英语字母组合发音规律

1．开音节

1）以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。例：be，he。

2）以辅音字母（r 除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节。例：make，like。

* 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。

2．闭音节: 以一个或几个辅音字母（r 除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，称为闭音节。例：map，desk，is。

* 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。

字母a，e，i，o，u 在重读音节中的读法

字母名称位置读音举例

a /ei/

开音节 /ei/ name，take 闭音节 /? / map，bag

e /i:/

开音节 /i:/ be，he 闭音节 /e/ egg，best

i /ai/

开音节 /ai/ like，kite 闭音节 /i/ bit，fit

o /ou/

开音节 /Eu/ note，no 闭音节 // dog，lot

u /ju:/

开音节 /ju:/ mute，use 闭音节 // bus，cut

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母读音例词

a 在开音节中[ei] name plane Jane baby cake

在闭音节中[?] bag dad hat map black back

e 在开音节中[i:] he these me Chinese

在闭音节中[e] bed let pen desk yes egg

i 在开音节中[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite

在闭音节中fish big drink sit milk swim

o 在开音节中[Eu] those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中[E] clock not box shop sock

u 在开音节中[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday，但u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super。但u在闭音节中[∧] bus cup jump much lunch

二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母读音例词

a在[w]音后面[C] want what watch wash quality

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前[α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前[ai] find child light high

o在-st -ld前[ou] most postcard old cold

o在m n v th前[∧] come monkey love mother

三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母读音例词

a [E] China another woman breakfast

[i ] orange comrade village cabbage

e [E] hundred student open weekend

[i ] chicken pocket begin children

i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal

[ai] exercise satellite

o [e] second tonight somebody welcome

[Eu] also zero photo

u [E] autumn difficult

[ju(:)] popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如operate u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:) ]音，例如：July influence February issue

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作音。

四、-r音节元音字母组合

1、在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词⑴、ar 一般发音[α:] car farm dark sharpener 在[w]音后面[c:] warm quarter towards

⑵、or 一般发音[c:] forty morning short 在[w]音后面[E:] word worker worse

⑶、er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday

⑷、辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry sorry hurry

2、在非重读音节中通常读[E]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

五、-re音节元音字母组合

1、在重读音节中的读音

are [εE] care dare hare ere [iE] here mere

ire [aiE] fire hire wire ore [c:] more score before ure [juE] pure cure

2、在非重读音节中are ere ire ore很少出现，ure在非重读音节中读[E]音，例如：picture pleasure

3、重读元音字母+r+非重读元音字母组时，重读元音字母应按a(e,i,o,u)re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring

4、某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph

六、元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音

元音字母组合读音例词

ai/ay [ei] rain wait day play

air [εE] air hair chair pair repair

al 在f,m,s前后[c:] small ball talk wall all

[ c: l ] always also salt almost [α:] half calm

au/aw [c:] autumn daughter draw

ea的发音 [i:] teach easy cheap please

[e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great

ear [iE] hear dear near clear year

[εE] bear pear wear swear [E:] earth learn early

ee [i:] jeep week green three

eer [iE] pioneer deer beer

ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key

eu/ew在j l r s后

[ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew jewelry

ie/ei[s]音之后[i:] piece field receive

oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor [?:] roar board door floor

oi/oy [?i] noise point boy toilet

oo ：1. 重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;也),zoo(动物园),

2. 在辅音字母f, l, m, n, p,s,t前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋顶),school(学校),room(房间),soon(不久),loop(圈,环),goose(鹅)boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿)等.有二个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);:foot[u](脚);

3. 字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(书),look(看),特例词:food[u:](食物);

4. 在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。如:bedroom(卧

室),classroom(教室)等;

5. 在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[∧]的音。如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.

6. 后接r时字母组合oo发音素[?:] door,floor

ou/ow [au] flower house count down

[ou] know row throw though [∧] young country enough

[u:] group you soup

our [?:] course your four [auE] our hour ours [E:] journey

ui在j l r s后[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u ] juice fruit suit

七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音

元音字母组合或字群读音例词

ai/ay , ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey

ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee

-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation

-sion在元音字母后[Vn] vision decision occasion

-tion在s后[t∫En] question suggestion

-sten [sn] listen

-stle [sl] whistle

-sure [VE] pleasure measure

-ture [t∫E] picture culture

八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[C:]

有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：sun太阳+ day[ei]日子＞Sunday 星期天holy神圣+ day[ei]日子＞holiday 假日break中断+ fast[α:]斋戒＞breakfast[E] 早餐cup茶杯+ board木板[C:] ＞cupboard[E] 碗柜

