第一篇 形形色色的人&能力与智慧 1.一根筋儿one track-minded. 别跟他较劲了。他一根筋,你还不知道? Stop reasoning with him. Don’t you know he is one track-minded? 2.出众的人a lulu 要说漂亮,我们公司新来的秘书可算是个相貌出众的女孩子了。 Talking about being pretty, our company’s new secretary is indeed a lu lu. 3.两面派two-faced 我知道怎样对付两面派,而且一眼就能看出谁是一贯两面讨好的人。I know how to handle two-faced people and can even tell at the first glance who are in the habit of running with the hare and hunting with the hounds.(注:run with the hare and hunt with the hounds指人两面讨好,不得罪任何一方的做法。) 4.傻大个儿a lummox 听说那个傻大个儿把他们公司的买卖搞得一团糟。 It is said that the lummox has loused up their company’s whole business. 5.收破烂儿的人a rag man 那些收破烂儿的人走街串户,有时也能挣不少钱。 Those rag men going from door to door sometimes may also earn quite a handsome sum of money. 6.乡巴佬a hayseed 她说她决不会嫁给一个乡巴佬,不管他多有钱。 She insisted that she would not marry herself off to a hayseed, no matter how rich he was. 7.不三不四的人riff-raffs 老张的家里总来些不三不四的人,可想而知老张不是什么好东西。

综合教程课后翻译答案

1、我不曾想到,随着时间的流逝,我果真以身为社工而自豪(count on ;take pride in ) What I didn ' t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker. 2、奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟,发出一声惊呼:天哪,我们要赶不上火车了 ( Shoot a look at ;let out) Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “ Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we're going to miss the train! ” 3、我总在幼儿园门口看到一些孩子抓住父母不让走。请问:在这种情形下,年轻的父母们是否得对孩子严厉些,赶紧离开?(stern;hold on to sb) At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances? 4、昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣的小女孩( dim;weep ) In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. 5、富人捐赠时要尽量考虑周全,不要让受赠者陷入难堪的境地(considerate;embarrassing) When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6、从上个月起,我的工作就是围绕日常办公事务转,所以现在每天掰着手指算什么时候才到国庆节:我和朋友要去乡下远足呢!(revolve;count the days ) Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. 7、无论是友情还是爱情,你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多(maximum ;minimum.) In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum. 8、我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上,结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人(build on;sincerity) I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all. 9、我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院,但一切努力都是徒劳的,母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病(in vain) We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease. 10、情人节是个一年一度在 2 月14 日庆祝的节日,一个向心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子(affection) Valentine 's Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect dayto express love to the object of your / one's affection. 11、在信息时代,通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的(era;via) In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous. 12、爱情需要培养,我们梦想拥有的“永恒的爱情”只有在双方学会欣赏对方、包容对方之后才可能缔造(nurture;forge) Love needs to be nurtured, and the “ eternal / everlasting love” that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other. 13、以共同兴趣为基础的友谊是不容易破裂的(ground;break up) The friendship based on the sane interest doesn't break up easily 14、孩子们必须学会将电脑游戏中的暴力与勇敢区分开来(distinguish between) Children must learn to distinguish the 15、当今世界每天涌现如此多新鲜事物,要求一个人什么都知晓是不合情理的(sensible)

汉译英赏析:英培安《欣赏自己》

《欣赏自己》 On Self-Appreciation 不怕直说,我是相当欣赏自己的。我承认自己有许多不如人的地方,但也知道并不老是这样差劲。所以,我做了一件事,写了一篇文章,只要自觉还不错我可以乐上几天,遇有人赞,更飘飘然得不像话;甚至还会忘其所以,插上几句自夸的话。 Frankly, I very much appreciate myself. Yes, I admit I’m in many respects not as good as other people, but I don’t think I’m always no good. When I find what I’ve done or written is okay, I’ll remain pleased with myself for quite a few days, and, in case I receive praise for it, I’ll even become so swollen-headed as to add a few words to glorify myself. 真的,我一点也不谦虚。 True, I’m not modest at all. 或者这就是自负吧,恐怕要给人骂了。但有什么不对呢? People may call me conceited. But I think otherwise. 我也欣赏别人,凡是好的东西我都欣赏。只懂得欣赏别人而忘了欣赏自己,岂不是太不公平了? I also appreciate other people. I appreciate anything good. Isn’t it unfair to forget appreciating myself while appreciating others? 但是我们华人总是比较谦虚,而且引以为荣。自己的太太叫拙荆,文章曰拙作。如果你当真叫他的太太山芭婆,文章如狗屁,他保证勃然大怒,和你拍桌子绝交。其实,你所说的,和他说的,可能并没什么两样。 We Chinese are generally inclined to be modest, and we take pride in being so. For example, a Chinese will call his own wife zhuojing, meaning “my humble wife”, and his own writings zhuozuo, meaning “my poor writings”. But if you should call his wife a “rustic women” or his writings “trash”, he would, I’m sure, slap the table in a rage and declare he would make a clean break with you. As a matter of fact, there is probably no difference at all between what is said by him and you respectively. 我认为,如果你的东西确是好的,直接说它好,没有什么不对。老王卖

