全新版大学进阶英语第二册第六单元答案
Unit 6 Maker Movement in China
Key to Exercises
Opener
Suggested answers for reference
1. Ruler, tape, calculator, hammer, pincers, drill, wrench, saw, etc.
2. I once made a kite with knife, scissors, ruler, tape, wood and paper. At first it didn’t work too well. My father helped me improve the design and then it flew much better. It was so much more satisfying to fly a kite made by myself.
3. There are large worktables in the makerspace. Makers there are using all kinds of materials to build things. And instead of working alone, they are communicating with each other, sharing ideas and learning new skills from one another.
Reading & Interacting
I. Understanding the Text
1. Text Organization
2. Comprehension Check
2.1 Focusing on the main ideas
The maker movement is now gaining ground in China and makerspaces like Xinchejian and Seeed Studio are open to the public. A maker is someone who builds, creates or hacks physical materials. They are different from the traditional inventors who tinkered in garages. Makers often use software to design objects to be produced by desktop machines like 3-D printers. And they often cooperate and share their ideas online. The Chinese government is supporting this movement by building more government-supported innovation houses and organizing maker carnivals. And it is hoped that this movement can help Chinese industry move to a new stage. Although some observers see China’s maker movement as producing copycat goods, Mr. Pan Hao, founder of Seeed Studio, advises patience.
2.2 Digging into detail
1. They can tinker with everything from art projects to robots.
2. It can react to human touch. And it can talk.
3. He defines a maker as someone who builds, creates or hacks physical materials,
whether food, clothing or gadgets.
4. He describes makers as “the Web generation creating physical things rather than
just pixels on s creens.”
5. It is a conduit for people to say “This interactive stuff is not that scary, not that
difficult.”
6. They hope that one of the tinkerers may develop the next groundbreaking
technology.
7. It specializes in the small-scale manufacturing of experimental, niche-market
products.
8. It features a picture of the South American revolutionary Che Guevara, his head
sprouting electronic components instead of hair.
9. He wants to show that creating something original starts from learning and
copying.
2.3 Understanding difficult sentences
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
II. Focusing on Language in Context
1. Key Words & Expressions
1.1
1. For the time being, this computer system is still in its experimental stages.
2. There is a growing tendency to regard money more highly than quality of life.
3. The following table includes a list of subjects at the frontier of scientific
exploration.
4. Computer technology in all its phases from hardware to software has become
less expensive.
5. Problem solving, like other mental activities such as creativity, is hard to define
but generally easy to recognize.
6. Due to his health problems, Richard has to give up hard physical work on his
farm.
7. My storybooks occupy most of the space of my two bookshelves in my
bedroom.
8. I am eager to know where my former classmates are now.
9. Online stores are booming and continually increasing their market share.
10. Cloud-based tools enable you to engage and interact with your audience in
real-time.
11. It is amazing that Jack built a robot of his own.
12. Human beings are born with a capacity to learn languages.
13. Jack recommended to me a unique restaurant that specializes in seafood.
14. There are three promising candidates for the job.
15. Emily and her partners are working on their classroom presentation.
1.2
1. gaining ground
2. migrate
3. transforming
4. components
5. manufacture
6. executed
7. exhibited
8. sort of (hoping)
1. Emily takes an interest in making things from all types of materials.
2. This business specializes in the manufacture/manufacturing and retail sales of
garden tools.
3. The skin on our body is a good barrier to the virus, unless it is broken or cut.
4. The poster calls for people to put down their smartphones and have more
face-to-face communication with each other.
5. It is important to select and hire the best candidates for the post.
2. Word Formation
2.1
collect →collector/collection friend →friendly/friendship
impress →impressive/impression experiment →experimental
locate →location encourage →encouragement
definite →definitely employ →employer/employee/employment survive →survivor/survival hard →hardship
2.2
1. The children thoroughly enjoyed themselves at the Maker Faire in New York.
2. Below is a list of manufacturers who can turn out custom laser-cut designs and
circuit boards.
3. Roger likes reading; he is an active member of the local book club.
4. As a small country, it had to take a new road to its industrialization.
5. Nowadays many women are as successful in business as men.
6. The weather is so changeable high up in the mountains that the forecast is
sometimes not reliable.
7. These sensors can monitor speed and distance from the car in front.
8. The director of recruitment for the bank was very busy organizing interviews
and career fairs at various universities during the hiring season.