九、辅音字母组合的读音

辅音字母组合读音例词

b [b] bike bus bag

[/] bomb tomb

（1）后跟元音字母a，o，u时，字母c发[k]，例如：cat，come，cut，cake picture coat music；后跟e，i，y时，字母c发[s]，例如：nice，decide，Lucy，face decide cinema。（2）后跟辅音字母k，r，s，t，以及位于单词最后时，字母c发[k]，例如：black，crossing，politics，dictate，picnic。

（3）单词中有双写字母c，后跟元音字母e或i时第一个c发[k]，第二个c发[s]，例如：successful，accident；后跟其它元音字母或字母组合时，两个c合发一个[k]，例如：account。

（4）后跟字母组合ei，er，ie或与词尾的字母e组合时，c发[s]，例如：receive，certainly，society；后跟字母组合ia时，c发[∫]，例如：especially。

一般读作[t∫]much chick rich teacher

[k] chemist（化学家），chem-istry（化学），chemical（化学的），Christmas（圣诞节）， headache（头痛），school（学校）等6个单词中读[k]

[∫] machine

-ck [k] cock pocket black knock

d [d] doctor bread hand day

-dge [dV] bridge fridge

dr- [dr] children driver drink

f [f] five four breakfast

g在e i/y前[g] bag garden go

[dV] orange large German

gh字母组合的读音在中学英语课本中归纳起来主要有“发音”和“不发音”两种情况。

一、gh在下列三种情况下发音

1．gh在词首时，读作/g/。例：ghost/g?ust/

2．词首为字母1，且后跟字母组合augh时，gh读作/f/。例：laugh/la:f/，laughter/'la:ft?/，cough ，enough

3．词尾为字母组合ough时，gh读作/f/。例：enough /i'n?f/，cough/k?f/，rough/r?f/，tough/t?f/

二、gh在下列五种情况下不发音

1．gh 在元音字母i后不发音。例：bright/brait/，fight/fait/，frighten/'fraitn/，high/hai/，light/lait/，might/mait/，night/nait/，right/rait/，sight/sait/，slight/slait/

2．gh在元音字母组合ei和ai后不发音。例：eight/eit/，eighth/eitθ/，neighbor/'neib?/，straight/streit/，weigh/wei/，weight/weit/

3．gh在字母组合ought中不发音。例：bought/b?：t/，brought/br?：t/，fought/f?：t/，thought/θ?：t/

4．字母组合augh前面不是1时，gh不发音。caught/k?：t/，daughter/'d?：t?/，naught/n?：t/，naughty/'n?：ti/，taught/t?：t/

5．词尾为ough的词，如以上所述，有的发/f/，但有时也不发音。例：although/?：l'e?u/，plough/plau/，through/θru：/，though/e?u/，thorough/'θ?r?/

注意：若gh不是字母组合，而是分属于前后两个不同的音节时，不适合以上规则。例：dininghall/'daini?h?：l/

gu-

-guegu在非重读音节中[g] guess league dialogue

[gw] language anguish

[h] hot head house hand

[/] hour honest

j [dV] jeep jar joke join July

k [k] kind bike skate make week

kn- [n] knife know knock

l [l] life milk school tall

m [m] monkey come autumn

-mn [m] autumn column solemn

n在[k] [g]音前[n] not shine ten note

[N] uncle thank hungry

-ng [N] morning young wrong

p [p] paper plane pig ship pen

ph [f] elephant photo telephone

q [k] Iraq

qu- [kw] quality quite

r [r] red rubber ruler

s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前[s] sit sleep desk

[z] music husband

sc- [sk] scarlet

[s] muscle science

sh [∫] she fish shirt wash

[t] ten letter meet

在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前[∫] patient nation

tch [t∫] watch

th有清与浊两种读音：

1 当位于词首时，可以从词性上判别其应有的读音。请看：

第一类：在以下 4种词类 th 读清音，即国际音标的θ：

a. Noun 名词：thing, theatre, thumb 大拇指, thunder 雷,thermos 热水瓶, Thursday, theory, theme, throat 喉咙, thread 线

b. Verb 动词：think, thank, throw, thrive, thicken,

c. Numeral 数词：three, thirteen, thirty, third, thousand

d. Adjective 形容词：thin, thick, thirsty, thoughtful, thorough 彻底的

第二类：在以下两种词类 th 读浊音：

a. Pronoun 代词：they, them, their, theirs, this, these, that, those, there

b. Functional terms 功能词：the, than, then, though, thus, therefore

2 当位于词尾（或音节之尾）时，其读音多数是清音，如：bath, breath, both, cloth, tooth, health, wealth, arithmetic 等。只有在少数单词中，如：with, smooth 中读浊音。

