新概念英语第二册笔记新版 Lesson 32:Shopping made easy

新概念英语第二册笔记新版 Lesson 32:Shopping made easy
新概念英语第二册笔记新版 Lesson 32:Shopping made easy

新概念英语第二册笔记新版 Lesson 32:Shopping

made easy

First listen and then answer the question.

听录音,然后回答以下问题。

Who was the thief?

【New words and expressions】生词和短语

★once adv. 以前,以前

long long ago

I visit my mother once a month.

once 连接从句:表示“一旦”

Once you leave my company,you must return the house.

★temptation n. 诱惑

temptation to 动词原形

temptation to do sth.

temptation to steal

resist the temptation to do

I can't resist the temptation to laugh.

★article n. 物品,东西

This is a good article. 文章

article /thing

article 强调的是商店里的一个一个的东西,是可数名词

thing 指任何的东西

cargo

goods

★wrap v. 包裹

Please wrap them (up) for me.

pack

I will take/have/get it

★simply adv. 仅仅

simply :only/just

★arrest v. 逮捕

arrest the criminal

arrest one's attention 吸引某人的注意力

The criminal was arrested.

sb.be under arrest.

cortrol/under cortrol

People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before -- especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After

a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter. The girl 'gave' her mother a free dress once a week!

参考译文

人们不再像以前那样诚实了。偷窃的诱惑力比以往任何时候都更强烈 -- 特别是在大的商店里。一名侦探最近注意上了一位穿着讲究的妇女,她总是在星期一上午进入一家大商场。有一个星期一,当这位妇女走进这家商场时,里面的人比往常少,所以,侦探比较容易监视她。这位妇女先是买了几样小商品。过了一会儿,她又选了商场里最昂贵的一件衣服,把它递给了售货员。那售货员以最快的速度为她包好了衣服。然后,那妇女拿过包就走出了商场,根本没有付钱。她被逮捕后。侦探发现原来那售货员是她的女儿。那姑娘每星期“送”她母亲一件免费的衣服!【课文讲解】

make:1.制造

2.使。。。怎么样

make the room clean

make shopping easy

Shopping be made easy. (句子)

not so ...as... 表示比较

as...as... 和...一样

as adj./adv. as 比较对象

as quickly as possible

He is as tall as I.

This case is as light as that one.

It is as heavy as that one.

as...as...的否定形式是not so...as.../not as...as...

It is not as heavy as that one. 这个东西不如那个东西重I am not as tall as you

I am taller that you./ You are not as tall as I.

less 原级=not as...as... /not so...as...

not so 原级 as...

I am not so lucky as those fishermen.

less 原级 than

I am less lucky than those fishermen.

there are 与 they were 在用不同的时态实行比较

You are beautiful./You were beautiful.

You are more beautiful than you were.

You look better.

You look better than you were.

It was my car.

Is this your car?

I think 想

I thought 原以为

You were worse.

You are better.

not as...as... 不如

要表现现在与过去比较,有两种方式:

1. 用时态表示it is /it was; they are/ they were

2. 用短语than ever before

People are not so honest as before.

under arrest

impulsion 冲动

adventure 冒险活动

watch 观察,监视,当心

watch the enemy

watch sth. 当心

well-done

well 动词的过去分词

design

well-designed

well-educated

as usual 象平常

than usual 比平常。。。

be动词+形容词+for sb.to do sth.

it 是形式主语

for sb. 中的sb.是逻辑主语

The teacher bought a lot of dresses to make her more beautiful.

out of politeness

after a little time 过了一会儿

hand...to... 把。。递给pass in 一个一个的传递

hand in 上交

wrap sth.up for sb.

as quickly as possible

she chose 级 and(并列结构) handed it to 宾语定语从句

find out

find/find out

find sth. sth. 是看得见,摸得着的

I find the pen.

find out 后的宾语一般是抽象的

find out the truth

free 免费的

fee 交费

fee parking

【Special difficulties】

A 强调的是后边的名词;One强调的是“一个”的意义One / a/ an/ one/ a / a/ a/ one 【Composition】

arrived at come to

so saw and stay either...or

【Multiple choice】

7. most expensive 地点,用in

范围,表示所有的书(人)当中,用of

I have ever seen/done/heard

9. article

4. b

many not as(so)...as

12.

free worthless:不值钱的

something cost money

10。D

wrapped:包裹 envelope:信封

8. watch:look at

新概念英语第二册课文25-36课

Book II Lesson 25 Do the English speak English? I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me; I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. 'I am a foreigner,' I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. 'You'll soon learn English!' he said.I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them ! Do they speak English ? Book II Lesson 26 The best art critics ?I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is 'about'. Of course, many pictures arc not 'about' anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday.' What are you doing ?' she asked.' I'm hanging this picture on the wall,' I answered. 'It's a new one. Do you like it ?' She looked at it critically for a moment.' It's all right,' she said, 'but isn't it upside-down ?' I looked at it again. She was right! It was! Book II Lesson 27 A wet night Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire.

