定语从句讲与练

定语从句讲与练
定语从句讲与练

定语从句讲与练

一:定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

如:1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) Y ou must do everything that I do.

上面两句中的man 和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的关系代词that ,which, who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where、when、why

关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句

2、代替先行词

3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

例句:

The old lady who lives next to us sells books.

Y ou should do all that I said.

I have found the teacher whom I am looking for.

The fish which I bought was fresh.

把下面两个句子合成一个句子

1. A place is a machine. The machine can fly.

A plane is a machine which can fly.

the machine=which

2. The boy is called T om. The boy broke the window.

The boy who broke the window is called T om.

the boy= who

关系代词实际上是先行词的复指

3. The boy was brought up by his grandfather. The boy’s parents are dead

The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.

the boy’s= whose

关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格

4. The lady is Green. We saw the lady yesterday.

The lady whom we saw yesterday is Green.

the lady=whom

练习(把下面两个句子合成一个句子)

1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.

2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.

3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parent’s farm.

4.The noodles were delicious. Y ou cooked them.

5.I don’t like the people. They smoke a lot.

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who 指人,在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2) Y esterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2.whom 指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1)Mr. Liu is the person (whom)you talked about.

注意:关系代词whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替,可省略。(2)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(1)Football is a game which is killed by most boys.(which 在句子中做主语) (2)This is the pen (which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做宾语)

4.that指人时,相当于who 或者whom; 指物时,相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,作宾语时可省略。

(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语) (2)Where is the man that /whom I saw this morning?(在句子中做宾语)

5.whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose 指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

Note: 关系代词作宾语时可以省略

三: 难点

(1)难用的whose

The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.

The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.

whose=the student’s

关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格

1.The house is mine. The house’s window is broken.

The house whose window is broken is mine.

whose= the house’s window

2.The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.

The house, the window of which is broken, is mine.

(2) j介词+关系代词

The man whom you spoke to was a scientist.

The man to whom you spoke was a scientist.

The city which she lives in is far away.

The city in which she lives is far away.

Note:介词提前只用which 或whom 构成介词+which/whom不可省略

练习

练习(用介词+关系代词填空)

1.Do you like the book____________she spent $10?

2.Do you like the book____________ she paid $10?

3.Do you like the book____________she learned a lot?

4.Do you like the book____________she often talks?

5.She built a telescope ____________he could study the skies.

6.There is a tall tree outside, ____________stands our teacher.

7.China has a lot of rivers, the second longest____________is the Y ellow River.

8. The tower____________people can have a good view is on the hill.

9. The man____________I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.

10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most____________hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

(3)只能用that做关系代词的情况

1.当先行词是不定代词时,如:

All ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything , 等

2.当先行词被the only , the very, the same, little ,few, no, any 等修饰时

3.当人和物做先行词时

4. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

5.在疑问词who ,which, what开头的句子中

练习(用关系代词填空)

1.He did all/everything____he could to help me.

2.This is the very thing ___I am afer.

3.We talked about the man and the things____we remembered at school.

4.He is the only man ___can do the work.

5.This is the first thing___I want to say.

6.He is the finest man ___I have ever worked with.

7.Who is the man___spoke to you at the gate.

8.Which is the star___is nearest to the earth.

9.Is there anything else ___you want to say?

10.Any person ____has the money can join the group.

11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,___made others upset.

12.He opened the door, in front of ____sat a boy.

13.The man to ___I spoke is a scientist.

14.The boy____mother is dead was brought up by his father.

四:关系副词:when, where,why 等。在定语从句中,关系副词=介词+which.也就是说,每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词:when=在什么时候,where=在什么地方,why=为什么原因

The school is far from my home. I study in the school.

The school where I can study is far from my home.