3. Sentence Patterns
1. The more you give, the more you receive.
2. The more Mike earns, the more he spends.
3. The more you explain, the more confused I am/feel.
3.2
1. John waited at the doorway, his coat dripping water.
2. Diana stood at the end of the diving board, every muscle of her body
anticipating action.
3. Jim slipped on the ice-coated steps, his head banged against the ground and his
back bruised.
4. Comprehensive Practice
4.1 Cloze
Do you know what I’ve been doing? I’ve been interacting with a tree, getting it to talk. No, don’t laugh. It’s true. I’m not making it up. The tree is the creation of someone in the maker movement. I don’t know if you have taken an interest in the movement, but I find it fascinating. It’s very popular in America and now it is gaining ground in China. It is even receiving encouragement from the government, which hopes it will help to transform the economy. The maker movement brings together traditional craft skills with the very latest in electronic technology to create something new. It does so by providing places where makers can get together to learn new skills from one another. Makers also encourage the sharing of ideas, rather than working in secret. So why not give it a try? If you like tinkering with things you might end up inventing something even more surprising than a talking tree!
4.2 Translation
1. The Maker Faire in New York got together inventors of all ages.
2. Makers exhibited their latest creations.
3. Industrialized nations must take the lead in reducing their carbon emissions.
4. With the right tools and inspiration, makers have the capacity to change the
world.
5. As far as I know, they are working on a project in secret.
6. This town has a booming tourist industry and (a flourishing) real estate market.
7. In the la st decade, the digital revolution has stimulated people’s creativity in an
unprecedented way.
8. At Xinchejian, China’s first formal makerspace, makers are tinkeri ng with all
types of materials, such as metals, plastics and electronic components.
Reading & Comprehending
Reading 1
1. Comprehension Check for Reading 1
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. T
7. T
8. T
9. F 10. F
2. Translation
1. 让柴火与众不同的是它既与广义的创客运动有关，又同全球制造业正在经
历的转型相关。
2. 一张巨大的木头桌子占据了创客空间的大部分地方，它是可以用于从焊接
到编程到社交等多用途的工作台。
3. 当中国开始失去相对于其它国家的成本优势时，它再也无法依赖制造业中
传统的低利润、高产量的经济模式了。
4. 正如其名称所暗示，潘希望通过各方协力，能够让中国刚刚兴起的创客文
化的小枝条点燃创意之火。
Reading 2
Comprehension Check for Reading 2
1. a full-sized orange robotic giraffe named Russell that chewed, swayed, walked
and even talked
2. a giant red weather balloon in the Rose Garden
3. a paper-crafted dinosaur head in the hallway
4. a 3-D-printed sculpture of President Obama’s State of the Union Address
5. a 3-D-printed pancake
6. a microscope made out of folded paper
7. robots made by the Beatty sisters
Integrated Skills Practicing
I. Viewing & Listening
1. When I was very young, I was in love with animation. But I found myself
flowing more into sculpture, because I realized from my own temperament, the effort and time involved to make the thing actually move was about the same as the effort and time involved to make an animation.
2. The stuff is all garbage. If it isn’t sorted in a way that makes sense to me, then
I’m just warehousing garbage. If things have their place and I know where they are, then this is a stock pile of valuable material. These things are treasures to me, but not if I can’t access them and remember where they are.
3. I found myself in an interesting sort of gap between the maker movement and
the art world. The majority of people are excited about it. But they want to know what’s it for. If you have to ask what’s art for, then chances are you will never need art in your home.