新版新概念英语第一册课文PDF

Lesson 1 Excuse me! 对不起! Listen to the tape then answer this question. Whose handbag is it? 听录音,然后回答问题,这是谁的手袋? Excuse me! Yes? Is this your handbag? Pardon? Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Thank you very much. New Word and expressions 生词和短语 excuse v. 原谅 me pron. 我(宾格) yes

adv. 是的 is v. be 动词现在时第三人称单数 this pron.这 your possessive adjective 你的,你们的handbag n. (女用)手提包 pardon int. 原谅,请再说一遍 it pron.它 thank you 感谢你(们) very much 非常地

参考译文 对不起 什么事? 这是您的手提包吗? 对不起,请再说一遍。 这是您的手提包吗? 是的,是我的。非常 感谢! Lesson 3 Sorry, sir. 对不起,先生。 Listen to the tape then answer this question. 听录音,然后回答问题。这位男士有没有要回他的雨伞? My coat and my umbrella please. Here is my ticket. Thank you, sir. Number five. Here's your umbrella and your coat.

新概念英语第二册笔记新版 Lesson 19:Sold out

新概念英语第二册笔记新版 Lesson 19:Sold out 【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ★hurry v. 匆忙 in a hurry(n.):匆忙 If you are not in a hurry. (时间、动作上的) If you are not busy. (行为上的) in no hurry(n.):不匆忙 I am in no hurry. hurry up(v.):快点 go to:去 hurry to:匆匆忙忙地去 He goes to school.=He hurries to school. come in:进来 hurry in:匆匆忙忙地进来 go out:出去 hurry out:匆匆忙忙地出去 ★ticket office 售票处 ★pity n. 令人遗憾的事 pity(n.) What a pity! 真遗憾

It is a pity. It is pity to be grown up. (it做形式主语) It is a pity to steal a bicycle. I am sorry(a.). 我感到很遗憾。 I am sorry to hear that. ★exclaim v. 大声说 shout:大声喊=cry,call out ★return v. 退回 return to:回来 ruturn money:还钱=pay back,repay★sadly adv. 悲哀地,丧气地 涵盖了所有悲哀 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音,然后回答以下问题。 When will the writer see the play? 'The play may begin at any moment,' I said. 'It may have begun already,' Susan answered. I hurried to the ticket office. 'May I have two tickets please?' I asked. 'I'm sorry, we've sold out,' the girl said. 'What a pity!' Susan exclaimed. Just then, a man hurried to the ticket office.

自考金融理论与实务笔记12

自考金融理论与实务笔记12

第十二章通货膨胀与通货紧缩 第一节通货膨胀与通货紧缩的内涵和度量 识记: 通货膨胀一般表述为:由于货币供应过多,超过流通中对货币的客观需要量,而引起的货币贬值,物价上涨现象。西方的看法定诳为物价总水平的持续上涨。 通货紧缩:作为通货膨胀的对称,一种表述是由于货币供给放慢或负增长,引起物价持续下跌的现象。另一种表述是指物价疲软乃至下跌的态势。 通货膨胀与通货紧缩都是一种货币现象。通货膨胀反映的是社会总需求大于社会总供给。通货紧缩反映的是社会总需求小于社会总供给。 领会: 通货膨胀的度量标志? 一般所用的物价指数主要有消费物价指数、批发物价指数、国民生产总值平减指数。 消费物价指数是选择具有代表性的若干消费品的零售价格以及水电等劳务费用价格编制的指数。 批发物价指数反映商业部门或批发商从生产厂家购买商品劳务所支付的价格的变动程度。 国民生产总值平减指数,是按当年价格计算国民生产总值与按不变价格计算的国民生产总值的比率。 多数经济学家倾向于主要用消费物价指数。 第二节通货膨胀的成因 识记: 需求拉上型通货膨胀:这是指在社会再生产过程中社会总需求过度增加,超过了既定价格水平下商品和劳务方面的供给,而引起货币贬值、物价总水平上涨。

