1.2.2-船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构
1.2.2 船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构
1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______.
A. piston
B. connecting rod
C. cylinder
D. spark plug
注柴油机与汽油机相似除了柴油机没有火花塞。D
2. Fuel oil begins to inject into the cylinder of a four-stroke diesel engine during the _____.
A. intake stroke
B. exhaust stroke
C. power stroke
D. compression stroke
注燃油开始喷射进入柴油机气缸是在压缩冲程末。D
3. Oil for piston cooling is delivered through rod to a compartment in the piston heat, then distributed as a result of piston motion, and finally drained to the crankcase through one or more holes or pipes; this procedure is known as the _____.
A. splash method
B. spray method
C. shaker method
D. throw-off method
注活塞冷却油通过活塞杆进入一个空间，由于活塞的往复运动，将通过一些小孔管加热，分配最后排放冷却油到曲轴箱，这个过程被称为震荡冷却。C
4. Successful combustion inside the cylinders of a diesel engine depend upon______.
A. fine atomization
B. high temperature
C. good mixing of fuel and air
D. any one of the other alternatives 注柴油机气缸内完全燃烧取决于良好雾化，高温，以及燃油空气的良好混合。D
5. The function of diesel engine valve springs is to ______.
A. hold the valves open
B. keep the valves off their seats until the exhaust stroke is completed
C. close the valves
D. open inlet valves when the air injection cycle begins
注柴油机阀件弹簧的作用是关闭阀。C
6. Cast iron pistons used in large propulsion diesel engines are constructed with_____.
A. no taper
B. the skirt being tapered and smaller than the crown
C. the skirt being tapered and larger than the crown
D. the crown being tapered and smaller than the skirt
注使用在大型推进装置的铸铁活塞的建造是使用活塞头呈锥面，并且小于活塞裙。D
7. In a full floating piston pin, the pin is prevented from sliding against the cylinder walls by _______
A. snap rings
B. seal welding
C. a press fitting
D. a tongue-and-groove
注在全浮动的活塞销上，扣环可以防止活塞销滑动而碰壁。A
8. The use of push rods is necessary in a diesel engine when______
A. the camshaft located some distance below the rocker arms
B. the rocker arms are pivoted near their centers
C. two or more valves must be opened and closed at same time
D. hydraulic valve lash adjusters are used
注当凸轮轴位于摇臂之下距离时，推杆的使用是必要的。A
9. In a large slow-speed propulsion diesel engine, the force applied to the crosshead is ______
A. against the crosshead during power stroke and away from the crosshead during the compression stroke
B. against the crosshead during the compression stroke and away from the crosshead during the compression stroke
C. against the crosshead during the power and compression strokes
D. away from the crosshead during the power and compression strokes
注在大型低速主推进柴油机中，施加给活塞的力，在压缩冲程和作功冲程期间是对着十字头方向的。C
10. Diesel engine cylinder head test cocks are used to ______.
A. check cylinder lubrication prior to starting engine
B. connect exhaust gas analyzers to determine engine efficiency
C. hydraulic test exhaust heats for leaking
