工商管理专业英语词汇

Unｉt 1 The Evｏluｔion of Maｎaｇemｅｎｔas a Fiｅｌdｏf Stｕdｙ

ｅvolutｉon n．the pｒoceｓs of devｅlｏpｉng发展

geneｒalize v.tｏinｆer ｆｒoｍｍａｎy particｕlars概括

autｏｂｉographｙn．the bｉoｇraphy of a pｅrｓon writｔen by thａt peｒson 自传meｍoir n．aｎａccｏunｔoｆthe perｓoｎexperienｃｅｓof aｎauthor 回忆录，自传

ｅxｔremely ad. Beiｎgｉn ｏr attainｉｎｇtｈe grｅatest oｒhiｇｈest degree 极度地

ａntｈｒoｐolｏｇist n。someone wｈｏsｔｕdｉes anthrｏpoｌoｇy人类学家

peｒｓpｅcｔiveｎ。ｔhe waｙin whiｃｈa sitｕatｉoｎor problem ｉn ｊudgｅd sｏtｈａt prｏpeｒｃｏｎsideｒatｉon iｓgiveｎｔo each part 合理

观察，视角

turｎovｅr n. thｅnumｂer ｏf woｒkers ｈiｒｅd by ａｎestabｌishｍent to ｒeplace tｈose wｈo hａve left in a giveｎperｉoｄof tｉｍe 人员

更替数

approachｎ。the mｅｔhod ｕsed iｎｄeaｌing witｈoｒaccｏmplishｉｎg方法contiｎgｅnｃy n． a pｏssiｂility thａｔmust be prepaｒed foｒ可能事件，可能出现的情况

dｙnaｍic a．charactｅｒizｅd by ｃonｔiｎuｏｕs change不断变化的

confrontａtiｏｎn. dｉsｃoｒd or a ｃｌasｈof ｏpiｎiｏns aｎd iｄeaｓ观点或思想的不断冲撞

incur v。to acｑuｉｒe ｏr coｍe inｔo获得

coｍｐroｍise v. someｔhinｇｔｈat coｍbiｎeｓquａｌitｉes or elements of ｄｉｆfｅｒeｎt thｉngs折中

inteｒdｅpｅndent a．mutuaｌｌy ｄependent 互相依存的

ｃhaｒactｅriｓｔic n.ａｆeaｔure tｈat ｈelpｓtｏｉdenｔify 特性

ｐｏpulａrｉtｙn。ｔhe ｑｕality ｏr state of beｉng ｐopular 普及

sｏle a。of or rｅｌating to oｎly one ｉndividuaｌoｒgroup单独的

ｒｅlianｃe n．the acｔof relyiｎg or thｅstaｔe oｆｂeｉng ｒeliant依赖,依靠

suffｉcｉｅnt a. beiｎg aｓmｕchａs ｉs neeｄed 充足的

ａｌlｉance ｎ。the act ofｂecoming allied or the ｃondｉtion of beｉnｇalｌｉｅd 结盟

ｄｅmoｇｒａｐhicｎ. oｆｏr rｅlating ｔo demograｐhy 人口统计

cｏmplement v．tｏseｒｖe as a cｏmpｌeｍent tｏ补足

Uniｔ２The Scopｅｏf Managｅmeｎt?enｔａil v。ｔo havｅ, iｍpｏse, or reｑuiｒe aｓａnecessary accompanimｅnt or coｎｓeqｕence伴随

ｃｏnfｏrm v.ｔo act oｒbe in accoｒd oｒagreemeｎｔ使和谐一致

eｎviｓion v。tｏpicturｅｉn the mｉnd 想象

affｏrdable a。ｔｈaｔcａn be ａffｏｒｄeｄ买得起的

strive v。ｔo exert ｍuch eｆfort or energy 努力

mｉssｉoｎn.ｓpeciａｌaｓsigｎment given tｏａｐｅrsoｎｏr grｏｕp 任务

iｎｆorｍerciａｌn． a ｃomｍeｒciaｌteｌevｉsiｏｎprogram ｏr rｅlatively long c

ｏｍｍercial segｍeｎt ｏfｆeｒing consumｅrｉnformａtion商业信

息片

franchiｓe n.ａuthoriｚatｉｏn gｒanｔｅｄto someone to ｓｅｌlｏrｄistriｂute a cｏmpany's ｇoods or serviｃｅs ｉｎａcｅｒtain aｒea 特许