成本推动型通货膨胀认为在社会商品和劳务需求不变的情况下,由于生产成本提高也要引起物价总水平的上涨。 结构失调型通货膨胀:这是指在社会总需求不变的情况下,由于需求的组成发生结构性变化,相应导致物价总水平上涨。 领会: 需求拉上型通货膨胀特点与成因? 需求拉上型通货膨胀:这是指在社会再生产过程中社会总需求过度增加,超过了既定价格水平下商品和劳务方面的供给,而引起货币贬值、物价总水平上涨。 在经济尚未达到充分就业时,如果货币供给量增加,从而社会总需求增加,促进商品供给增加,当经济充分就业,将不再能促进商品供给增加,而只会导致物价总水平上涨。 这里的社会需求包括投资需求和消费需求,而促成社会需求增加的因素,又常与财政支出过度扩张和信用膨胀相关。 成本推动型通货膨胀特点与成因? 成本推动型通货膨胀认为在社会商品和劳务需求不变的情况下,由于生产成本提高也要引起物价总水平的上涨。 造成生产成本提高有两方面力量,一是工会组织为了保证工人实际收入的增长不不降低,要求增加工资。二是一些垄断型企业大幅提高垄断商品价格,导致原材料成本上升。 结构失调型通货膨胀特点与成因? 结构失调型通货膨胀:这是指在社会总需求不变的情况下,由于需求的组成发生结构性变化,相应导致物价总水平上涨。 需求增加的部门,产品价格和工资上涨;而需求减少的部门,由于工资和价格的刚性,其工资和商品价格并不随之而下跌,或跌幅很小,从而导致物价总水平上涨。 中国通货膨胀的成因?

【第二次修订完全版】新概念英语第二册笔记pdf(96课全)

目录 Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 (4) Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐 (11) Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 (16) Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行 (21) Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞 (25) Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西.巴顿斯 (31) Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚 (38) Lesson 8 The best and the worst最好的和最差的 (44) Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇 (49) Lesson 10 Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐 (55) Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another礼尚往来 (60) Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见,一路顺风 (64) Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年 (68) Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗? (74) Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 (80) Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求 (85) Lesson 17 Always young 青春常驻 (90) Lesson 18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事! (96) Lesson 19 Sold out 票已售完 (99) Lesson 20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟 (104) Lesson 21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了? (110) Lesson 22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封 (115) Lesson 23 A new house 新居 (119) Lesson 24 It could be worse 不幸中之万幸 (122) Lesson 25 Do the English speak English? 英国人讲的是英语吗? (125) Lesson 26 The best art critics 最佳艺术评论家 (130) Lesson 27 A wet night 雨夜 (136) Lesson 28 No parking 禁止停车 (143) Lesson 29 Taxi! 出租汽车! (149) Lesson 30 Football or polo?足球还是水球? (154) Lesson 31 Success story 成功者的故事 (159) Lesson 32 Shopping made easy 购物变得很方便 (165) Lesson 33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗 (171) Lesson 34 Quick work 破案“神速” (177) Lesson 35 Stop thief! 捉贼 (180) Lesson 36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡 (186) Lesson 37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 (193) Lesson 38 Everything except the weather 唯独没有考虑到天气 (198) Lesson 39 Am I all right? 我是否痊愈? (203) Lesson 40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈 (208) Lesson 41 Do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗? (213)

裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第32课

Lesson 32 Shopping made easy购物变得很方便 Who was the thief? People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before -- especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter. The girl 'gave' her mother a free dress once a week! 参考译文 人们不再像以前那样诚实了。偷窃的诱惑力比以往任何时候都更强烈-- 特别是在大的商店里。一名侦探最近注意上了一位穿着讲究的妇女,她总是在星期一上午进入一家大商场。有一个星期一,当这位妇女走进这家商场时,里面的人比往常少,因此,侦探比较容易监视她。这位妇女先是买了几样小商品。过了一会儿,她又选了商场里最昂贵的一件衣服,把它递给了售货员。那售货员以最快的速度为她包好了衣服。然后,那妇女拿过包就走出了商场,根本没有付钱。她被逮捕后。侦探发现原来那售货员是她的女儿。那姑娘每星期“送”她母亲一件免费的衣服!【New words and expressions】(6) once adv. 1)一次(for one time) 例:I’ve been to Paris once.我去过巴黎一次。 once- twice-three times-- 例: The girl gave her mother a free dress once a week.(一周一次) 2)adv.一度,曾经,以前 例: People are not so honest as they once were. 人们不像以前那样诚实了。 工once lived in Africa.我曾经住在非洲。 The book was once famous.这本书曾经很出名。 at once; immediately: right away 立刻,马上 例:After work,come back at once!下班之后立刻回家!