III. Writing
Model paper for your reference
There are many benefits of/to bringing the maker movement into the classroom. First and foremost it calls for students to turn from being passive users into active discoverers by stimulating their imagination and creativity. It also allows students to work on “real life” problems in a math or science classroom. This helps students realize the practical aspects of education and can transform their motivation. Moreover, students can learn how to interact with each other effectively, generating
a sense of engagement and mutual acceptance. Added to all this, the completion of each project boosts the confidence of students in their capacity to build something useful. In short, the maker movement injects creativity, encouragement, the spirit of teamwork and a sense of achievement into the classroom, opening up a vast and exciting new frontier in the world of education. (137 words)
全新版大学进阶英语1-Unit-2-教案
教学组织（含课堂教学内容、教学方法、辅助手段、师生互动、时间分配、 板书设计等）： 教学内容： Part I Text : All Grown Up and Still in Tow Part n Read ing 1 Lear ning to Make a Differe nee Part 川 Reading 2 Universities Encourage New Students to Go It Alone Part IV Theme-related Lan guage Lear ning Tasks 教学方法:eclecticism A theme-based and comprehe nsive from-i nput-to-output trai ning approach 辅助手段：Multi-media 时间分配: This unit is desig ned for a six-to-eight period class. In each of the periods, certa in tasks are to be completed. 注：Reading 2和Opener —起处理，主要基于以下考虑：1）使用本书的学生应该都是 新生，Reading 2是关于中国高校新生报到，内容非常贴近他们的生活；2）和主课文相比, Readi ng 2的语言较直接、明了。这样由浅入深的安排更容易帮助学生进入学习状态。 Teachi ng Procedures Part One: Opener 1. Introduce the topic to the class either in English or Chinese. 2. Play the song inOpener and ask Ss whether they know it or not. 3. Tell Ss the background information about the song and guide them to read the words the song. 4. Play the song again and ask Ss to complete the task in Pair work. IWhxl 1/1-2 lading 2 Pij-k ilh 2-4/3-6 Reading & Inieracting reri^xb 5-6/7-B Rw clin^ I & I nl 寧皿 Skllh 卩r-miting of
新编大学英语教案(第二册)_unit2communicationproblems
新编大学英语教案(第二册)_U n i t2 C o m m u n i c a t i o n P r o b l e m s -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
Unit Two Communication problems Teaching Objectives 1. Let the students have some ideas of the common ways we usually use in our daily life to communicate. 2. Make the students find the efficient ways to communicate with each other. 3. Let the students come up with the ways to avoid misunderstandings. Teaching allotment six academic hours Focus points 1.key words and phrases assume, conflict, convey, emphasis, ignore, misinterpret, react, verge, feel like, for effect, on the verge of, pull out, take----lightly 2.difficult sentences 1) When Martians and Venusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today. 2) So when communication problems emerged, they assumed it was just one of those expected misunderstandings and that with a little assistance they would surely understand each other. 3) To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations. 3.grammar focus prefix “mis---”的不同意义 Related Information It is well-known that learning a second language is never easy, and, generally speaking, the older one is when one attempts a new language, the more difficult it becomes. This is at least partly due to what is known as language interference, meaning that the linguistic patterns of our first language interfere with those of the second because no two languages have exactly the same sounds and grammatical structures. The English language has a very large vocabulary because it has incorporated words from many other languages over the centuries. This is nowhere more apparent than in its color words. For example, there are many words that express the color “purple”, describing its different shades and hues: mauve, violet, lilac, or lavender. An interesting 2
新标准大学英语综合教程1第六单元译文
