北京奥运会资料与运动Olympic_Games

北京奥运会

奥运会Olympic Games

奥运会选拔赛Olympic trial

国际奥委会International Olympic Committee

奥运会会歌Olympic Anthem

奥运火炬Olympic torch

奥运会代表团Olympic delegation

奥运村Olympic village

组委会organization committee

开幕式opening ceremony

闭幕式closing ceremony

吉祥物mascot

颁奖台podium

其次，我们通过一些句子来增强对奥运会的了解。

The international Olympic Committee constituted itself on 23rd June 1894.国际奥委会于1894年6月23日成立。

he Olympic symbol, the five interlocking rings, represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of the athletes of the world at the Olympic Games.奥林匹克的标志是五个相连的圆环，它代表着五大洲的团结和全世界运动员在奥运会上相聚一堂。

The official languages of the IOC are French and English.国际奥委会的官方语言是法语和英语。

The Olympic flame is a symbol reminiscent of the ancient Olympic Games.奥运圣火是人们缅怀古代奥运会的象征。

The Olympic Games consist of the Games of the Olympiad and the Olympic Winter Games. Both take place every four years.奥运会包括夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会，它们都是每四年举办一次。

The Olympic Games shall be proclaimed open by the Head of State of the host country.奥运会由东道国国家元首宣布开幕。

The delegation parade in alphabetical order according to the language of the host country, except for Greece, which leads the parade, and for the host country which brings up the rear.代表团按东道国语言文字的字母顺序入场。希腊和东道国例外，希腊代表团第一个入场，东道国代表团最后一个入场。

Olympic Games projects

In 2008 Beijing Olympics, this event is of the: big projects, and

sub-subparagraph.

And the Athens Olympic Games, Beijing Olympic Games is a major event 28, 28: track and field, rowing, badminton, softball, basketball, football, boxing,

canoeing, cycling, fencing, gymnastics, weightlifting, handball, Hockey, judo, wrestling, water projects, modern pentathlon, baseball, equestrian, taekwondo, tennis, table tennis, shooting, archery, triathlon, sailing and windsurfing volleyball.

The breakdown of some items did not, is the largest sub-water projects, including swimming, synchronized swimming, water polo and diving four

sub-item. Although there is no breakdown of track and field, there are 46 Xiao Xiang, Xiao Xiang 24 men, 22 women Xiao Xiang, the Olympic Games is the largest project in the gold medal. This was followed by swimming, although no breakdown, but there were 32 small items, the 16 men and women. International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge said that as a martial arts competition will appear in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, its full title is "2008 Beijing Olympic Games Wushu Competition."

Olympic mascots

Fuwa Beijing in 2008 is the 29th session of the Olympic Games mascot, colors and inspiration from the Olympic rings, from China's vast land of mountains, rivers, lakes and sea-people image of favorite animal. Fuwa to children around the world convey friendship, peace, entrepreneurial spirit and harmony between man and nature of a desire.

Fuwa is the closest five lovely small partner, and their integration into the shape of the fish, panda, the Olympic flame, Tibetan antelope and the swallow's image. Each doll has a Lang Lang missing you name: "Babe," "Jingjing," "Huanhuan," "Yingying" and "Nini", in China, Permian Yinming Word is like the children of a traditional way. When the names of the five children together, you will read out Beijing in the world for his kind invitation "Beijing welcomes you."

Fuwa on behalf of the Chinese people's dream and desire. Their prototype contains a headdress and with the sea, forest, fire, earth and air links, its image of the traditional Chinese art performance, has demonstrated China's splendid culture.

奥运会的项目

在2008年北京奥运会上，比赛项目是这样划分的：大项、分项和小项。

与雅典奥运会一样，北京奥运会的比赛项目是大项28项，这28项为：田径、赛艇、羽毛球、垒球、篮球、足球、拳击、皮划艇、自行车、击剑、体操、举重、手球、曲棍球、柔道、摔跤、水上项目、现代五项、棒球、马术、跆拳道、网球、乒乓球、射击、射箭、铁人三项、帆船帆板和排球。

其中，有些项目没有分项，分项最多的是水上项目，包括了游泳、花样游泳、水球和跳水4个分项。田径虽然没有分项，却有46个小项，其中男子24个小项，女子22个小项，是奥运会项目中金牌最多的。其次是游泳，虽然没有分项，但是有32个小项，男女各16项。

国际奥委会主席罗格说，武术将作为比赛项目出现在2008年北京奥运会上，其全称是“北京2008奥运会武术比赛”。

奥运会吉祥物

福娃是北京2008年第29届奥运会吉祥物，其色彩与灵感来源于奥林匹克五环、来源于中国辽阔的山川大地、江河湖海和人们喜爱的动物形象。福娃向世界各地的孩子们传递友谊、和平、积极进取的精神和人与自然和谐相处的美好愿望。

福娃是五个可爱的亲密小伙伴，他们的造型融入了鱼、大熊猫、奥林匹克圣火、藏羚羊以及燕子的形象。每个娃娃都有一个琅琅上口的名字:“贝贝”、“晶晶”、“欢欢”、“迎迎”和“妮妮”，在中国，叠音名

字是对孩子表达喜爱的一种传统方式。当把五个娃娃的名字连在一起，你会读出北京对世界的盛情邀请“北京欢迎您”。

福娃代表了梦想以及中国人民的渴望。他们的原型和头饰蕴含着其与海洋、森林、火、大地和天空的联系，其形象设计应用了中国传统艺术的表现方式，展现了中国的灿烂文化

Olympic Games

The Olympic Games is an international multi-sport event subdivided into summer and winter sporting events. The summer and winter games are each held every four years . Until 1992, they were held in the same year. Since then, they have been celebrated two years apart.