经营权

tactｉcal ａ.of，reｌaｔing to，ｏｒusinｇtａctｉcs 战术的

departｍenｔal a．部门的

pｅｅｒｎ.a person ｗhｏhaｓequaｌsｔａnｄing with ａｎothｅr or oｔhｅｒｓ同等的人，与他人在爵位、阶级或年龄上相当的人

inｔerpersonａl a。relating tｏ, occurｒｉng aｍonｇ，orｉnｖolvｉng ｓeveral p ｅｏple 人与人之间的

ｆoｓｔｅr v.to prｏmｏｔe tｈe growth and developmenｔof促进

peｒvasive a．ｈaｖing ｔheｑualiｔy oｒtenｄency ｔo ｐervade or peｒmeate 渗透性的

sｔaｋeholder n．one who ｈaｓa sｈａre or an interest 股东

flouｒｉｓh v．tｏbe in a peｒioｄof highestｐrｏdｕｃtiｖitｙ活跃

aｕｔomotiｖｅａ。movｉng ｂy itself 自动的

nonroｕtineｎ．非常规程序

analoguｅn。something that bｅars an analogy ｔｏsometｈing ｅｌse 类似情况Unｉt 3 What are Ｏrgｎizatioｎｓ？

ｂeａst n．something a thiｎg事物

orgaｎiｚatiｏn n． a group of pｅopｌe ｗｉth ｓpecｉaｌpurpose, ｓｕｃｈａs

a clｕｂor business 团体,组织,机构,社团

inｖeｎｔion n.sｏmｅｔhingｉnventｅd发明物

coｎｔrｉvaｎce n．dｅvice or ｔool，esp。one mａde bｙａn indivｉdual fｏr a p ａrｔicｕｌar puiｐoｓe 发明物;器械

patｒｏnaｇe n．all thｅｐaｔroｎs oｆ a sｈop，hｏtel, eｔc，aｓaｇｒo ｕｐ为了赞助而产生的

ｉmpact n。the ｆorce ｏf aｎidea，inveｎtioｎ，sｙｓtem，etc。影响力

pｅｒｓpective n。theｗaｙin which a matterｉs jｕｄged，so that ｃonsｉderａtioｎａnd iｍpｏｒtance is ｆｉｖe tｏeach ｐaｒt 判断事物的

方法

asｓocｉaｔiｏn n.the acｔｏf joｉnｉnｇｏr the sｔａｔｅof being ｊoｉned with someboｄy orｓｏｍeｔhing 联合;结合；结交

very a. （used for givinｇfｏrｃe to an eｘpｒession)（用于强调）正是；完全；实在whiｍn。a sudden ｉdｅaｏr wish, ofｔeｎnoｔreasoｎable 突起的（怪)念头;一时的兴致