第六单元（1）购物疗法，还是购物痴迷症？ 琳达从百货商店出来，手里拿着五六个购物袋。她乐得合不拢嘴，就跟《欲望都市》中的女主角卡丽一模一样。只不过她不住在纽约，而是住在英国伦敦。“我一看到喜欢的东西就非买不可，”她说，“把各种颜色的全都买下来，但最让我痴迷的还是鞋子。” 在曼彻斯特的家中，凯特在卧室里存放了24袋衣服，这些衣服的标签还没摘掉。她承认：“我常常穿同一身衣服上班，所以我的同事根本就想不到我在家里还藏着这么多衣服。” 住在伦敦的卡里纳每星期要光顾商场五六次。“递上信用卡的时候，我无比兴奋，”她说。“购物时，那种地位显赫、身价不凡的感觉真是无与伦比。” 那么，她们的行为是购物疗法，还是购物痴迷症？大多数人有时也喜欢购物，但是，如果一个人迷恋购物，不惜负债甚至倾家荡产，那就不是一件好事了。购物痴迷症的征兆是：新鞋不上脚，新衣不开包。 心理学家认为，购物痴迷症是购物成瘾，通过治疗可以得到缓解。它的症状包括逃避现实、行为失控、幻想自由或三者兼而有之。当然，诱惑无处不在，你如果没有时间去商场购物，还可以通过很多其他的办法将购物进行到底，如电视居家购物，商品目录邮购和网上购物。 那么，购物痴迷症会造成什么后果呢？入不敷出、羞愧难当、后悔不迭。 研究表明，购物痴迷症是一个全球性问题，90%的购物狂是女性。据估计，全球共有10%的女性受到这个问题的困扰，平均每人负债8000英镑。购物痴迷症的初发期通常是在女性20出头的时候，那时她们刚刚找到第一份工作，挣到第一笔钱。在随后的几年中，她们的债务渐渐地越积越多。男人也会购物成瘾，不过他们不买衣服，而是买车、买工具和电子产品。 那么我们为什么会如此迷恋购物呢？其中一个原因是，购物看上去是一件充满诱惑而又激动人心的事情。据估计，关注时尚的维多利亚?贝克汉姆每年要花费100，000英镑购物。在《欲望都市》中扮演卡丽的萨拉?杰西卡?帕克坦言，她拥有100双马诺洛·布兰尼克牌的鞋子，每双的价格少则300美元，多则1000美元。在2006年的德国世界杯期间，所谓的WAGs（足球明星的太太和女友们）名声大噪，因为她们其中的六个人竟然在一小时之内就花掉了57，000 英镑买衣服和鞋子。 另一个原因是，很多18至24岁的年轻人通过购物缓解压力。有时候，在孤独、焦虑、愤怒或缺乏关爱等情绪的驱使下，一个典型的购物狂会通过购物来安慰自己，向世人证明“她配得上这些东西。”更深层的原因是，现在人们很容易就能申请到信用卡。在20 世纪70年代之前，买东西都是用现金，而且女性不能以自己的名义借钱。如今，拥有一张信用卡已是平常事，就是负债也没有什么大不了的。而且，刷卡的时候不觉得是在花钱。 那么，如果你认为自己是一个购物狂，你怎么办呢？首先，你要承认自己出了问题，然后找出你如此迷恋购物的原因：是因为你的生活中缺少了什么别的东西吗？是你的人际关系需要关注，还是你的婚姻状况不佳？你的父母是否更看中物质财富，而不是情感？然后，你必须找到其他的能给你带来快乐的活动。最后，如果你确实需要购物，那就先列一个清单，只买你需要的，不要买别的东西。用现金付账，销毁所有的信用卡，只保留一张应急，并将它托给朋友保管。 琳达、凯特和卡里纳并不是特例，像世界各地的许多女人一样，她们的故事有一个幸福的开端，却在绝望中结束。像所有的上瘾者一样，购物成瘾的人需要有足够的耐心才能走完康复之路。 （2）如何与男朋友一起逛商场 你知道逛商场与买东西不是一回事，可你的男朋友却不知道。 女人喜欢逛商场，她们逛商场的方式就像我们过去猎取食物一样。过去，我们喜欢花一
最新全新版大学进阶英语-综合教程1-U2-Reading-2-with-Translation
Universities Encourage New Students to Go It Alone Sun Xiaochen 1 With an eye to increasing college students’ independence and improving their social skills, Chinese universities are encouraging freshmen to enroll by themselves without their parents’ help. 2 It used to be quite a scene when families accompanied their children to college enrollment in China. 3 Vehicles packed with luggage usually filled campuses, while parents carrying bags would follow their children everywhere to help them handle procedures and get them settled in at dormitories. 4 However, it was a different scene at Tsinghua University on Wednesday, when more than 3,000 freshmen reported to school and finished all the procedures themselves. 5 A yellow line drawn across the entrance of the school arena separated parents from their children, who entered the gym alone with their documentation. The students would spend as much as three hours dealing with the enrollment procedures, including department registration, credential collection and room distribution. 6 Senior schoolmates helped new students transfer their baggage and explore the campus. 7 The move, launched by Tsinghua University last year, is expected to improve young Chinese people’s self-reliance and independent spirit at a crucial stage of life, university President Chen Jining said. 8 “An important goal of higher education is cultivating students’ independent personalities, which should be embodied in every process of campus life,” said Chen, who wrote a brief message with the admission letter that encouraged students to leave their parents behind on enrollment day. 9 “How can youngsters grow up with their parents spoiling them and taking care of everything? We expect to make a difference from the beginning.” 10 The call got a positive response from students. 11 Feng Lei, a student from Gansu province who will study hydraulic engineering, took a 25-hour train ride to Beijing with only one schoolmate. 12 “It’s my first long trip without my parents, and I am actually quite excited about it,” he said. “Coming to the university opens a new stage of my life, and 1
现代大学英语精读第六册 的第四课和第九课课文 原文