D. remove moisture accumulations from cylinders prior to starting
注柴油机缸盖上的示功阀用来除掉启动前气缸内的残余物。D
11. Besides assisting in cooling, the piston cooling fins also provide extra strength for the piston______.
A. skirt
B. crown
C. wrist pin
D.oil rings
注除了冷却外，活塞冷却翅片也为活塞头提供了附加的力。B
12. In diesel engines, the four basic events (intake, compression, power and exhaust) are performed once in _______.
A. two crankshaft revolutions in a two-stroke engine
B. two power stroke in a two-stroke engine
C. collecting the air charge at the air cleaner
D. combustion and expansion of hot gas
注在二冲程柴油机中，活塞两个冲程期间，进气、压缩、作功和排气等四个动作各进行一次。D
13. In describing basic diesel engine operation, the term”event” refers to the______.
A. production of high pressure gases
B. removal of expended combustion gases
C. admission of air to the cylinder
D. any one of the other alternatives
注在描述柴油机基本工作过程中，术语"event"指的是，高压气体的产生，废气的排出和新鲜空气的吸入。D
14. The term”diesel engine scavenging” means______
A. delivering more air into the cylinder than it would normally receive
during an ordinary charging process
B. forcing the products of combustion out of the cylinder with the fresh air charge
C. collecting the air charge at the air cleaner
D. combustion and expansion of hot gas
注柴油机的扫气是利用新鲜的空气将废气排除的过程。B
15.If fuel oil injects into the cylinder of a diesel engine just after the piston passes top dead center, it will_______
A. increase engine power
B. increase engine load
C. decrease engine power
D. improve fuel economy
注在柴油机上止点后喷油将降低柴油机的功率。C
16. The air supplied to a diesel engine is compressed to ______
A. provide heat for the ignition of the fuel
B. start the engine
C. decrease injection delay
D. improve fuel economy
注供给柴油机的空气被压缩，以提供足够的热量引燃燃油，但不能减少喷油延时。A
17. In a single-acting diesel engine, the cylinder liner area that is most difficult to lubricate is the _____
A. major thrust side
B. minor thrust side
C. top circumference
D. bottom circumference
注在单作用的柴油机上，最难润滑的汽缸套区域是主推力侧。A
18. A naturally aspirated diesel engine at full throttle will have an intake manifold pressure______
A. slightly less than atmospheric pressure
B. approximately equal to exhaust manifold pressure at all times
C. that is widely fluctuating
D. constantly decreasing as engine load increases
注对于自然吸入的柴油机，进气总管内的压力稍低于大气压。A
19. Which of the following two events occurs simultaneously in a two-stroke diesel engine?
A. exhaust and scavenging
B. scavenging and compression
C. ignition and exhaust
D. exhaust and compression
注排气和扫气冲程在二冲程的柴油机里同时发生。A
20.”loop”,”uniflow”,” ”, and “return-flow”, are terms used to describe various types of______
A. control air circuits
B. supercharging
C. turbochargers
D. scavenging
注弯流，直流，横流，回流这些都是扫气的类型。D
21. In order to reverse the rotation of a two-stroke loop scavenged, direct reversing, propulsion diesel engine, the cam positions must be changed