In the school=where

关系副词实际上是介词+先行词

when 代替表示时间的名词,而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语,在从句中充当状语,例如:

I still remember the day when I came here.

on the day=when

where 代替表示地点的名词,而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语,在从句中充当状语。例如:

This is the house where I lived last year.

in the house=where

why 引导定语从句其先行词只有一个reason

例如:There are many reasons why people like traveling.

for the reasons=why

He didn’t tell her the reason why he was so happy.

他又没有告诉她他为什么那么高兴的原因。

The reason why she was late is not so acceptable.

她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。

几种混淆的情况

1.I’ll never forget the days _______we worked together.

2.I’ll never forget the days _______we spent together.

3.I went to the place___________I worked ten years ago.

4.I went to the place___________which I visited ten years ago.

5.This is the reason ______he was late.

6.This is the reason ______he gave

练习

一、请分析以下定语从句:(请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)

1. Check the ways you study for an English test.

2. Another thing that I found very difficult was an English grammar.

3. Y ou couldn’t understand people who talked fast.

4. I have some ideas that may help.

5. They said something you didn’t like.

6.Can you think of any problems you have had recently?

7. He would always take pride in everything good I do.

8. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.

9. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?

10.If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.

11. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.

12. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them.

13.All I ever wanted to do was traveling.

二、用关系代词填空:that, which, who, whom, whose

1.This is the man_______wants to see you.

2.The student_____answered the question is Zhang Hua.

英语语法---定语从句讲练

定语从句 定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词,起定语的作用,修饰说明名词、代词或主句的全部或部分内容。定语从句分限制性定语参加和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句与它修饰的先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,他们之间没有逗号。非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明作用,去掉后不影响句子的完整性,与先行词之间有逗号隔开。定语从句一般放在被修饰的词之后。由关系代词或关系副词引导。 1.关系词及其作用 2.只能使用关系代词that的几种情况 (1)当先行词是everything,anything,something,nothing,all,none, little, few等时。 Is there anything that you don’t need? 有没有你们不需要的东西?

(2)当先行词被every, any ,all,some, no, little,few, much等修饰时。 I want to watch all the movies that were acted by Zhou Xingchi. 我想看周星驰演的所以电影。 (3)当先行词被the only, the very 等修饰时。 This is the only book that I can find. 这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。 (4)当先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most beautiful flower that I have ever seen.这是我见到过的最漂亮的花。 (5)当先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked about the peoples and the book that interested them. 他们谈论了让他们感兴趣的那些人和那本书。(6)当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the hotel that you like best. 你最喜欢哪家宾馆? 3.只能使用关系代词which的几种情况 (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 There has just been a heavy rain, which makes the farmers delighted. 刚下过一场大雨,这让农民很高兴。 (2)关系代词跟在介词后时 The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago. 他们现在居住的房子是50年前建的。 (3)先行词本身是that时 What’s that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚才天空一闪而过的是什么东西? 4.定语从句的谓语动词 当关系词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。 He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一。(动词like 与先行词boys保持一致)He is the boy who comes from America. 他就是来自美国的那个男孩。(动词comes与先行词boy保持一致) 定语从句关系代词顺口溜 关系代词有五个,听我逐一来说破; which表物,人用who; 人物都用that顾,which用在逗号后,意表前句你要know; who 作主语很称职,whom用到宾语里;