Nettles Our farm was small-nine acres. It was small enough for me to have explored every part of it. Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a presence-the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby. Even the pits on the river flats had their flats had their distinct character. The girls as well as the boys were divided into two sides. Each girl had her own pile of balls and was working for paticular soldiers, and when a soldier fell wounded he would call out a girl’s name, so that she could drag him away and dress his wounds as quickly as possible. I made weapons for Mike, and mine ws the name he called. There was a keen alarm when the cry came, a wire zinging through your whole body, a fanatic feeling of devotion. When Mike was wounded he never opened his eyes. He lay limp and still while I pressed slimy large leaves to his forehead and throat and-pulling out his shirt-to his pale tender stomach, with its sweet and vulnerable belly button. One morning, of course, the job was all finished, the well capped, the pump reinstated, the fresh water marvelled at. And the truck did not come. There were two fewer chairs at the table for the noon meal. Mike and I had barely looked at each other during those meals. He liked to put ketcup on his bread. His father talked to my father, and the talk was mostly about well, accidents, water tables. A serious man. All work, my father said. Yet- he-Mike’s father-ended nearly every speech with a laugh. The laugh had a lonely boom in it, as if he were still down the well. Sunny and I had been friends in Vancouver years before. Our pregnancies had dovetailed, so that we had managed with one set of maternity clothes. In my kitchen or in hers, once a week or so, distracted by our children and sometimes reeling for lack of sleep, we stoked ourselves up on strong coffee and cigarettes and launched out on a rampage of talk about our marriages, our personal deficiencies, our interesting and discreditable motives, and our forgone ambitions. We read Jung at the same time and tried to keep track of our dreams. During that time of life that is supposed to be a reproductive daze, with the woman’s mind all swamped by maternal juices, we were still compelled to discuss Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and “The Cocktail Party”. He had slept in the guest bedroom the night before but tonight he’d moved downstairs to the fold-out sofa in the front room. Sunny had given him fresh sheets rather than unmarking and making up again the bed he had left for me. Lying in those same sheets did not make for a peaceful night. I knew that he wouldn’t come to see, no matter how small the risk was. It would be a sleazy thing to do, in the house of his friends. And how could he be sure that it was what I wanted? Or that it was what he really wanted? Even I was not sure of it. Up till now, I had always been able to think of myself as a woman who was faithful to the person who she was sleeping with at any given time. My sleep was shallow, my dreams monotonously lustful, with irritating and unpleasant subplots. All night-or at least whenener I woke up-the crickets wre singing outside my windows. At first I thought it was birds. I had lived in cities long enough to have forgotten how crickets can make a perfect waterfall of noise. The bushes right at the edge of the grass looked impenetrable, but close up there were little openings, the narrow paths that animals or people looking for golf balls had made. The ground sloped slightly downward, and we could see a bit of the river. The water was steel gray, and lookedto be rolling. Between it and us there was a meadow of weeds, all in bloom-goldenrod, jewelweed with its red-and-yellow bells, and what I thought were flowering nettles with pinkish-
新标准大学英语视听说教程第六单元答案
1. People can have a yard sale to sell things they don't want. 2. In online auctions, it's better for people to sell small items. 3. People can search the categories to find things they want to buy. 4. People need to make a bid for the item they want to buy in an online auction. 5. The top bid for the camera is $50. 6. The auction for the camera will end in 16 hours. 7. Jessica's job is to help people sell things online. How to sell online Your answer Suggested answer . 1 An eBay seller is someone who ______. (a) sells cars, pianos, bikes, furniture and dresses in an online auction (b) helps people sell anything in an online auction (c) sells things by newspaper ads, garage or yard sales, or online (d) helps people buy things online
