新版中考英语词汇专项复习知识讲解

新版中考英语词汇专项复习知识讲解
新版中考英语词汇专项复习知识讲解

新版中考英语词汇专项复习知识讲解

一、学习目标

1.掌握常见名词,介词,连词等词的词义辨析。

2.掌握常见词组的词义辨析。

二、知识讲解

词语辨析:

第一组:Job, work & occupation

Work——是用于表示工作或职业最常用的词,它可以用来指一切长期性的职业,包括脑力劳动和体力劳动,通常代替employment和job。不过work多用来指“工作”本身,平常我们每做一件事无论大小,都可以称为work。

例句:I started work when I was 18.

Job——非正式用语,泛指一份固定的赚钱工作,不论是否需要技术和特殊训练。该词在口语中广泛使用。

例句:She has a good job in a bank. 她在银行里有份很好的工作。Occupation——指一个人经常担任的工作,不论是否领取工资。

例句:By occupation she is a housewife.她的工作是管家。

这是因为尽管她没有外出工作,但她负责管理整个家庭,照顾一家人的生活,她的管家工作就可以称为occupation,而不能用其他词来代替。当然,干工作

而又领取工资的也可称为occupation。

例句:The principal occupation of the inhabitants is to feed peacefully

on tourists. 当地居民的主要职业是靠招待旅游者平静地度日。

小测试:请用以上所学词组进行填空

1. He finally got a _________ in a supermarket.

2. Will you go back to __________ when you've had the baby?

3. State your name, age, and ______________in the box below.

第二组:Some & any

Some和any——既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此some和any 的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中,与名词的可数与否无关。

例句:--I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。

--I can’t see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。

--Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗?

Some 意为“一些”,可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。

例句:some books一些书some boys一些男孩

也可修饰不可数名词

例句:some water一些水some tea一些茶叶

但在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some 而不用any。

例句:Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡?

What about some fruit juice? 来点果汁如何?

当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中。

例句:Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。

小测试:请用以上所学词组进行填空

1. I don’t have __________ milk.

2. There is _________ water in the glass.

3. Do they have ________ friends in China?

4. I want to buy _________vegetables.

5. Would you like _______ coffee?

第三组:both, either & neither

这三个词都指两个人或物,它们既可以单独作主语,也可以与of 连用,但是它们的具体含义不同。

both ——表示“两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词常用复数。

例句:Both of you are right. 你们两个人全对。

Either——表示“两者中的任何一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

例句:You can park on either side of the street. 在街道的哪边停车都可以. neither ——表示“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

例句:Neither of the girls is tall. 这两个女孩都不高。

第四组:all, none & any

这三个词都指三个或三个以上的人或物。它们的具体含义为:All——表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都”。

例句:All of the books are interesting. 所有的书都很有趣。

none ——表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都不”。

例句:I like none of the films. 这些电影我都不喜欢。

any ——表示“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任何一个”。

例句:You may take any of these magazines.

在这些杂志中你可以随便拿一本。

第五组:other, the other, the others & another

Other——表示“别的,另外的”,只能作形容词,后面加复数可数名词。

the other——既可以作形容词,后面加单数或复数可数名词,也可作代词,单独充当句子成分。

one ... the other ... 是一个固定短语,表示“一个……,另一个……”

例句:If you work hard, you are sure to catch up with other students.

如果你努力学习的话,你肯定会赶上其他学生。

My parents have two children. One is me and the other is my sister.

我父母有两个孩子, 一个是我,一个是我妹妹。

the others——作代词,后面不能加任何的名词或代词,它强调“其余所有的(人或物)”,表示特指。

some ... the others ... 是一个固定搭配,表示“一些……,另一些……”。

例句:There are twenty boys in our class; the others are girls.

我们班有二十名男生,其他的是女生。

Another——常指不定数目中的“另一个”,既可作形容词修饰单数名词,也可作代词单独使用。

例句:I don't like this skirt. Please show me another (one).

我不喜欢这条裙子,请给我再拿一条看看。

注意:

another后的名词有数词或few修饰时,其后也可接复数名词。“another + 数词+ 名词”相当于“数词+ more + 名词”。

例句:We still have another twenty trees to plant.

= We still have twenty more trees to plant. 我们还有二十棵树要种。

中考链接:

1.(2011中考·枣庄) Did you see Peter and Mike?

No, I saw ______of them.

A. neither

B. either

C. both

D. none

2.--- It was a heavy snow last night. Are we all here now?

--- Yes, and _____ of us was late for school.(2011中考·三亚)

A. all

B. either

C. neither

D. none

小测试:请用黄框内的词语填空

1. This dress is too small. Please give me _________ one.

2. This is your football sock. Where is ___________ one?

3. We study Chinese, math, English and _______ lessons.

4. In that school, ________ student has a computer.

5. There are a lot of people in the park. Some are walking, some are looking at the flowers, _______ are boating.

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