2007年同济大学博士研究生入学考试试题

同济大学2007年博士研究生入学考试试题

编号：101 考试科目：英语

答题要求：答案一律写在答题纸上。

1． Vocabulary(10%)

Directions：For each of the following sentences there are four choices. Choose the best one to complete the sentence. Mark your choices on the answer sheet.

1．The man had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke he ______himself．

A．exposed B．revealed C．betrayed D．disclosed

2. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to ______funds from armaments to health and education．

A．derive B．deprive C. dispatch D．divert

3．Democratic government is a phrase that is notoriously hard to ________.

A．credit B．defy C．modify D．define

4. I reject absolutely the _____that privatization is now inevitable in our industry．

A. perception B．notion C．impression D．concept

5. With the economy of the county going strong，the ______mood is one of optimism．

A．presiding B，circulating C．floating D. prevailing

6. The panel will consider whether or not Mr．Wilson has been ________serious professional misconduct.

A．wary of B．guilty of C．confronted with D．reduced to

7. It is a ____of our company to give refunds if goods are faulty.

A．policy B．discipline C．decision D．determination

8. He had always been _______ the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment

A．unaware of B．cautious about C．oblivious to D. subject to

9．Since a circle has no beginning or end，the wedding ring is a symbol of _______love．A．constant B．infinite C．prolonged D．eternal

10．Dick，who had failed the math test，was sitting．on a bench in the corner, ______over his disappointment．

A．brooding B．mediating C．apologizing D．complaining

11. Last week the seamen＇s strike led to the _______closure of the whole vast dock area．

A．actual B．virtual C．factual D．local

12．In the garden bees moved from _________flowers to purple ones．

A．colorful B．prosperous C．scarlet D．brilliant

13．Professor Smith has already retired but his teachings still _____a strong influence on his students.

A．perform B．exhibit C．exert D. execute

14．When they asked him about it，he said it was no ______ of theirs and wouldn＇t tell them anything.

A．concern B．relation C. connection D．relevance

15．The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking the their _______ in the jungle．after

dark．

A．victim B．favorite C．prey D．sacrifice

16．I have absolutely no ______of ever meeting him before．

A．reminiscence B．reminder C．recall D．recollection

17. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and ______ by its decisions.

abide

observe C.

D.

precede

A.

stand

B.

18. Every weekend when I came back from school, Mother prepared meals ______ enough for a Sahara-bound camel and made me eat them up.

A. adequate

B. delicious

C. proficient

D. substantial

19. As the fat man sat down, the folding chair ______ under him, with a loud noise of tearing canvas.

sustained

A.

distorted D.

yielded B.

collapsed C.

20. Modern artists often need financial support but they have difficulty in finding wealthy ______.

millionaires D.

patrons C.

volunteers

A.

admirers B.

II. Reading Comprehension (50%)

Direction: For each of the following passages there are five questions or unfinished is followed by five statements. For each of them there are four choices, choose the best one to answer the question or complete the statement.

Passage 1

In managing information resources, the medium may be the key to an effective system. The medium is a vehicle, a tool, or a container for holding information; the information itself is the thing of value.

There popular categories of information media are paper, film, and electronic system. The media choice must not be viewed as a choice among these three, however, it must be viewed as an opportunity to select from a multitude of media possibilities in combinations, that build effective systems. In many instances the person responsible for information-resource management is not the person who determines the medium in which information will be created. In such a case, the manager of a firm＇s information resources faces a challenge in making a significant contribution to the organization＇s objectives.

For effective management of information resources, media conversion may be necessary. examples include keying or scanning paper documents to convert them to electronic media. Other processes convert electronic media from one format to another. For example, disk files created on one system may not be compatible with another system. Various hardware and software combinations can be used to convert files to formats that equipment will accept. For information generated within organizations, this necessity of making systems compatible may be eliminated by cooperative planning. However, very little control can be exercised over the media used to generate information that comes to your organization from the outside.

The medium for information may be selected to satisfy. a need that excite when information is created and communicated. For example, a paper record may be created because of its portability and because no special equipment is necessary for later references to that information; electronic transmission may be selected because it is the fastest means of communicating information. A firm may use electronic mail because a network already exists for on-line computer

communication. The additional application may cost less than postage to mail paper memos.

21. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?