定语从句讲与练

定语从句讲与练 定语从句是整个高中阶段的重点语法项目。无论在书面表达还是在单项选择中定语从句经常出现。现将其用法讲解如下。 一、基本概念 所谓定语从句就是用一个句子来作定语。基本构成是“先行词+关系词+从句部分”。 这里有两点需要强调:1.从句部分中不能再出现“先行词”;2.关系词的使用与先行词相关,但主要是又从句的谓语动词来决定的。 (1)误:It is the thing that I am looking for it. 正:It is the thing that I am looking for. (2)I still remembered the day that I spent in the small village. I still remembered the day when I stayed at the small village. 上面两句中,一个用that,因为spent是及物动词,而另一句中用when,因为stayed是不及物动词。 二、关系词的判定 关系词能够分成两类:关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as)和关系副词(when, where, why)。按照定语从句的要求:先行词在从句中充当某种成分,所以我们在判定关系词时能够这样做:如果先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、标语等则考虑关系代词;如果先行词在从句中作状语则用关系副词(或介词+which)。特别是在充当宾语时,我们要注意从句的谓语动词,是及物动词的用关系代词,是不及物动词的用关系副词。如: 1.Do you still remember the chicken farm _______ we visited three months age? A. where B. when C. that D. what 2.I have many friends, ______ some are businessmen.. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 3.A terrible earthquake happened in that district at the end of 2004, ______ many countries in the world paid close attention to this. A. where B. when C. which D. what 4.He is such a lazy man _______ nobody wants to work with _______. A. as, him B. that, x C. as, x D. whom, him (Key:1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C) 三、定语从句的相关知识 1.只用that的情况:①先行词被形容词最高级所修饰,先行词被序数词修饰,先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of等不定代词修饰;②先行词是all, much, little, none, few, one of 等不定代词;③先行词既有人又有物时;④先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时;⑤当主句中含有疑问词which时。 例如:①He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus. ②The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. ③Which are the books that you bought for me? 2.只用which的情况:①在非限定性定语从句中;②在关系词前有介词时;③当先行词本身是that时;④当关系词离先行词较远时。 3.whose能够指人或物,在从句中作定语。其结构为“先行词+whose +名词+其它”。 ★whose + n. = the + n. of which = of which + the +n. 这三个结构在定语从句中我们认为是相同的,能够相互转换。如:

定语从句专项讲解与练习-(1)

定语从句专项讲解与练习 定语从句的定义:从句作定语,修饰名词、代词,这样的从句叫定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句作定语放在先行词的前面。 如果要表达:我喜欢那个漂亮的女孩。I love the pretty girl. 如果要表达:那个喜欢我的女孩。只能借助于定语从句the girl who loves me. 其中the girl即为定语从句的先行词,而who即为定语从句的关系词。 指人:who、whom 关系代词指物:which、as (作主宾表)指人和物:that,whose 关系词表时间:when 关系副词表地点:where (作状)表原因:why 1、who 指人,who在从句中当主语。 He who has not reached the Great Wall isn’t a true man. 不到长城非好汉。 The teacher ___________spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office. 中文意思:____________________________________________________________________ ?作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可省略。 2、whom 指人,是who的宾格形式,在从句中作宾语,前面没有介词时,可用who/that来代替,也可省略。The girl ___________________ I like isn’t here now. 中文意思:____________________________________________________________________ The doctor with ________________she went to the United States last month is very famous. 中文意思:____________________________________________________________________ The person ___________________ you met yesterday is our Chinese teacher. 中文意思:____________________________________________________________________ 3、whose 指“谁的”,或“某物的”,在从句中作修饰词。 whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。 The girl ___________father is a doctor is our classmate. You’re the only one ____________ advice he might listen to. 中文意思:____________________________________________________________________ I’d like a room _______________window looks out over the sea. 中文意思:____________________________________________________________________ 4、that 在从句中作主语或宾语,既可以指人又可以指物;作宾语时可以省略。 She is the very person (that) I want to see at once. 中文意思:____________________________________________________________________ A plane is a machine_____________ can fly. 中文意思:____________________________________________________________________

定语从句讲解练习

小荷教育2015 定语从句、宾语从句讲解练习 定语从句 (1)在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的是关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose) 和关系副词(when, where, why) eg: I like Eg. I like music (that/which) has great lyrics. I like music (that/ which) I can sing along with. I prefer musicians (who/that) play different kinds of music. The doctor (that/who/whom)you are looking for is in the room. The boy whose father is an engineer is my classmate. (3)运用关系词时的应注意: ①介词提前,关系代词只能用which 或whom,而不能用who 或that. eg: This is the boy behind whom I sit. ②当主句时who或which 开头的特殊疑问句式,关系代词只能用that. eg:Who is the boy that is playing football? ③当先行词式all,little,much,none,nothing,everything,anything等代词时,关系代词只能用that eg: Is there anything (that) you don’t understand? ④当先行词被only,all,any,no等修饰时,关系代词只能用that eg:All the books that were written by Lu Xun.