最新全新版大学进阶英语第二册第三单元答案
Unit 3 Friendship Key to Exercises Opener Suggested answers for reference 1. I like the second best. You know why? Because the quotation tells me that a real friend is there when you are sad, when you are emotionally hurt, providing you with sympathy and comfort. 2. I like the third best. You know why? Because what I can learn from the quotation is that experience will teach you that to have real friends is more important than to have more friends. 3. I like the fourth best. You know why? Because the quotation tells me that it is a miracle to have a real friend who trusts and supports you when others are against you. 4. I like the fifth best. You know why? Because what I can learn from the quotation is that nothing can be more important than being honest in making friends. 5. I like the sixth best. You know why? Because the quotation tells me that a true friend is unforgettable, remaining in your heart as you journey through life. Reading & Interacting I. Understanding the Text 1. Text Organization 1.1
新标准大学英语综合教程1 第六单元
Your answer Correct answer 1. comparable comparable 2. bankrupt bankrupt 3. temptation temptation 4. excursion excursion 5. exception exception 6. recovery recovery 1. when you buy clothes, there are often two labels, one which shows the price and the other, the make and other information. Your answer Correct answer labels labels 2. When researchers claim something is a fact, it's because it's true. Your answer Correct answer claiming claim 3. Someone who is fashion-conscious likes to wear clothes which are very up-to-date. Your answer Correct answer fashion-conscious fashion-conscious 4. To do something with ease means doing it without any difficulties. Your answer Correct answer ease ease 5. Something which is the norm is usual or expected. Your answer Correct answer norm norm 1. When the three main symptoms of shopaholism are put together, it becomes an addiction. combination Your replacement: Your answer Correct answer combination combined 2. A rough guess at the amount of what Victoria Beckham spends on clothes every year is ￡100,000. estimate Your replacement: Your answer Correct answer estimate estimation 3. You may have a (an) false impression of freedom when you're a shopaholic. illusion Your replacement: Your answer Correct answer illusion illusion 4. Most people today consider it normal being in debt. acceptable Your replacement: Your answer Correct answer acceptable accept
全新版大学进阶英语第三册答案
全新版大学进阶英语第 三册答案 集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]
K e y t o E x e r c i s e s Opener Suggested answers for reference: 1. In China it is a familiar scene that grandparents take their grandchildren to or from school every day, which, however, seldom happens in the West. There parenting responsibility mainly rests with the parents rather than others. 2. In general there is not much difference between Western and Chinese tourists. If any, it seems that Chinese like to pose for photos with the scenery as the background, whereas Westerners often just shoot pictures of scenic spots. 3. Well, it's true that many Western employees see them and their boss as equals, but anywhere, anytime, you and your boss are never equals in its truest sense. There always exists a gap in between. Compared with Westerners, Chinese employees might tend to be more forbearing (克制) towards their boss and seldom air their grievances publicly. Reading & Interacting I. Understanding the Text 1.Text Organization
新编大学英语第二册答案完整版