for the _______
A. starting air and fuel pumps
B. piston cooling pumps
C. exhaust valves
D. any one of the other alternations 注柴油机换向，必须改变启动空气、燃油泵凸轮的位置。A
22. Connecting rods in a trunk-piston diesel engine are opened and used to connect the_______
A. engine to the bed
B. rocker arm to the camshaft
C. crankshaft to the gear train
D. piston to the crankshaft
注筒形活塞柴油机的连杆被用来链接活塞和曲轴D
23. The intake ports of a two-stroke diesel engine are opened and closed by the action of the _______
A. camshaft
B. piston movement
C. exhaust valves
D. vertical drive
注二冲程柴油机吸气口的启闭是由活塞运动实现的。B
24. What causes diesel fuel to be ignited in the cylinder of an operating diesel engine?
A. spark plug
B. heat of compression
C. carburetor
D. glow plug
注柴油机是压燃式的内燃机，然油是由空气的压缩热引燃的 B
25. The lower section of a piston is called the _____
A. land
B. skirt
C. crown
D. plate
注活塞的下半部分被称作活塞裙。B
26. On most diesel engines, the governor controls the output speed by_____
A. controlling the amount of duel injected into the cylinders
B. varying the aped of the turbocharger
C. adjusting the compression ratio
D. changing the timing of the fuel injection camshaft
注调速器是通过控制喷射进入气缸的燃油量来调节速度的。A
27. Most fuel injection nozzles are opened by______
A. fuel oil pressure
B. a cam operated follower
C. a spring-loaded pressure plate
D. timing gears keyed to the crankshaft
注燃油喷嘴是由燃油压力来打开的。
28. An individual injection pump is designed for variable beginning and constant ending of injection. For diesel engines operating at constant speeds, the stat of injection will______
A. advance as the load increases
B. retard as the load increases
C. remain unchanged regardless of load
D. always occur at top deal center
注对于始点可调式、终点不可调式的喷油泵，当柴油机转速恒定时，随着负荷增加，喷油定时应提前A
29. The function of diesel engine piston compression rings is to _____
A. prevent piston side thrust
B. prevent engine friction losses
C. transmit heat from the piston to the cylinder liner
D. remove oil from the cylinder combustion space
注活塞压缩环的一个作用是把热量从活塞传递到气缸套。C
30. The process of supplying a diesel engine cylinder with air at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is called_____
A. engine displacement
B. super-aspirating
C. air injection
D. supercharging
注给柴油机气缸供应高于大气压力的新鲜空气的过程被称为扫气D
31. The power output of a turbocharged diesel will drop if the cooling water flow through the air cooler is interrupted because the _______ A. turbocharger stalls B. exhaust pressure increases
C. air charge density decreases
D. scavenge effect increases
注空冷器冷却水流量减少，进气温度升高，从而使进气密度减少，发动机功率下降C
32. The diameter of a piston is usually less at the crown than at the skirt in order to ______
A. facilitate the installation of piston rings
B. allow for the expansion of the piston during operation
C. prevent crankcase vapors from entering the combustion chamber
D. reduce wearing of the upper cylinder liner
注活塞头部的直径比裙部的直径小，主要是运行期间，头部温度高、膨胀量大B
33. What occurs in the combustion space of a diesel engine cylinder shortly after ignition and before the piston reaches TDC?
A. rapid increase in temperature with constant pressure
B. rapid increase in pressure with constant temperature
C. rapid increase in pressure and temperature
D. rapid increase in volume and decrease in pressure
注柴油机气缸燃烧室内燃油点火后、活塞到达上止点之前，气缸内的温度和压力都迅速增加。C
34. The camshaft of a four-stroke diesel engine is used to operate_______
A. fuel injectors
B. exhaust valves
C. intake valves
D. any one of other alternatives
注四冲程柴油机的凸轮轴被用来操作喷油器，排气阀以及进气阀D
35. In a four-stroke diesel engine the intake valves open _______
A. before TDC and close after BDC
B. after TDC and close after BDC
C. before TDC and close before BDC
D. after TDC and close before BDC
注四冲程的柴油机的进气阀上止点之前打开，下止点之后关闭A
36. In which of the following scavenging methods will the exhaust valve be located in the cylinder head?
A. return-flow
B. uniflow
C. cross flow
D. direct flow
注在直流扫气中，排气阀位于汽缸头之上。B
37. Which of the following statements is correct regarding a turbocharged four-stroke diesel generator?
A. at zero load the intake manifold pressure is greater than the exhaust manifold pressure.
B. at full load the intake manifold pressure and exhaust manifold pressure are equal
C. at full load the intake manifold pressure is less than the exhaust manifold pressure
D. at full load the intake manifold pressure is greater than the exhaust manifold pressure.
注当四冲程涡轮增压柴油发电机全负荷运转时，进气总管的压力大于排气总管的压力。D
38. Which of the following adjustments must be made to a naturally aspirated four-stroke diesel engine if a turbocharger is installed?
A. increase the compression ratio
B. increase the exhaust and intake valve overlap
C. increase the ignition lag
D. because the amount of exhaust and intake valve overlap
注对于自然吸气的柴油机，如果安装了涡轮增压器，气阀重叠期才会增加B 39．During warm-up，the expansion of valve stems due to engine heat is allowed for by the __ __.
A. valve spring
B. hydraulic governor
C. valve lash
D. cooling system
注在暖机期间，由于发动机的加热产生阀杆的膨胀在气阀间隙许可的范围内。C 40. In a diesel engine, the main bearings are used between the___.
A, connecting rod and the crankshaft
B, wrist pin and connecting rod
C, camshaft and the engine block
D, crankshaft and the engine block
注柴油机中，主轴承用于曲轴和机座之间。D
41.The relative air pressure in the inlet manifold of a turbocharged diesel engine is usually ____.
A.greater than the average exhaust manifold pressure
B.less than the average exhaust manifold pressure
C.greater at the turbine wheel than at the impeller
D.greater at reduced engine speed
注涡轮增压柴油机进气管空气的压力高于排气总管的平均压力。A
42. In an internal combustion engine, which of the devices listed will force the compression rings to seal the compression gases in the space above the piston?