(完整版)新概念英语第一册课文版(最新整理)

Lesson1: Excuse me! Excuse me! Yes? Is this your handbag? Pardon? Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Thank you very much. Lesson 3:Sorry sir. My coat and my umbrella please. Here is my ticket. Thank you sir. Number five. Here is your umbrella and your coat. This is not my umbrella. Sorry sir. Is this your umbrella? No, it isn't. Is this it? Yes, it is. Thank you very much. Lesson 5: Nice to meet you. Good morning. Good morning, Mr. Blake. This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Sophie is a new student. She is a French. Sophie, this is Hans. He is German. Nice to meet you. And this is Naoko.

She’s Japanese. Nice to meet you. And this is Chang-woo. He’s Korean. (朝鲜人) Nice to meet you. And this is Luming. He’s Chinese. Nice to meet you. And this is Xiaohui. She’s Chinese, too. Nice to meet you. Lesson 7: Are you a teacher? I’m a new student. My name’s Robert. Nice to meet you. My name’s Sophie. Are you French? Yes, I’m. Are you French, too? No, I’m not. What nationality are you? I’m Ital ian. Are you a teacher? No, I’m not. What’s your job? I’m a keyboard operator. What’s your job? I’m an engineer. Lesson 9: How are you today? Hello, Helen. Hi, Steven. How are you today?

新概念英语第2册课文word版

Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. ' It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'. Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch 早餐还是午餐 It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said. 'What are you doing ' she asked. ' I'm having breakfast,' I repeated. 'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late It's one o'clock!'' - Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums/博物馆/ and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 'Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card ! 明信片总会消耗着我的度假时间。去年夏天,我去了意大利,参观完毕博物馆后我坐在公共公园里,一个友善的作家教会我一些意大利语,然后他借给我一本书,我看了几行,但是我一个字都不认识,每天我想着关于明信片的事情,我的假期渡过

国际金融理论与实务笔记()

第一章货币与货币制度 本章学习目的和要求 通过对本章的学习,考生应准确识记本章的基本概念、领会本章的基本理论。 了解货币的起源及相关理论;了解货币形式的演变历程;了解货币制度的基本构成及国家货币制度的演变;了解国际货币体系的演变历程。 理解货币的职能。 掌握我国人民币制度的主要内容;掌握布雷顿森林体系和牙买加体系的主要内容。 课程内容: 第一节货币的起源与货币形式的演变 一、货币的起源 货币产生后,出现了很多关于货币起源的理论。其中马克思的货币起源学说是其中的一个典型代表。 按照马克思的货币起源学说,货币是伴随着商品价值形式的不断发展变化而最终产生的。商品价值形式经历了四个不同的发展变化阶段: 1.简单的或偶然的价值形式阶段 在这一阶段上,一种商品的价值仅仅是简单的或偶然的表现在与它相交换的另外一种商品上。即:1只绵羊=2把石斧 2.总和的或扩大的价值形式阶段 在这一阶段上,一种商品的价值表现在了与它相交换的一系列商品上。即: 2把石斧 1件上衣

1只绵羊= 15公斤茶叶 一定数量的其它商品 3.一般价值形式(一般等价形式)阶段 在这一阶段,所有商品的价值都表现在了一个作为一般等价物的商品身上,即:2把石斧 1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于一只绵羊。 4.货币形式阶段 在这一阶段,所有商品的价值都表现在了作为固定的一般等价物的金或银上,即:2把石斧 1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于1克黄金。 二、货币形式的演变 货币产生后,伴随着商品生产和商品交换的发展,货币形式经历了从商品货币到信用货币的演变过程。 1.商品货币 商品货币最大的特点就是其自身价值(凝结在商品货币身上的无差别的一般的人类劳动)与其作为货币所购买的那种商品的价值在量上相等。也就是足值性。 商品货币又包括两种形式:实物货币、金属货币 (1)实物货币 实物货币是指以自然界中存在的某种物品或人们生产的某种商品来充当货币。 实物货币自身存在一些不利于商品交换的弊端,体现在如下三个方面: 1)实物货币不易分割、(无法满足小额商品交换的需要); 2)实物货币不易保管; 3)实物货币不便携带。 (2)金属货币 金属货币:金、银