3 当位于两个元音之间时，其读音多数是浊音。如：other, mother, brother, another, father, weather, feather, leather, further, breathe 。但是，也有读清音的，如在单词 method, nothing, anything, sympathy, sympathetic, mathematics, healthy, wealthy, Luther, Marathon(马拉松)等。

tr- [tr] tree train country truck

v [v] very voice love leave

[w] week win wake sweet wait [/] Answer two

wh-

wh-在字母o 前 [w] what when white why

[h] who whose whole

x 在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] example exist exact

wr- [r] write y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo

26个字母发音规律a /ei/ name cake table /?/ apple cat map am/α: / want dance /o/ what watch b /b/ book big bag box c /k/ cat cake cup clock car /s/ face nice pencil books /dз / age orangeh /h/ hat he house handi /ai / fine bike five ice/i/ is sit miss pig picture j / dз / jeep jam

jacket jar k /k/ kite cake

black thank l /l/ leg left ruler

flag lamp /l/ apple bowl tell

p /p/ map jeep pig pen appleq /kw / quite quilt quickr /r/ red radio brother rackets

/s/ sit miss this smile books /z/ nose those rose rulers

t /t/ it sit not that table little u /ju: / use usually excuse /Λ / bus us sun

y /ai / my fly why bye / j / yes yellow / i / happy baby

veryz / z / zoo zero

元音组合

ai /ei/ wait paint ay /ei/ may play day say

d /d/ desk doll dog dad

e /i:/ he she meet me /e/ elephant egg bed pen

f /f/ fine friend fly foot fan

g /ɡ/ gun glass glad glove old m/m/ am map my mout

h milk n /n/ no know new hand o /?u / old home nose coke /o/ dog not clock box /Λ / son month

mother love

duck

/ u /

put pull push

v /v / five vase

very seven

w /w/ we window

watch want

x /ks

/ box six fox

air /ε? / air hair chair al /o: / tall small ball ar /α: / farther farm car arm

ea /i:/ meat please tea read /e/ head bread ready / i? / theaterear / i? / ear hear near / ε? / bear / ?: / earth

ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep eir / ε? / their er / ? / worker teacher / ?: / her ere /i ? / here /ε? / where there ew /ju: / new few /u: / flew grewight /ai / right high brightir /?: / bird girl shirt thirty

oa /?u / boat coat ong /o? / long song

oo /u/ book foot good

/u:/ moon balloon or / : / short fork port /?: / word world work oor /o: / door floor

ou / au / out house mouthour /o: / four your /au? / ourow/ ?u / bowl window /au / now cow flower oy /oi/ boy toy ur / ?: / turn 辅音组合 th /θ/ thank mouth / δ/ this that with

tr /tr/ tree train truckdr /dr/ dress driver sh /∫/ shirt wash shortch /t∫/ child chair catch

/ k /

school Christmas

/ dз/ sandwich

tw /tw/ two twin

twenty

wh /w/ white wheel

what

/h/ who whose whom ts /ts/ jackets kites

/dz/ birds friends

ore /o:/ more store

sore

x: 这个字母跟f,l,m,n,s,z一样同属限音/e/一族，什么叫限音/e/呢，就是这些字母的读音都含有/e/,限音的意思就是这些字母在组成单词的时候，发音要去掉/e/，比如x这个字母的发音是/eks/，那么在它组合单词的时候，发间就变成了/ks/。同样的，其它几个限音/e/一族也遵循着这个规律。（当然有时会有浊化音的产生，比如说s的读音为/es/，在单词中有时会读成/s/，有时则会浊化为/z/）。m: 这个字母多发两个音，由于音标是一样的，所以在这里没法对两个读音作区分，那么在这里只需记住一个单词就可以清楚的了解在什么情况下m 这个字母发何种音，这个单词就是mum，很简单，m在元音前和在元音后所发的音是不一样的。y: 这个字母号称半元音。它在组合单词的时候一共有三种发音，分别是/j/,/ai/,/i/。当y在词首的时候，它发/j/，如yes,yard,yet等。当y存在于词中和词尾的时候又分为两种情况：1、当单词中没有元音的时候，y发/ai/，如my,fly.2、在单词中已经含有元音的时候，y 发音为/i/,如family, sorry.