A. Media Selection in Managing Information Resources.

B. The Importance and Necessity of Media Conversion

C. Three Categories of Information Media.

D. Various Means of Communicating Information

22. The first paragraph aims telling the reader ______.

A. the importance of information resources management

B. the relationship between the medium and information

C. the great variety of media for holding information

D. the numerous resources of information

23. According to the author, ______.

A. paper is the best storage device

B. people have three choices in selecting information media

C. it is better to let the person responsible for information-resource management determine the medium

D. the manager should build an effective system by selecting a good combination of different media

24. For effective management of information resources, the manager should ______.

A. convert all paper documents to electronic media

B. make media conversion when necessary

C. control the media used to generate information both inside and outside his organization

D. use one format in processing information

25. The main idea of the last paragraph is ______.

A. paper record is the most convenient medium for later reference

B. electronic mail costs less than postage to mail paper memos

C. different media for information may be selected for different purposes

D. by using different media, a firm can create various in formation for its objectives Passage 2

＂digital, digital, digital＂ continues to grow in volume worldwide. Digital of

chant

The

cameras, digital video camcorders, video CD players, DVD, cellular phones, and a host of computer peripherals are moving the trend along at a breathtaking rate. For the average person, it may seem like a remote and puzzling phenomenon meant only for the technologically adept.

Virtually every aspect of our lives could be affected by the digital revolution. Here is a hypothetical scenario to show the possibilities: A real estate agent in Seattle uses a digital still camera to take some pictures of a house she＇s trying to sell., She transfers them to her computer, digitally retouches and enhances them, and posts them on her company＇s Internet Web site. In Singapore, a buyer sees the pictures and asks via electronic mail for more information. The agent replies via e-mail and attaches the text and a digital video clip to her message. Later the buyer flies to Seattle, inspects the property, and seals the deal.

One of the biggest marketing surprises of the current age is the digital still camera. Once prohibitively expensive, these cameras have radically dropped in price while gaining in resolution

and other features. Although they often resemble traditional cameras, they don＇t use film. Instead, they store images on either a small removable memory card or on the memory chip inside the camera.

The beauty of digital photography is that while you＇ll spend relatively more for a digital camera, you＇ll save a lot on film processing costs, because there aren＇t any. You can also discard digital pictures and keep shooting. Better yet, you can use software to enhance or alter the image. In quality, the images consumer-level digital cameras produce do not compare to ones you＇d get from a 35mm camera. For the most part, though, digital photos are meant to be viewed on a computer monitor, and so their resolution is more than acceptable. In a world where the speed at which you distribute information often means the difference between success and failure, and immediacy supersedes quality in importance, may people are finding a use for digital camera.

26. From the first paragraph we know the average person thinks ____.

A. the digital age is far away

B. digital is too complicated for him

C. digital age is dreadful

D. both a and b

27. In the second paragraph the writer used an example to show that _____.

A. any real estate agent should use digital still camera

B. digital still camera should be used together with Internet Web

C. digital age is gaining momentum

D. house dealing can be made easier

28. _____ could be the best summary of the last two paragraphs.

A. Digital still camera and traditional camera

B. Pros and cons of digital still camera

C. Capturing the world digitally

D. The way to use digital still camera

29. All the following are the advantages of digital still camera EXCEPT ______.

A. no need of film

B. easy to carry

C. the image can be changed

D. high resolution

30. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

A. New Digital Age of Interactivity

B. Digital Still Camera

C. One Application of Computer

D. Goodbye Analog, Hello Digital

Passage 3

In the days immediately following hurricane Andrews deadly visit to South Florida, Allstate Insurance hastily dispatched more than 2,000 extra clang adjusters to the devastated area to assist the 200 stationed there. Many of the reserves rived in convoys of motor homes. Others flew in from as far away as Alaska and California. Since the storm had knocked out telephone lines, Allstate rushed to set up its own communications system. Allstate expects to pay out $1.2 billion to cover more than 121,000 damage claims as a result of Andrew.

All told, U.S, property and casualty insurers have been hit with more than $8 billion in Andrew-related claims, making the hurricane the most costly single calamity to strike the industry since the San Francisco earthquake and fire in 1906 ( cost: $6 billion, after inflation). With claims continuing to pour in, Andrew threatens to take a painful toll on the already battered property-casualty insurance industry and its 100 million policy-holders. The final bill, analysts predict, is likely to top $10 billion. While most well-capitalized insurers are expected to weather the storm, less anchored firms are in danger of being blown away, leaving U.S. consumers stuck with the tab. Says Sean Mooney, senior researcher at the Insurance Information Institute: ＂It will take years before the industry digs itself out from the wreckage left by Andrew. Some (companies) will be buried by it?

Hurricane Andrew is the latest in a string of mishaps to plague the American insurance industry this year. In April an over flowing Chicago River flooded the city＇s downtown district, costing insurers $300million in claims. A month later, Los Angles was rocked by the worst civilian riot in the U.S. since the Civil War. The insurance toll: $1 billion. Then came a series of major hailstorms in Texas. Florida and Kansas. They cost insurers a combined $700 million. And two weeks after Andrew, another lethal hurricane, Iniki, smashed into Hawaii, causing $ 1.4 billion in damages. In all, property and casualty insurers have paid out a record $13 billion in claims so far this year, far surpassing the previous high of $7.6 billion in 1989, the year of Hurricane Hugo and California＇s Bay Area earthquake. Just as in that year, when those catastrophes were followed by substantial increases in insurance premiums, insurers are already lobbying for rate relief.