新概念英语第二册笔记_第32课教学提纲

新概念英语第二册笔记_第32课

Lesson 32 Shopping made easy购物变得很方便 【New words and expressions】(6) once adv. 1)一次 (for one time) once- twice-three times-- I’ve been to Paris once.我去过巴黎一次。 The girl gave her mother a free dress once a week.(一周一次) 2)adv.一度,曾经,以前 例: People are not so honest as they once were. 人们不像以前那样诚实了。 工once lived in Africa.我曾经住在非洲。 The book was once famous.这本书曾经很出名。 at once; immediately: right away 立刻,马上 例:After work,come back at once! 下班之后立刻回家! once again/ once more 例:Read the new words once again.再重新读一遍。 once upon a time很久以前 / long, long ago 例: Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess. 很久以前有一位漂亮的公主。 temptation n.诱惑 tempt v.怂恿,劝说或鼓励某人做某事(尤其错事,傻事) tempt sb to do sth tempt sb into sth tempt sb into doing sth

新概念英语第一册英语教案(全)

Lesson 1 Excuse me! 对不起! Lesson 2 Is this your…这是你的……吗? 一、教学目的 1.理解主系表结构的陈述、一般疑问式 2.初步掌握询问“是否”的方法 二、教学重点 1.主系表结构 2.一般疑问句 3.代词小引 三、教学难点 1.人称代词和物主代词的区分运用 2.主系表结构及其一般疑问句 四、教学标准 1.识别并简单运用主系表结构 2.掌握一般疑问句及肯定回答 五、教学内容 1.语法点: 1)代词人称代词和物主代词 2)Be 动词 3)一般疑问句 4)主系表结构this为主语,名词做表语 5)一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答

2.语言点: 1)打扰他人 2)表达谢意 3.语音:初步知识,字母、音标介绍六、扩展练习 1.打扰他人的表达 2.表达谢意

Lesson 3 Sorry, sir. 对不起,先生。Lesson 4 Is this your…这是你的……吗? 一、教学目的 1.理解并运用主系表结构的陈述、一般疑问式 2.掌握询问“是否”的方法 二、教学重点 1.主系表结构 2.一般疑问句 3.代词形容词性物主代词 三、教学难点 1.人称代词和物主代词的区分运用 2.主系表结构及其一般疑问句 四、教学标准 1.识别并简单运用主系表结构 2.掌握一般疑问句及否定回答 五、教学内容 1.语法点: 1)否定陈述句 2)Be动词的否定形式 3)代词的功能 4)一般疑问句及否回答 5)形容词性物主代词 2.语言点:

1)询问“是否” 2)表达歉意 3.语音:字母、音标介绍 六、扩展练习 1.询问“是否” 2.向别人道歉

2011年自考《金融理论与实务》复习笔记4

第四章金融机构体系 第一节金融机构体系的构成 识记: 金融机构体系:一国金融机构按照一定的结构形成的整体。分中央银行、商业银行、其他金融机构。 我国的金融机构体系是以中央银行为领导,政策性金融和商业性金融相分离,以国有独资商业银行为主体,多种金融机构并存的现代金融体系。具体实施中,主要是围绕贯彻“分业经营、分业管理”的原则推进的。 领会: 金融体系的经济职能及其实现方式? 一国金融体系最基本的经济职能首先是充当资金流通的媒介,使资金由盈余的单位迅速流向资金短缺的单位,让资金发挥最大的效益。 这一职能的实现要借助于两种方式:一是间接融资方式。在银行信用中,银行等金融机构是信用活动的中间环节,是媒介。从银行组织存款看,它们是货币资金所有者即存款人的债务人;从银行发放贷款看,它们是货币资金需求者的债权人。货币资金的所有者和货币资金需求者,两者之闻并不发生直接的债权债务关系,银行成为媒介。所以这种资金筹集方式称为间接融资和间接金融。 二是直接融资方式。通过在金融市场上买卖股票、债券等方式实现资金的融通。在这个过程中,资金所有者和资金需求者两者之间直接建立金融联系,而不需要中介者扮演债务人和债权人这一环节。此时金融机构是金融市场的重要参与者。 西方各国金融体系的构成? 西方国家都各有一个规范庞大的金融体系,是众多银行与非银行金融机构并存的格局。其中银行机构居支配地位。从银行机构的组成来看,一般可分为中央银行、存款货币银行和专业银行三大类。 中央银行是一国金融机构体系的中心环节,处于特殊地位,具有对全国金融活动进行宏