fancyｎ. an imagｅ，opiｎioｎ, or idea imaｇined anｄnｏt ｂａsｅd on fact无事实根据的幻觉，意见或看法

acｈieve v。ｔo finｉsh successfullｙ完成；实现

souｌｎ. a pｅrson 人;灵魂

guidelineｓｎ．tｈe maiｎpoｉnts abouｔsoｍeｔｈｉng which iｓto bｅｄeａl ｔwith 指导方针；行动纲领

ｂｒidge v．tｏｂｕｉlｄ a ｂｒige aｃroｓs 架桥

gap n。an aｍount oｆdisｔance pr difｆｅｒence 差异；差距；歧异

bｙvirtｕe of in virtuｅof 依靠；由于

ｓuｒvivａｌn．sｏmething which has coｎtinued to exist ｆｒom aｎearliｅr time 生存

ｂehaviorｎ。ｗay oｆbehaving 行为；举动

sｕbset n.ａseｔconｔaiｎeｄwitｈｉn aｓｅt 子集

maｉｎｔenａnｃe n。tｈｅａct oｆmａinｔaining 维持;维护;保养；赡养

turnoｖｅr n.the nuｍbｅr of ｗorkers that ａreｈired by ａfｉrｍto fill the pla ｃesｏf ｗｏrkers wｈo have left in a pａrtiｃular pｅriod 人员更新efficienｃｙn.ｔhｅstaｔｅorｑｕalitｙoｆｂeｉng ｅffｉｃiｅnt 功效;效率;效能

intelleｃtual a。coｎcerning tｈe intelｌｅｃt智力的

limitaｔiｏｎn.theｆact ｏrｃonditionsｏｆlimiting or ｂｅing ｌｉｍiteｄ限制事实或状态

ｃｈart n．inｆormａtiｏｎwｒｉtｔen or draw in the forｍｏf a piｃtｕre grａpｈ, etc. , usu。Ｗｉｔh the ｉnｔention oｆmaking iｔundｅrstoｏｄ图表predict ｖ。tｏsｅe or dｅｓcriｂe in ａｄvanｃｅaｓa resuｌt of ｋnoｗlｅdge，exｐerｉenｃe，reason，eｔc.预言;预测

Ｕnit 4Deｖeｌoｐiｎg Qpality ａｎd CoｍｐetitｉvｅAdvantagｅ

ｉnnｏvatｉve a．maｒｋed by or giｖｅｎto iｎnovationｓ革新的,创新的optimizｅv.to mａｋe as ｐerfeｃt ｏr effecｔivｅaｓpｏｓsｉｂｌｅ使最优化，使尽可能底完善或有效

ｍedｉｅvａｌa。relaｔing ｏr belｏnginｇｔo ｔhｅMiddｌe Ages中世纪的

ｔeｎａntｎ．one that pays renｔｔo use or ocｃｕpy land,a buｉｌding,or oｔher pｒoperｔy owned ｂy aｎｏther 佃户

usｈｅｒv.ｔｏpｒecedｅand inｔｒｏduce 宣告，展示介绍；开始，开创

exotic ａ．intｒiｇuｉnｇlｙｕnusualｏr diffeｒent 异乎寻常的;奇异的

ｓtrenuous a．reｑuirｉnｇgｒeat effoｒｔ, eｎｅrgy,or eｘeｒｔiｏn艰巨的，需要巨大努力、能量或投入的

haｚａｒdｏus a. ｍarｋed bｙｄanｇｅr带有危险性的；危险的

artiｆｉciａl inteｌligenｃｅthｅaｂility oｆmachiｎｅto perfｏrｍthose aｃ

tivities tｈat aｒe noｒmallｙｔhｏught tｏrequｉre ｉｎtｅlli

ｇeｎce 人工智能

ｎaｖｉgatｉonａlｎ.an original type，fｒom, or instance that seｒvｅs as a moｄｅl on which latｅr stages are baｓｅd oｒｊudgｅd 原型

ｃhassis n。thｅｒectanｇulaｒsteｅl frame，sｕpｐｏrｔed ｏn ｓprinｇs ａnd attacｈｅｄtoｔhe axleｓ，ｔhａｔhoｌdｓthｅbody and moｔｏ

r ofａn aｕtomｏtiｖe ｖehicle 底盘

carｏuｓel n。 a circｕｌar ｃｏnveyoｒon whiｃh objects are dispｌayｅdｏr ｒoｔａteｄ旋转式传送带

oｕtmanｅuｖｅr v. ｔo overcome by ａrtfｕl，clｅver ｍａneｕｖering 智胜，在机智、谋略上胜过

ＣEＯCｈieｆEｘecuｔive Offｉｃeｒ执行总裁

Unit 5 Coｍpｅｔitive Ｉｎdustry Enviｒｏnｍent Anaｌysiｓ?long—term a．i

ｎvoｌvｉnｇ，mａturiｎg aftｅr, oｒbeｉng in effeｃt forａloｎg timｅ长期的aggrｅｇatioｎn. aｇｒouｐor ｆｏrｍｅd bｙｔhis 集合体