31. According to the passage. ＂Allstate Insurance＂most likely refers to ____.

A. one of the property and casualty insurers in the U.S.

B. the only insurance company responsible for the damage claims by Andrew

C. the insurance industry as a whole

D. the biggest insurance company in the U.S.

32. As is stated in the second paragraph, the result of hurricane Andrew is likely to _______.

A. lead to inflation throughout the U.S.

B. make the largest insurers suffer the most

C. put the industry in South Florida out of action

D. cause insurers with insufficient funds to go bankrupt

33. Using context clues, we may infer that ＂stuck with the tab＂most probably means _____.

＂caught in the hurricane＂

A.

＂exposed to natural disasters＂

B.

＂trapped in financial difficulties＂

C.

＂extremely vulnerable to further damages＂

D.

35. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.

A. show the severe damages and heavy losses caused by Hurricane Andrew

B. suggest that U.S. insurers are virtually unable to cover the damage claims any more

C. tell about the difficult situation faced by the insurers throughout the U.S.

D. prove that disasters tend to cause ever worsening devastation as time goes on.

Passage 4

Steve Courtney wrote historical novels. Not, he was quick to explain, over colorful love stories of the kind that made so much money for so many women writer, but novels set, and

correctly set, in historical periods. Whatever difference he saw in his own books, his readers did

not seem to notice it, and his readers were nearly all women. He had studied at university, but he

had not been a particularly good student, and he had never afterwards let any academic knowledge

he had gained interfere with his writing.

Helen, his wife, who did not have a very high opinion of her husband's ability as a novelist,

had been careful to say when she married him that she was not historically minded.

Above all, Helen was doubtful whether her relationship with Steve would work at all in the

village of Stretton, to which they had just moved. It was Steve who had wanted to move to the

country, and she had been glad of the change, in principle, whatever doubts she was now having

about Stretton as a choice. But she wondered whether Steve would not, before very long, want

to live in London again, and what she would do if he did. The Stretton house was not a weekend

cottage. They had moved into it and given up the London flat altogether, partly at least, she suspected, because that she Steve's idea of what a successful author ought to do. However, she thought he was not going to feel like a successful author half as much in Stretton as

he had in London. On the other had, she supposed he might just start dashing up to London for

the day to see his agent or have lunch with his publisher, leaving her behind in Stretton, and

she thought on the whole she would like that.

36. What was Steve＇s attitude towards women who wrote love stories?

A. He would have liked to earn as much money as they did.

B. He was afraid of being compared unfavorably with them

C. He did not think he could write about the same subjects

D. He had a low opinion of the kind of books they wrote

37. What did Helen have to be careful to hide?

A. Her lack of interest in history

B. Her low opinion of her husband＇s writing

C. Her dislike of her husband＇s writing

D. Her inability to husband＇s admirers.

38. What were Helen＇s feelings about the move from London to Stretton?

A. She wanted to remain in the country

B. She had been unwilling to leave London

C. She thought it was time to return to undon

39. Helen thought Steve might not be content in Stretton because ______.

A. he would not be able to write so well in the country

B. he would not feel so important in Stretton

C. his relationship with Helen was changing

D. he would not be lonely without all his London friends

40. The passage as a whole suggests that Steve＇s novels were _____.

A. popular but unimportant

B. serious works of literature

C. admired for their historical truth

D. written with women readers in mind

Passage 5

The sixties have been misunderstood. It was not a radical decade, as the term radical is commonly used in connection with those years. It was not a decade of the left ascendant. Rampant, perhaps but not ascendant. Rather, the decade was radical radicalizing, which, subsequent decades have shown, is different. Politically, the sixties invigorated the right more than the left. But of course politics is not everything. In fact, three decades down the road, the nation＇s political discourse may be driven by conservatives, but they, although by many measures triumphant, seem aggrieved because politics seems peripheral to, and largely impotent against, cultural forces and institutions permeated with what conservatives consider the sixties sensibilities.

Treating a decade as a discrete entity obviously makes the assumption that history during that decade had an obliging tidiness, opening with a decisive and tone-setting episode and closing with a suitably climatic event. History rarely accommodates that assumption. Such a treatment of a decade also makes the equally dubious assumption that the decade in question had a clearly dominant tone or profile. So the 1920s was the decade of jazz., flappers, the birth of the sports celebrity (Babe Ruth, Red Grange, Jack Dempsey), the Lost Generation, Sacco and Vanzetti and ...Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover.