观调控的特殊功能。存款货币银行、又称商业银行、存款银行、普通银行。是西方各国金融机构体系中的骨干力量。以经营工商业存、放款为主要业务,并为顾客提供转账结算等多种服务。同时,起着创造存款货币的作用。专业银行是专门经营某种特定范围的金融业务和提供专门性金融服务的银行。非银行金融机构是在中央银行和商业银行以外的办理其他金融性业务的信用机构。其构成更为庞杂。包括有保险公司、投资公司、信用合作组织、基金组织、租赁公司、证券机构等。 我国金融机构体系的建立过程? 我国金融机构体系的建立,是在各解放区银行的基础上,组建中国人民银行,没收官僚资本银行,改造民族资本银行,发展农村信用合作社,从而形成了以中国人民银行为中心的“大一统”的金融机构体系。 我国金融机构体系改革的三个阶段? 我国金融机构体系的改革经历了三个阶段:1)高度集中的金融机构体系;2)多元混合型金融机构体系;3)中央银行制度下的金融机构体系。 第二节商业银行 识记: 商业银行是各国金融机构体系中最重要的组成部分,是通过吸收单位和个人的存款,从事贷款发放、投资等获取利润的企业。其性质是:以追求利润为目标的、以经营金融资产和负债为对象、综合性、多功能的金融企业。 商业银行的职能:信用中介职能;支付中介职能;信有创造职能;金融服务功能。 单一银行制。也称独家银行制。其特点是银行业务完全由各自独立的商业银行经营,不设或限设分支机构。是美国最古老的银行形式之一。 分行制。其特点是,法律允许除了总行以外,在本市及国内外各地普遍设立分支机构,总行二般设在各大中心城市,所有分支机构统一由总行领导指挥。这种银行制度起源于英国的股份银行。目前,世界上大多数国家采用这种银行制度。 银行持股公司。是指由一个集团成立股权公司,再由该公司控制或收购两家以上的银行。

裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第82课

Lesson 82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼? 【New words and expressions】(7) monster n. 怪物sailor n. 海员 sight v. 见到creature n. 动物,生物peculiar adj. 奇怪的,不寻常的 shining adj. 闪闪发光的oarfish n. 桨鱼 ★ monster (1)n. 怪物 a one-eyed monster獨眼怪物 eg:A dragon is a fabulous monster . 龍是一個傳說中的怪物 (2)巨大物、(做形容詞)巨大 eg:The spaceship was a real monster . 巨大的宇宙飛船 a monster pumpkin 南瓜 monstrous adj. 畸形的, 怪異的, 巨大的 a monstrous iceberg 巨大的冰山 monstrously adv. ひどく、非常に ★ sailor (1)n. 海员、水手 eg:His father is a sailor . (2)乘船的人(與adj. 連用) a good sailor 不暈船的人←→ a bad sailor 暈船的人 sail(同音詞sale)(1)n. 帆put up a sail 揚帆 (2)n.航行、航程go for a sail 乘船去航行 eg:It’s a forty-minute sail from Dove to Calais . 從多佛到加來需45分鐘的航行 in full sail 以全速;set sail 啟航 (3)v. 揚帆、航行,(使)行使 eg:The yacht sailed around the cape . 那艘遊艇繞岬航行。 eg:He sailed his boat into the harbor . 他將船直接駛向港口。 eg:Can you sail a yacht ?你會駕駛遊艇? sail close to the wind 幾乎犯法;冒風險 sailing n. 航海;sailing boat (英)帆船(美:sail boat)★ sight (1) v. 见到 eg:They sighted land at last . 他們終於看見陸地了 (2)n. 視力、視覺 near sighted =short sighted 近視 far sighted =long sighted 遠視 lose one’s sight 失明 (3)n. 視野 go out of sight 從視線消失、看不見了;come in sight 映入眼簾in sight 看得見,被見到;在望,在即 eg;I caught sight of his tall figure in the crowd . 在人群中我看見他高大的身影。