定语从句讲与练教学案

定语从句讲与练 一、定语的概念: 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如:(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语,然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl ()three boys () a shoe factory () Jim’s father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car () the man standing at the door() the man who is talking with Sam ()二、定语从句的概念及主要特征: 1.定语从句:修饰某______或_______的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫_______;定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词________;引导定语从句的词叫________。 请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. I like those books whose topics are about history. 2. 定语从句的主要特征: (1)先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分; (2)what永远不能引导定语从句; (3)翻译时先译从句,翻译成“…….的”,请翻译: The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 3.用定语从句合并两个句子 1.Mr. Smith is a teacher. He is very strict. 2.The girl is called Mary. I saw her yesterday. 3.There are two other sharks. They are fierce. 4.This is the factory. I visited it last year. 5.This is the most exciting moment. I will never forget it. 6.I have found such books. They are beneficial to us. 7.I bought the same dress. You wore the dress yesterday. 8.He is such a kind teacher. We all like him. 9.The house is Tom’s. Its door faces south. 10.The house is Tom’s. The door of the house faces south. 总结:“先行词==关系词==定语从句中所缺成分” 三、定语从句的基本用法: 略

(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习题(含答案)

定语从句讲解 一.基本介绍 ?功能:相当于adj,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。 ?位置:被修饰词之后 ?先行词:被定语从句修饰的词 ?关系词:连接先行词与从句的词称为关系词。 ?确定关系词的步骤:先看先行词,指的是什么;看关系词在充当的成份。 二.特殊用法

1.He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels______filled his bus. 2.The village is no longer the one ___it was five years ago. 5.Such books____you bought are useful. 2

3.Which are the books____you bought for me? 6.____ is known,the earth is round. 4.There is a room,_____window faces the river. 7.There is lots of air in loose snow,_____can keep the cold out. 3

高中定语从句练习(整理) 1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the factory. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 2. We are going to spend this Spring Festival in Beijing, _____ live our grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 3. There are many areas in the world _____ lack experienced doctors. A. where B. in which C. which D. what 4. The years and months _____ we spent together are really wonderful to us all. A. when B. on which C. in which D. that 5. _____ has been described above, it is a general rule that solids expand as the temperature increases and contract when they are cooled. A. It B. As C. That D. Which 6. A. who’s B. which C. whose 7. Susan is not the brilliant writer _____ she used to be. D. this A. which B. that C. who D. whom 8. I, who _____ your friend, will try my best to help you. A. be B. am C. are D. is 9. The size of the audience, _____ we had expected, was well over 1600. A. as B. that C. which D. who 10. They have started an investigation, _____ are being kept secret. A. whose detail B. whose the details C. the details of which D. the detail of it 11. Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence? A. why B. for which C. which D. what 12. There were two rooms in the beach house, _____ served as a kitchen. A. the smaller of them B. the smallest of which C. the smaller of which D. smallest of which 13. He imagined various ways _____ he could teach her how to learn English well. A. / B. that C. in which D. A , B & C 14. The speed _____ light travels is said to be the maximum in the universe. A. in which B. by which C. at which D. from which 15. Can you think out a situation _____ this idiom can be used? A. in which B. that C. where D. A & C 16. China has hundreds of islands, _____ is Taiwan. A. in which the largest B. its largest of which C. of which the largest D. which the largest 17. We ate in a luxurious restaurant but it wasn’t such a good dinner _____ she had promised us.

(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

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