Let us stipulate this, then: A decade, even one as intensely felt at the time and as hotly debated afterward as the sixties was and is, can come to seem, when recollected in tranquility, quite unlike the decade as it was felt at the time, and unlike the decade as it is portrayed by people with an emotional or political investment in portraying it a particular way.

It is arguable that we should think of the sixties as beginning in November 1963 and ending in October 1973. That is, the years we connect with the tumultuousness associated with the phrase ＂the sixties＂ began with the assassination of a president and ended with the Yom Kippur War and the energy crisis. The assassination shattered (or at least many people say it did ) the nation＇s sunny postwar disposition; it supposedly ＂ended American innocence.＂ It is unclear how innocent was this nation that had been made possible by Puritans, had been founded by such innocents as Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and James Madison, had been born in the bloodshed of what actually was not only the American Revolution but also America＇s first civil war, had been preserved by the worst civil war the world had until then seen...you get the picture. The sixties as a decade of ＂lost innocence＂? Please. The 1973 oil embargo, which produced a sense of national vulnerability and pervasive limits, did seem to bring down a curtain on something. But on what?

41. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. A radical period in American history

B. Different events in the sixties

C. The true picture of the sixties

D. Real radicals in the sixties

42. Which of the following features describes the sixties according to the passage?

Radical

A.

Ascendant

B.

Withdrawing

C.

Rampant

D.

43. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. The sixties should not be judged separately

B. It is impossible to make assumptions about any decade

C. People tend to misunderstand some events in history

D. History presents many confusing phenomena to people

44. It can be inferred from the passage that people regard the sixties as

dangerous

A.

peaceful

B.

chaotic

C.

unbearable

D.

45. It can be most safely concluded from the passage that the 1973 oil embargo _____.

A.

America＇s weakness

reflected

America＇s great power in the world

B.

showed

didn＇t affect America at all

C.

D.

America＇s position in the world

changed

III． Translation (20%)

Direction: Translate the following passage in to Chinese. Write your translation on the answer sheet.

It is not enough to know what is right and what is wrong. One must also be able to apply this knowledge to actual, concrete situations. For that, the virtue of prudence is essential.

St Thomas Aquinas referred to prudence as the ＂rudder virtue＂ the one that ＂steers＂the others. Without it, we are like someone adrift in a boat, tossed

in this direction or that by the wind, the waves, and the current. Unfortunately, the virtue of prudence has too often been confused with caution. Thus, the ＂prudent＂person is one who never ＂rocks the boat＂and is especially careful to aroid is the wisest and most moral course of action to take.

The word that actually come closest to fulletining as a synonym for prudence is ＂discernment＂. The prudent person is one who can ＂size Up a situation and decide. What is the, what is the wisest and most moral course of action to take.

prudence

doesn＇t answer the question, ＂What is the right thing in principle to Accordingly,

do? Rather, ＂What is the right thing for me (or for us) to do in this situation?＂The prudent person fully examines a situation and seeks advice from others. (Reaching out to others for counsel before acting is one of the classic marks of a prudent person.) A judgment is made in the light of this examination and advice, and then a decision is made.

IV. Writing (20%)

Directions: Read the following sentences carefully and write a composition of 250-300words according to the requirement. Write your composition on the answer sheet.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, e-mail, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

Key to Paper A

I. Vocabulary (10%)

1-10: C D D B D B A C D A

11-20: B C C A C D C D B B

II. Reading comprehension (50%)

21-30: A B D B C D C C B A

31-40: A D C A C D B D B A

41-45: C D A C A

III. Translation (20%)

只知道什么是对，什么是错，这还不够，还必须能把这一知识运用于实际的具体情况．为此，审慎这一美德便是必不可少的。

圣托马斯·阿奎那斯把审慎称为＂指导性美德＂，即指导其他美德的美德。没有它，我们就好像一个人坐在小船上随波逐流。被狂风、怒涛和激流一会儿抛向这里，一会儿抛向那里。

遗憾的是，审慎这一美德常常被人们与谨慎相混淆．因此，＂审慎＂的人就从不惹事生非，特别小心翼翼地避免冒犯那些能够增进或妨碍自己利益的人。

实际上，与审慎最接近的同义词是敏锐．审慎的人会审时度势，能确定或看出什么是应采取的最明智和最合乎道德的行为。

因此，审慎的人不回答这样的问题：＂在原则上做什么是对的?＂而回答这样的问题：＂对我(或我们)来说．在这种情况下做什么是对的？＂审慎的人考虑事情很全面．善于征求他人的意见(在行动之前设法得到他人的忠告是审慎之人的特点之一)．据此而作出判断，然后作出决定。

IV. Writing (20%)