综合教程第一册汉译英答案

单元1 (1)这个婴儿还不会爬,更不要说走了。 The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk. (2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。 Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3)一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关;有了阅读技巧,你就可以更好的应对课外阅读 To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。 According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5)有些人想当然的认为日语中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。 Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6)我们已经讲所有的相关信息告知了警方。 We have passed all the relevant information on to the police. (7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没有用,因为我是不会回答你的。 There/ It is no use ask ing me any more questions about that matter because I won’t answer. (8)事先没有仔细阅读合同就签了名的吉姆的错误。 It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it carefully (9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。 They refused to provide us with all the information we need (10)这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。 This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11)这部电影是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。 The film is based on a play by/ of Shakespeare. (12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好,那么你在谋职是就一定比别人根有优势。 If you have a good command/ mastery of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job/ in job-hunting. 单元2 (1)很多老师不赞成这种做法。 Many teachers frowned on this practice. (2)当我想从草地上穿过去的时候,有位老人在旁边怒视着我。 An old man glared at me when I was trying to cut across the lawn (3)当我提到我的父亲时,她的脸上露出了认出我的笑容。 When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face (4)我的大孩子比较听话,而小的那个非常倔。我现在还常想起小的孩子在中学毕业后是如何执意要出国读书的。 My firstborn was quite obedient, whereas my younger child was very stubborn. I can still recall now how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after he finished his secondary school. (5)当海啸袭来时,许多东南亚国家遭受了巨大的损失。 Countries in South East Asia sustained great losses when the tsunami struck the area.

英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)

英汉翻译讲解(1) I.英汉之间的差别: “对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。”------吕叔湘 国内学者的共识是:汉语是综合性的,描写性的,而英语是分析性的,逻辑性的。在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比(contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis),英语重形合(形式上的融合),汉语重意合(意思或意境的融合)。在句法方面,有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种: 1.雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来,开门见山,一语破的,然后再把各种标志一条条补述,一步步交代,慢条斯理,从容不迫,形成一条头短尾长地线性链,象头小尾大地雄孔雀。而汉语则相反,其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛,先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到,最后点出话语的信息中心,水到渠成,给人以豁然开朗之感,形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。 例如:I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 译文:由于贵国政府的提议,才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。 又如:The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely (不足地,不充分地;一定不,绝不)contested (斗争;比赛). 译文:如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位,不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展,要享受其基本权利,即使不是不可能,也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。 2.葡萄/竹竿-----即把英语句子比作“葡萄型”结构,葡萄主干很短,其上附结着丰硕的果实。而汉语句子则较短,一个短句接一个短句地往下叙述,逐步展开,内容像竹竿一样一节一节展开,常称为“竹竿型”结构。 She was beautiful, with long dark hair and brilliant green eyes.她长得很美,一头乌黑亮丽的长发,一双晶莹明亮的绿色眼睛。 She has smooth akin as pale and iridescent as the moon shining over a snow-covered landscape.她光滑的肌肤白里透红,宛如皎洁的月光洒在茫茫血地上。 3.多枝共干----英语句子中还有两个或几个动词共受一个状语修饰,共有一个主语或宾语,或者两个或几个状语共同修饰一个动词,两个或几个主语或宾语共一个动词,这就好比几根树枝长在同一根树干上,我们称为“多枝共干”式结构。 4.也有学者认为英语是一种弥漫着“男子气”的语言。逻辑性、组织性和理性是以英语为母语的民族的思维支撑点,从而就形成了英语的“阳刚之美”。而汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹,不执着于形式结构的规范,中国人的思维支撑点似乎更具有抽象,深邃和疏放的取向,由此繁衍生出的是显赫的暗示和幽远的意境从而形成汉语的“阴柔之美”。汉语的魅力在于她的流散和疏放,系于她超凡的暗示力和意境性。所以汉语的形式机制很弱,主谓宾没有形式标定,主谓间关系松散,宾语无定格,无定位,主语的超句承接功能很强。 如果说汉语是一种“人治”语言,那么,英语则是一种“理性”语言。汉语能化逻辑为内在,英语则必须将逻辑外化,化作种种行合的标记,化作启转承合的纽带。英语语法规范森严,理性十足;英语形式逻辑缜密,滴水不漏。 5.汉语是一种意境语言,一种艺术语言。寥寥数词,就能出意境,出氛围,出画面。

2019年英语翻译中级笔译:汉译英难点解析8

2019年英语翻译中级笔译:汉译英难点解析8 The clear heaven overhead was emptied of all its gold. Dusk spread over it, abruptly darkening the Seven Hills. 译文:天宇澄清,余晖尽敛,夜幕降临,罗马七丘顿时昏暗。 (翁显良译) 赏析:读这样的译文,是否让你想到了盛行于汉魏六朝时期的赋?一般说来,过多的美化译文很容易歪曲原文的意义和精神,而此处译 文却同原文在意义和精神上丝丝相扣,这就是见译者功力的地方了。 These alternations of mood were the despair and joy of Ethan Frome.(Edith Wharton: Ethan Frome) 译文:她这样一会儿一种情绪,叫伊坦时而灰心,时而高兴。 (吕叔湘译) 赏析:将"alternations of mood" 掰开译为"一会儿一种情绪",后面跟上叫伊坦时而如何,时而如何,自然,流畅。对比原文和译文,自能体会译者翻译手段的高超。 Is it necessary to shout ? 译文:说话就说话,非得叫唤不可吗?(吕叔湘译) 赏析:简简单单,普普通通的英文句子,一到吕叔湘先生手里, 他总能译出特色。"Is it necessary to shout"句子本很简单,换作 另一个人来译,八九不离十是类似这样的一句:"有必要大喊大叫吗" 或者更通俗一点"干吗嘲嘲嚷嚷的"也能够说是"信,达,切"了,而吕 先生却并不甘心,为了译出说话人的含蓄,委婉的口气,他将原句译成"非得叫唤不可吗"并在前面加上"说话就说话"这么一句,将说话人 不愿或不敢张扬事态,想好言好语同听话人交流的心理曲曲折折地传达 了出来。

综合教程1汉译英参考答案

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