Unit 1 ●Part Two Reading centered activities Pre-reading Reading Comprehension 1.Understanding the structure of the passage Para.1-4 c para.5-7 a para.8-11 b para.12-13 d 2. 1) They would stare at them. 2) He felt embarrassed/ ashamed 3) He never let on. 4) He usually walked there with the help of his son 5) He was pulled on a child’s sleigh to the subway station 6) He like basketball, dances, and parties 7) He asked them to sit down and fight with him. 8) He was proud of his son 9) He missed him very much and was sorry for what he had thought about him. 10) He learned to have a good heart from his father. 3. 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) A7) B 8) C 9) D 10) A 4. Understanding the reference Words. 1)the difficulty in coordination the steps 2)whether a person has a good heart 3) a good heart 4)the baseball team 5)sat down to fight 6)what the son has achieved 7)sensed 8)the reluctance to walk with him ●Vocabulary 1. 1) urged 2) halted 3) bother 4) embarrassed 5) adjusted 6) complain 7) kid 8)engage 9)subject 10)saw to it that 11)coordinate 12)participate 2.Word-building patience
全新版大学进阶英语综合教程第三册标准答案
全新版大学进阶英语综合教程第三册答案
————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：
Key to Exercises Opener Going on a working holiday has many advantages: ? A working holiday visa grants you access to a country for a longer period of time than a standard tourist visa. ? The travel is sustainable in the sense that you can keep refilling your travel funds with employment. ? You can try different types of jobs, even the ones that you normally wouldn’t do when at home. And in this sense, a working holiday could be a life-changing experience. ? You are more likely to meet and make friends with the locals, not just other tourists. They can introduce you to a new culture. ? A working holiday makes a good break. A popular ti me to sign up for a working holiday is the break between high school and college or the break after college and before entering the real working world. Transcript: A working holiday is when you spend a significant amount of time in another country and have the working rights to back it up. You are able to pick up a job or two (or 6) and break that arrangement up by traveling or moving on to a new location in the country. In general, a working holiday visa grants you access to a country for a longer period of time than a standard tourist visa. In Australia, for example, the typical tourist visa is for 3 months while a working holiday visa is for 12 months. With a working holiday visa, you can work as you go, meaning you won’t necessarily go into debt while spending time abroad. Your method of travel may vary. Some prefer to travel up-front for several months and then spend the rest of the time working in one or two different locations. Others prefer to work for a month, travel for a month and then work for a month again. Either way, the travel is sustainable in the sense that you can keep refilling your travel funds with employment. With a working holiday visa, you are basically given the opportunity to test out any type of
现代大学英语精读第六册课文翻译
现代大学英语精读6课文翻译 1如何使我们不为穷人的存在而内疚 约翰·肯尼斯·高伯瑞(加尔布雷斯) 1.我很愿意严肃地考虑一种人类最古老的活动，这项活动持续了多年，实际上已经超过了几个世纪，那就是尝试怎样使我们不为穷人的存在而内疚。 2.贫穷和富有从一开始就共生在一起，彼此很不愉快有时还充满危险。普鲁塔克曾说，“贫富失衡乃共和政体最致命的宿疾。”富有和贫穷持续共存产生的问题，特别是如何证明在其 他人还贫穷时我们富有是有道理的这一问题，成为有思想有学问的人几百年来孜孜不倦地思 考探索的问题。直至当代状况依然如此。 3.《圣经》提出了最初的解决之道，在现世遭受贫穷的人来世会得到更好的回报。他们的贫穷是暂时的灾难，如果贫穷但却能顺从，他们将来就会成为世界的主人。在某种程度上这就是最理想的解决办法。由此，富人就可以一边嫉妒穷人的美好前途一边享受他们的财富。 4.很长时间之后，即在1776年《国富论》发表的二三十年之后——在英国工业革命开始 之后，贫富不均的问题及其解决办法开始具有了现代的形式。杰罗米·边沁，这位与亚当·斯密几乎是同时代的人，提出了这样一种准则，在某种程度上，美国人认为这一准则在英国几 乎50年来一直影响显著。这就是实用主义学说。“通过实用的原则，”边沁在1789年指出，“也就是通过这一原则来赞成或否定任何一种应运而生的看来似乎必定会增加或减少政党 幸福的行为或做法，尽管政党的利益总是在讨论之中。”实用，实际上一定是以自我为中心的。然而，社会中只有少数人拥有大量财富，却有更多人没有财富。只要遵循边沁的话—— “最大的利益给最多的人”，就能够解决社会问题。社会尽力满足更多的人，人们接受对于 很多利益没被满足的人来说，结果极其不幸。 5.在19世纪30年代，一种新的准则成为使我们不为穷人的存在感到内疚的有效办法，迄今为止它的影响也丝毫没有减弱。这是与股票家大卫·李嘉图和T·R·马尔萨斯神父联系 在一起的。它的本质很为人们所熟悉，穷人的贫穷是他们自己的错误。贫穷是他们过度生育 的结果。很遗憾，他们不能控制性欲，过度生育把地球具有的养活人口的能力推向极限。 6.这就是人口论。生育引起的贫穷意味着富人不应该为贫穷的产生和解决承担责任。然而，马尔萨斯本人并不是缺乏责任感的人，他极力主张婚姻的仪式应该包括对过度或不负责任的 性生活的警告——公平地讲，是一种警告，因为它还没有被看做是一种完全有效的控制生育 的方法。在近代，罗纳德·里根曾经说过控制人口的最佳形式存在于市场。(热恋中的夫妇应该上梅西百货公司，而不是回到新房。)应该说，马尔萨斯的建议至少沾点边。 7.19世纪中叶，一种新的解决这一问题的方案产生了很大影响，在美国影响尤其强烈。 这一学说与赫伯特·斯宾塞的名字联系在一起，就是社会学中的进化论。在经济生活中如同在生物进化过程中一样，主导的规律是适者生存。“适者生存”这个短语实际上并不出自查 尔斯·达尔文，而是出自斯宾塞，后者表达了对经济生活的看法。穷人被淘汰是大自然种族 进化的方式。弱的、不幸的人灭亡了，人类家庭的质量就会提高。 8.最著名的美国达尔文社会进化论的发言人之一约翰·洛克菲勒一一第一个洛克菲勒一一 在一次著名的演讲中说，“美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口。而她之 所以能被培植出来，就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被掐掉了。在经济生活中情况亦是如此。