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3510661089.html,ed of bimetallic piston rings.
B.Ring gap pre-pensioning.
C.Thermal increase in ring-end clearance
D.Gas pressure acting against the back of the ring
注在内燃机里，燃气的密封是靠作用在活塞环背面的气体力来实现的。D
43.Black smoke exhausting from an auxiliary diesel engine can be caused by ____.
A.fuel dribbling from leaking fuel injector
B.burning fuel with a high carbon content
C.burning fuel with a high vanadium content
D.burning fuel with lower sulphur content
注发动机超负荷会引起排温过高、排气冒黑烟。 A
44.In a jerk pump, the amount of fuel that will be forced through the spray nozzle on each upward stroke of the plunger depends on ____.
A.the pump supply pressure
B.the slope of the fuel cam
C.how the plunger is rotated
D.the number of sleeve segments engaged with the rack
注高压油泵柱塞每个行程通过喷嘴的喷油量取决于如何转动柱塞。C
45. Turbocharged four-stroke/cycle diesel engines utilize valve overlap for ____.
A.improving cylinder scavenging
B.preheating the combustion chamber
C.reducing air charge density
D.preventing valve wear
注四冲程涡轮增压柴油机利用气阀重叠可提高扫气。A
46.Diesel engine piston ring gaps can be straight or angle cut. In comparison , the angle cut ring_____.
A.allows piston ring expansion
B.controls piston ring tension
C.increase ring wearing quality
D.decreases combustion gas leakage
注柴油机的活塞环的搭口有直切口或斜切口。相比较而言，斜切口活塞环能降低燃气泄漏。D
47.Turbulence of the compressed air charge in a diesel engine cylinder increases _____.
A.ignition lag
B.piston side thrust
C.efficiency of the engine
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3510661089.html,pression pressure 注进入柴油机气缸的压缩空气的紊乱增加柴油机的效率。 C
48. Telescopic pipes to the piston of a large slow-speed main propulsion diesel engine are designed to prevent ____.
A.excessive crankcase pressure
B.excessive lube oil temperature
C.contamination of the lube oil by water
D.contamination of the cooling water by lube oil
注低速柴油机中，通向活塞的伸缩管用来防止滑油被冷却水污染。C
49. The shape of a cam on a diesel engine determines the valve's ____.
A.point of opening
B.speed of opening
C.lift from its seat
D.All of the above.
注柴油机凸轮的形状决定了阀的开启时间、速度和阀的升程。D
50. Engine displacement is equal to the cylinder ____.
A. area times the stroke
B. area times the stroke, times the number of cylinders
C. volume times the stroke
D. volume times the stroke, times the number of cylinders
注发动机的排虽=气缸面积x活塞冲程×气缸数目。B
51.. A connecting rod in a four-stroke/cycle diesel engine is subject to ____.
A.tension load twice each crankshaft revolution
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3510661089.html,pression load during power and compression strokes
C.inertia load once every four crankshaft revolutions
D.bending loads at bottom and top dead center
注四冲程柴油机连杆在作功和压缩过程中受压。B
52.The upper piston rings in large, slow-speed, two-stroke/cycle diesel engines are most effectively lubricated by oil ____.
A.fed from mechanical lubricators
B.thrown off from the main bearings
C.supplied from wick fed drip lubricators(灯芯式滴油注油器)
D.flow from a centrifugal or banjo oiler(放射管加油器)
注大型低速二冲程柴油机的上半部分的活塞环是由机械注油器供应的油来润滑的。A
53. By which of the following disadvantages are cylinder linings constructed as an integral part of the block characterized ?
A.They conduct heat poorly
B.They are expensive.
C.They cannot be replaced.
D.They require special tools for removal.
注将气缸套和气缸体制造成一个整体，其缺点是不能更换。C
54.The main function of tie gods in the construction of large,low speed diesel engines is to ____.
A.stiffen the bedplate in way of the main bearings to increase the engine's longitudinal(纵向的) strength
B.accept most of the tensile(张力的或拉力的)loading that results from the firing forces developed during operation
C.mount the engine frame securely to the hull to prevent shaft coupling misalignment(失中)