cａrｂoｎated a. conｔａiｎing cａrbon dioｘide 充了碳酸气的

root beer n．以黄樟油、冬青油为香料的无醇饮料

ale n．anｙoｆvariｏus tyｐe ｏfｂｅeｒ，esp. oｎｅthaｔiｓpａｌe in color 麦酒

ｃａffeine n. a bitter white ａlｋalｏiｄ，C8H１0Ｎ4O２咖啡因

aｌignｍenｔｎ.tｈe aｃt oｆａliｇninｇor the cｏnditｉon oｆbeing ａliｇned 结盟

meａninglesｓa。having noｍeaｎing or sｉgnificaｎcｅ无意义的，无价值的withdrawaｌn．ｒｅtreａt ｏf mｉliｔaryｆorce in the ｆaceｏf eneｍy or after a ｄeｆeat 撤退

verｔiｃal iｎtｅgｒaｔion垂直统一管理

intｅractive ａ。aｃtｉｎg or caｐａble of actiｎｇon eａcｈother 互相作用的

deｌi n。 a delicａtｅsｓen 熟食店

bｕffeｔn. a meal at ｗhiｃｈguestｓserve themｓelves frｏｍvａｒious dｉsｈes diｓpｌａyｅd iｎa table or siｄeboａrd 自助餐

nutrition n. the procesｓof noｕrishing oｒbｅing nourished 营养

sｌaｃkｅn v。to ｍaｋｅor become lｅss viｇorｏus 缓和

ｐharｍaｃeuticａｌａ．of or relaｔinｇｔoｐhaｒmaｃｙor pｈａｒmａｃists 制药的

ｎeuroｓcｉence ｎ．aｎｙof the sｃieｎcｅs，sｕch as neｕroanatｏmy and neｕrobｉoloｇｙ，that ｄeaｌwiｔｈthe ｎｅrvｏｕs ｓｙsｔｅｍ

神经科学

ｉｎflaｍmatoｒy ａ．ｃharａcｔerizｅｄｏｒcａused bｙｉnfｌammaｔion 发炎的

nｉcｈe ｎ．a sｐeciaｌarｅof ｄemａnｄfor a producｔor serｖｉｃe 产品或服务所需的特殊领域

ｐreemptｉve a.undertakｅn or initiaｔed ｔｏｄeｔer ｏr prevｅnt aｎaｎtｉcipated，uｓｕaｌly unpｌeasaｎｔsｉtuation or ｏcｃurrｅncｅ先

发制人的

enｔrant n.one that ｅｎters, eｓpｅciａｌly oｎe that eｎｔeｒsａcｏmpeｔitiｏn 参加竞赛者

ｃｅｌlｕｌaｒｐhone ｎ．便携式电话

draｍａtｉcally ad。ｃａtchｉnｇand hｏldｉnｇｔhe imaｇination ｂy unｕsuaｌappｅarance ｏr effects 戏剧地，引人注目地

ｒｅplｅnishmeｎt n.ｓｏｍｅtｈｉngａdded to ｃｏｍｐlｅte a thiｎg，ｍake uｐfｏｒa dｅficiency补给，补充

bacｋwarｄintegraｔiｏn 后向合并

alｌeｖiate v. tｏｍａke ｍorｅｂeａrable减轻

olｅoｍargaｒｉne n。ｍargaｒｉne 人造黄油，人造奶油

tiｎplaｔe n。ｖeryｔhiｎshｅｅts of iron or sｔｅel coｖeｒｅd wｉth ｔin 镀锡铁皮；马口铁

matuｒity n．tｈe state oｒqualiｔy ｏf being ｆullｙfrｏwn or dｅvｅｌoｐeｄ成熟

shａｋeout n. 经济衰退

cereal n。 a gｒasｓsucｈas wheaｔ，oats，ｏr coｒn, ｔhｅsｔaｒchy grａins ｏ

f which are usｅd ａｓfｏod 谷物

raｚor n． a sharｐ—eｄged ｃuttｉng ｉnstrument uｓed ｅｓpｅｃiaｌly ｆor shavinｇthe faｃe ｏｒreｍｏving oｔhｅr body haiｒ剃刀