新概念英语第一册(1-9)

]新概念第一册 Lesson 1Excuse me! 对不起! Whose handbag is it? 它是谁的手提包? Excuse me!Yes?Is this your handbag? 对不起.什么事?这是您的手提包吗? Pardon?Is this your handbag? 对不起,请再说一遍.这是您的手提包吗? Yes,it is.Thank you very much. 是的,是我的.非常感谢! Whose handbag is it? 它是谁的手提包? It’s the woman’s. 它是那个妇女的。 Lesson 3 :Sorry,sir. 对不起,先生. Does the man get his umbrella back? 这位先生找回他的伞了吗? My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我. Here is my ticket. 这是我(寄存东西)的牌子. Thank you,sir.Number five. 谢谢,先生.是5号. Here’s your umbrella and your coat. 这是您的伞和大衣. This is not my umbrella.Sorry,sir. 这不是我的伞.对不起,先生.

Is this your umbrella?No,it isn’t. 这把伞是您的吗?不,不是! Is this it?Yes,it is.Thank you very much. 这把是吗?是,是这把.非常感谢. Does the man get his umbrella back? 这位先生找回他的伞了吗? Yes,he does. 是的,他找到了。 Lesson 5:Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你. Is Chang-woo Chinese? 昌宇是中国人吗? MR.BLAKE:Good morning. 早上好. STUDENTS:Good morning,Mr.Blake. 早上好.布莱克先生. MR.BLAKE:This is Miss Sophie Dupont. 这位是索菲娅.杜邦小姐. Sophie is a new student.She is French. 索菲娅是个新学生.她是法国人. MR.BLAKE:Sophie,this is Hans.He is German. 索菲娅,这位是汉斯.他是德国人. HANS:Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你. MR.BLAKE:And this is Naoko.She's Japanese. 这位是直子.她是日本人. [01:11.34]NAOKO:Nice to meet you -很高兴见到你! MR.BLAKE:And this is Chang-woo.He's Korean.

国际金融理论与实务笔记修订稿

国际金融理论与实务笔 记 集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]

第一章货币与货币制度 本章学习目的和要求通过对本章的学习,考生应准确识记本章的基本概念、领会本章的基本理论。了解货币的起源及相关理论;了解货币形式的演变历程;了解货币制度的基本构成及国家货币制度的演变;了解国际货币体系的演变历程。理解货币的职能。掌握我国人民币制度的主要内容;掌握布雷顿森林体系和牙买加体系的主要内容。课程内容: 第一节货币的起源与货币形式的演变 一、货币的起源 货币产生后,出现了很多关于货币起源的理论。其中马克思的货币起源学说是其中的一个典型代表。 按照马克思的货币起源学说,货币是伴随着商品价值形式的不断发展变化而最终产生的。商品价值形式经历了四个不同的发展变化阶段: 1.简单的或偶然的价值形式阶段 在这一阶段上,一种商品的价值仅仅是简单的或偶然的表现在与它相交换的另外一种商品上。即:1只绵羊=2把石斧 2.总和的或扩大的价值形式阶段 在这一阶段上,一种商品的价值表现在了与它相交换的一系列商品上。即: 2把石斧 1件上衣 1只绵羊= 15公斤茶叶 一定数量的其它商品 3.一般价值形式(一般等价形式)阶段 在这一阶段,所有商品的价值都表现在了一个作为一般等价物的商品身上,即:2把石斧 1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于一只绵羊。 4.货币形式阶段 在这一阶段,所有商品的价值都表现在了作为固定的一般等价物的金或银上,即:2把石斧1件上衣 15千克茶叶一定数量的其他产品都等于1克黄金。 二、货币形式的演变 货币产生后,伴随着商品生产和商品交换的发展,货币形式经历了从商品货币到信用货币的演变过程。 1.商品货币 商品货币最大的特点就是其自身价值(凝结在商品货币身上的无差别的一般的人类劳动)与其作为货币所购买的那种商品的价值在量上相等。也就是足值性。 商品货币又包括两种形式:实物货币、金属货币 (1)实物货币 实物货币是指以自然界中存在的某种物品或人们生产的某种商品来充当货币。 实物货币自身存在一些不利于商品交换的弊端,体现在如下三个方面: 1)实物货币不易分割、(无法满足小额商品交换的需要); 2)实物货币不易保管; 3)实物货币不便携带。 (2)金属货币 金属货币:金、银

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