英语写作技巧：用词简洁

“简洁”的反面是“啰嗦”。好文章要简洁，不应啰嗦。

下列两个句子中，(a) 属啰嗦型，(b) 是简洁体：

(1) a. The stranger was conveyed to his place of

residence in an intoxicated condition.

b. The stranger was carried home drunk.

(2) a. No one sees the necessity for a meeting now.

b. No one feels it necessary to meet now.

用词要怎样才算是简洁呢?

下面是三个能够遵循的原则：

1. 删除掉不必要的字眼，如：

(3) The downpour, which started last night, has come to a stop now.

这里的形容词从句“which ...... night”可有可无，无比有好，去掉，然后再把句子简化如下：

“Last night's downpour has stopped now.”

(4) It happened that Mr. Yap was elected to the position

of Chairman of the well-established Singapore Literature Society that existed in this country.

这个句子内容简单，但却有24个字，其中有个主句和两个从句，

显然啰嗦复杂了些，能够简化如下：

“Mr. Yap was elected Chairman of this country's well-established Singapore Literature Society.”

2. 试用一个贴切的词取代几个同义词，如：

(5) David, the director, called me up on the phone.

这里的“on the phone”和片语动词“called up”发生冲突，只好把它牺牲了，或把句子改写：

“David, the director, called me up./David, the directr, telephoned me.”

(6) John walked very hastily down the street leading to the bus station.

这里的“walked very hastily”和“hurried”同义。为什么弃简从繁呢?

3. 试把过于冗长的句子加以节缩，如：

(7) The increasing filthy water in some areas through

poll ution has troubled and upset environmental scientists

for a period of one and a half decades.

→ The increasing water pollution in some areas has upset environmental scientists for 15 year

(8) All students in college are required to take

different tests. These tests are for the purpose of determining what courses the students are suitable to take.

→ All college students are required to take different tests to determine what courses suit them.

(9) ALthough the story is supernatural in nature, the story-teller manages to put over his point and show the effects on a person when he is confronted with the fact that

there exists a certain degree of evil in everyone's physical make up.

→ The story-teller uses supernatural elements to imply that there is a certain degree of evil in a person.

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表对前面论述的转折// 一般后面才是作者观点 however// on the other hand // despite // in spite of // ^ though // although // but // on the contrary otherwise// yet // instead of // rather // whereas // nonetheless // in contrast 确定(of course) 强烈的确定// 后面是作者的坚定论点 obviously// certainly // plainly // of course // undoubtedly 条件/ 因为(if ) 后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。 if // unless // whether // provided that // // Given that // for // so that // whether // depending on 时间(when ) before // since // as // until // meanwhile // at the moment // when // whenever // as soon as // just as ,

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有关英语四级考试作文最后突击:30个最经典替换词英语四级, 作文, 考试, 经典有关英语四级考试作文最后突击:30个最经典替换词以下是英语四级考试30个最经典的替换词，各位同学可以参考一下。 1、individuals,characters, folks替换(people, persons) 2、positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good 3、dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad ，如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换 Eg： An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 4、(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many. 注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。 Eg： Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理用most, if not all ,替换most. 5、a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some 6、 harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因为是书面语，所以要加that) 7、affair ,business ,matter 替换thing 8、shared 代 common

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一、＂There be＂结构考生病句： 1. There are many people like to go to the movies. 2. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people. 正确表达： 1. There are many people who like to go to the movies. 2. There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market. 这两个例句的错误比较有普遍性，因为在历次考试中有不少考生不能正确运用there be这一最常用的句式。在这种结构中，there是引导词，没有实际意义。be在句中作谓语，有时态和数的变化。例如： 1. There was no school in the village at that time. (=there was not a school...) 注意：在否定句中，否定词用no，也可用not a或not any。not a后接单数名词，not a 后接复数名词，no后面的名词单复数都可以。 2. There is not a moment to be lost. 3. There are many people rushing into the cities every year. 4. There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents. 5. There is no use holding back the wheel of history. 从以上例句还可看出，句中的主语后面可接多种修饰语，如介词短语、不定式短语、定语从句、分词短语等等。这无疑使该结构增加了表现力，使句子表达内容更加丰富。在运用这一结构时，考生最容易犯的错误是在there be之后又用了一个动词作谓语，使句子结构出现严重错误。这里列举的考生的典型错误均属这种情况，对此我们在写作中要格外注意。二、比较结构考生病句： 1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster. 2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities. 正确表达： 1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster. 2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities. 评议与分析：许多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比较，但相当多的表达有误。在例1中，对两个事物进行比较的句式为Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的过去分词，不能用现在分词，因为B是分词的逻辑主语，只能被比较。在例2中，考生误将"天气"与"城市"进行比较，而二者没有可比性，只有将后者改为"其他城市的天气"才符合逻辑，很显然，考生的错误是受了汉语表达习惯的影响。比较结构是常用结构，正确地使用这一结构可以使文章的句式增加变化，有利于提高写作成绩。一般说来，考生若能恰当、正确地运用这一结构，其写作成绩应在5分以上。下面是比较结构的一些常用的表达方法。 1．同级比较 1）In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years. 2）We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years in the past. 2．比较级 1）Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before. 2）We can live longer without food than we can (live ) without water.