Uｎiｔ6Mａteriａls ａnd Pｒocess ~ Manａgeｍent oｆa Coｍｐaｎｙ

iｎｖｅntorｙｎ．the quanｔity ｏfｇoods ａｎd matｅrialsｏn hａｎd 库存subｍit v．to cｏｍｍiｔto the consiｄeratｉｏｎor ｊudｇｍent of anｏthｅｒ使……听从

ｂidderｎ. onｅwho atteｍpｔｓｔo ｗinａｃontrａcｔby bidding投标人obsｏｌete a。outｍodｅdｉｎdesigｎ，ｓtyｌe,or constｒuctiｏn过时的establiｓh v。tｏsｅtｕp建立

ｒesourｃe ｎ。the total meanｓavaｉlaｂleｔｏ a ｃomｐany ｆorｉｎcｒeasinｇｐｒodｕctiｏn ｏｒprofｉｔ，inｃｌuｄing plａnt，laｂor，

ａnｄｒaw matｅrial储备力量

ｓtoｃkpｉle v. a suppｌy ｓｔoreｄfｏr futｕｒe usｅ, usuａlly carefuｌlｙａcc ｒued ａnd mａiｎtaiｎeｄ储存

calculａteｖ. tｏｍake an estｉmate of 计算

intｅrchａnｇe v. to ｇive and recｅive mutｕａlly 交换

teｌecommunicａtion n.thｅelecｔroｎicｓystemｓusｅｄin trａnｓmｉtｔiｎｇ

mｅssageｓ, aｓbyｔelｅｇragh，cablｅ, ｔeｌepｈonｅ, rａ

ｄio, ｏrｔeleｖｉsion 电讯

exeｃｕtｉve n。 a pｅrson orｇroup havｉｎg administｒaｔiｖe oｒmaｎagｅｒial authority in an ｏrgaｎiｚａｔｉon经营管理人

ｓimulatiｏnｎ. reｐrｅｓentatiｏn ｏf ｔhe operatｉon or ｆeatures ｏfｏne pｒocesｓorｓｙｓｔem ｔhrougｈthe use of anotｈer 模拟

ｐriｎciplｅｎ。 a ｆｉxed or predｅtermined poｌicy or modｅof acｔｉｏn 准则eliminａｔe v. ti gｅｔrid oｆ消除

multifunctｉｏnａ．多功能的

flexiｂｌｅ a. rｅsｐｏｎｓivｅto ａｄelay 可变通的;灵活的

hoｌdup n. an ｉnterｒuｐｔion oｒa delay 停顿

iｎcentｉvｅn。sｏmethｉnｇ, such as the feａｒｏf puniｓhmｅｎt ｏｒｔhe ｅxpｅctａtiｏn ｏf ｒewaｒd，thaｔiｎduces actioｎor moｔｉvates e

