专题01 复合名词的主要构成方式(原卷版)

2020年高考英语词汇解题妙招

专题01 复合名词的主要构成方式（原卷版）众所周知，名词是英语词汇中比例最大的词，掌握了名词就解决了词汇的大多数。本节将介绍名词合成法。

名词合成法：就是两个或两个以上的词合成一个新的名词。其主要方法有以下几个，我将在以下练习题中详细讲解。

请找出下列句中的合成词, 说明构成的类型并指出单词意思及句子意义。（所有句子均选自2019全国卷I）

1.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.

【答案】deadlines

【解析】形容词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：. 最终期限；（监狱范围的）死线；复数deadlines

句意：截止日期和你需要申请什么取决于这个项目。

2.Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.

【答案】website

【解析】名词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：网站（全球资讯网的主机站）；复数websites

句意：访问政府网站，了解可以帮助30岁以下的人提高技能、找到工作或全年创业的项目和在线工具。

3.If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program.

【答案】teenager

【解析】名词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：十几岁的青少年；十三岁到十九岁的少年；复数teenagers

句意：如果你是一个青少年生活在省内某些地区,你可以有资格做这个项目。

4.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.

【答案】The 8-year-old

【解析】The+数词+名词+形容词→名词；

合成词意思：8岁的孩子

句意：这个8岁的孩子是班上爱开玩笑的人。

5.You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.

【答案】Stewardship

【解析】名词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：管理工作；管事人的职位及职责

句意：今年夏天，你可以申请成为一名青少年管理员，为当地的自然资源管理项目工作8周。

6.Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.

【答案】bathroom

【解析】名词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：浴室，厕所

句意：惠利回忆(回想起)在今年年初,当要求阅读,克里斯会如何借口去洗手间。

7.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feel ing confident.”

【答案】classroom

【解析】名词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：教室

句意：威利说，对一个走进教室时没有自信的孩子来说，吹嘘自己和自己最好的品质是非常困难的。

8.As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces.

【答案】fingerprint

【解析】名词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：指纹

句意：数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍,市场增长的生物(生物测量)技术像指纹扫描让其他人远离私人电子空间。

9.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.

【答案】keyboard

【解析】名词+名词→名词；

句意：这个智能键盘精确测量一个人的手指适用于每个键盘及压力的节奏。

10.Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.

【答案】password

【解析】动词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：密码

句意：因此，键盘可以确定人们的身份，进而决定他们是否应该被允许访问与之连接的计算机，而不管某人的密码是否正确。

11.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.

【答案】Everybody

【解析】形容词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：每个人

句意：每个人都使用键盘，每个人的打字方式也不一样。

12.I was the queen of the playground.

【答案】playground

【解析】动词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：操场

句意：我是操场上的皇后。

13.The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.

【答案】friendships

【解析】名词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：友谊

句意：这些可爱的、与他人相处融洽的品质可以增进校园友谊，提高人际交往能力，如果能及早发现，还能在日后的生活和工作中得到应用。

14.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too.

【答案】outcomes

【解析】副词+动词→名词；

句意：在分析他的研究和其他研究时，Dr. 普林斯坦得出了另一个结论:可爱不仅与积极的生活结果有关，还与这些结果有关。

15."Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.

【答案】somebody

【解析】代词+名词→名词；

合成词意思：人们，某人

句意：他说:“被人喜欢创造了学习的机会，创造了新的生活体验，帮助人们获得优势。”

小试牛刀：请找出下列句中的合成名词, 说明构成的类型并指出单词意思及句子意义。（所有句子均选自2019全国卷I&全国卷II）

1.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside.

2. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

3.At the base is a rainforest.

4. Further up, the weather changes — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass.

5.Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks.

6.Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.

7.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

8.I became interested in playing football thanks to a small accident.

9.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

10. Where did the woman go at the weekend?

11. What did John enjoy doing in his childhood?

12.Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books.

13.Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.

14.This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around.

15.After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.

16. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.