ｆforｔ诱因;动机

cｏoｒdｉnate v。ｔo ｈarmｏnize ｉn a cｏmmoｎactiｏｎor effｏrt调整

Uｎｉt ７OperatinｇSｔatemｅｎt of a Company?whｏlesale a。oｆ，rｅlating to, or engaｇed in thｅｓａle of goods ｉｎｌargeｑuａntitiｅｓfoｒrｅsaｌｅ批发

cｌaｒitｙn。clearｎeｓs ｏｆtｈouｇht oｒstyｌe清晰

reａdaｂiliｔy n.iｎｔerｅsｔing or eａsy to reaｄ易读,可读性

concｉse a。eｘｐrｅssing ｍuch ｉn feｗｗords 简明的,简洁的

inventory n. the quantiｔｙof ｇooｄｓａnd materiaｌｓon hand 库存

ｇrｏｓｓsales 销售总额

net sales 扣除销货折扣和退货后净额

margiｎn.ｔhｅmiｎimuｍretuｒn tｈat aｎｅnｔerｐrise may earn ｓtｉll pay fo ｒｉｔself 最低利润

ｇｒｏss ｐｒofｉt 毛利，总利润,利润毛额

saleｓｓalaｒies 销售人员的工资

aｄvertiｓing ｅxpeｎse 广告费用

ofｆiｃe salaries 办公室或一般文秘人员工资

miscellanｅous a。mａde uｐof a varietｙｏｆｐartｓor ingreｄｉents 混杂的

sｅeｍinｇly ad. aｐpaｒｅntly; osｔensibly 表面上地

skeletｏｎn. a suppoｒtingｓｔructure ｏr ｆramewｏrk构架

ｉnvoｉｃe n． a detaiｌｅd ｌist ｏf goｏds shippｅd or sｅrviceｓｒendeｒed，ｗitｈan aｃcoｕnｔof aｌl costｓ发货清单

refuｎd n.ａrepaｙment of fundｓ退款

caｎceｌlatｉons n．thｅaｃt or aｎinstanｃe of cａncｅlｉng 取消

Unit8Human Rｅsource Managemｅｎt：Ａn Overvｉew

ｕｔilizatiｏｎn．making uｓe oｆ利用;使用

mesｈv.ｔo connecｔ结合;相合

ｒepｒeseｎtaｔiveｎ. a persoｎａcｔing in ｐlace of oｎeｏr more oｔher 代表；代理

capital n.moｎeｙｕseｄfor ｓtarｔing ａbｕｓinｅss 资金

primaｒy a．cｈiｅf; main 主要的

suｐｅrvｉsor n．one ｗho is in ｃｈarge oｆa particular depaｒｔmentｏｒun ｉt，ａs in a ｇovernmental ａgｅｎcy or school system 监督；管理人员ｃｏｓmetiｃn．ａpreｐaｒatｉon such aｓｆａｃe－ｃrｅam, body－powder,et ｃ. , intended to ｍake tｈe sｋin or hａir ｍore beautｉful化妆品

ｓubsｔantive ａ．exｐreｓsinｇexisteｎce表示存在的

insighｔｎ。the ｐower ｏf using ｏne’s ｍind to ｕnｄerstａnｄsometｈing de ｅply，wｉtｈouｔｈｅｌp frｏm ｏutsidｅiｎformaｔion 洞察力;见识ｃatalysｔn。ａsubstaｎce which，ｗithouｔitself chaｎgｉｎg，ｃauseｓchｅmiｃal actiｖｉty to quiｃken 催化剂

ｅnergiｚer n．soｍeｔhｉng oｒsomebody thａt giveｓeneｒgｙｔo 使活跃的人或物

qｕitｖ。inｆml tｏｓtop and leａvｅ停止；辞职

ｒecruｉtmenｔn.招聘，招工

missioｎn. a ｇroｕp of people，ｅsｐ。peoplｅactinｇfoｒtheir cｏunｔｒy，wｈo areｓｅnt abrｏad ｆｏr specｉal ｒeａsoｎ使团,代表团；任务，

使命

pｌague v. to cauｓe contiｎual disｃｏmfort, sufｆering，or troublｅｔo，tｏmaｋｅrａthｅr ａngｒy 折磨,烦恼;使得灾祸

cｏmpenｓationｎ。赔偿金,赔偿费，赔偿物

seｌf—esteｅm ｎ. ｏｎe’ｓgooｄｏr ｔｏｏgooｄoｐinion of oｎｅ's own ｗortｈ自尊心；自大，自负