The original Olympic Games began in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, and was celebrated until AD 393. Interest in reviving the Olympic Games proper was first shown by the Greek poet and newspaper editor Panagiotis Soutsos in his poetry "Dialogue of the Dead" in 1833. Evangelos Zappas sponsored the first modern international Olympic Games in 1859. He paid for the refurbishment of the Panathinaiko Stadium for Games held there in 1870 and 1875. This was noted in newspapers and publications around the world including the London Review, which stated that "the Olympian Games, discontinued for centuries, have recently been revived! Here is strange news indeed ... the classical games of antiquity were revived near Athens".

The International Olympic Committee was founded with the initiative of a French nobleman in 1894, Pierre Frédy, Baron de Coubertin. The first of the IOC's Olympic Games were the 1896 Summer Olympics, held in Athens, Greece. Participation in the Olympic Games has increased to include athletes from nearly all nations worldwide. With the improvement of satellite communications and global telecasts of the events, the Olympics are consistently gaining supporters. The most recent Summer Olympics were the 2004 Games in Athens and the most recent Winter Olympics were the 2006 Games in Turin. The upcoming games in Beijing are planned to comprise 302 events in 28 sports. As of 2006, the Winter Olympics were competed in 84 events in 7 sports.

奥林匹克运动会（希腊语：Ολυμπιακο?Αγ?νε?，简称奥运会或奥运）是国际奥林匹克委员会主办的包含多种体育运动项目的国际性运动会，每四年举行一次。奥林匹克运动会最早起源于古希腊，因举办地在奥林匹亚而得名。19世纪末由法国的顾拜旦男爵创立了真正意义上的现代奥林匹克运动会。从1896年开始奥林匹克运动会每四年就举办一次（曾在两次世界大战中中断过三次，分别是在西元1916、1940和1944年），会期不超过16天。由于1924

年开始设立了冬季奥林匹克运动会，因此奥林匹克运动会习惯上又称为“夏季奥林匹克运动会”。奥林匹克运动会现在已经成为了和平与友谊的象征。

Performers hold pictures of multi-ethnic children during the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in Beijing on August 8, 2008. The

three-hour show at Beijing's iconic "Bird's Nest" national stadium is set to see more than 15,000 performers showcase the nation's ancient history and its rise as a modern power. [Agencies]

Children wave a large drawing during the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in Beijing on August 8, 2008. The three-hour show at Beijing's iconic "Bird's Nest" national stadium is set to see more than 15,000 performers showcase the nation's ancient history. [Agencies]

Performers hold pictures of multi-ethnic children during the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in Beijing on August 8, 2008.[Xinhua]

Artists perform. during the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in Beijing on August 8, 2008. The three-hour show at Beijing's iconic "Bird's Nest" national stadium is set to see more than 15,000 performers showcase the nation's ancient history .[Agencies]

Performers dance around a globe with images of Olympic athletes during the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in Beijing on August 8, 2008. The three-hour show at Beijing's iconic "Bird's Nest" national stadium is set to see more than 15,000 performers showcase the nation's ancient

history .[Agencies]

Participants take part in the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games at the National Stadium August 8, 2008. The stadium is also known as the Bird's Nest.[Agencies]

Actors perform. at the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games at the National Stadium August 8, 2008. The stadium is also known as the Bird's Nest. [Agencies]

Lang Lang performs during the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games at the National Stadium August 8, 2008. The stadium is also known as the Bird's Nest. [Agencies]

Karate performers during the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in Beijing on August 8, 2008. The three-hour show at Beijing's iconic "Bird's Nest" national stadium is set to see more than 15,000 performers showcase the nation's ancient history. [Agencies]

Entertainers perform. around a scroll during the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in Beijing on August 8, 2008. The three-hour show at Beijing's iconic "Bird's Nest" national stadium is set to see more than 15,000 performers showcase the nation's ancient history.

History of the Olympic Games

Ancient Olympic Games

Chronology of athletic events added to the Olympic Games

Myths and the Olympic Games

Pelops myth

Hercules myth

The Importance of the Olympic Games

The Importance of Ancient Greek Athletics

The Religious Aspects of the Ancient Olympic Games

The Olympic Games and the Greek Calendar

The Sacred Truce

The internationalization of the Olympic Games

Modern Olympic Games

Highlights of Modern Olympic Games

International Olympic Committee

Official Olympic Anthem (Greek & English)

Host Cities of Olympic Games

Sydney for Olympic Games of 2000

Athens for Olympic Games of 2004

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Ancient Olympic Games

The Olympic Games begun at Olympia in Greece in 776 BC. The Greek calendar was based on the Olympiad, the four-year period between games. The games were staged in the wooded valley of Olympia in Elis. Here the

Greeks erected statues and built temples in a grove dedicated to Zeus, supreme among the gods. The greatest shrine was an ivory and gold statue of Zeus. Created by the sculptor Phidias, it was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Scholars have speculated that the games in 776 BC were not the first games, but rather the first games held after they were organized into festivals held every four years as a result of a peace agreement between the city-states of Elis and Pisa. The Eleans traced the founding of the Olympic games to their King Iphitos, who was told by the Delphi Oracle to plant the olive tree from which the victors' wreaths were made.

According to Hippias of Elis, who compiled a list of Olympic victors c.400 BC, at first the only Olympic event was a 200-yard dash, called a stadium. This was the only event until 724 BC, when a two-stadia race was added. Two years later the 24-stadia event began, and in 708 the pentathlon was added and wrestling became part of the games. This pentathlon, a five-event match consisted of running, wrestling, leaping, throwing the discus, and hurling the javelin. In time boxing, a chariot race, and other events were included.

The victors of these early games were crowned with wreaths from a sacred olive tree that grew behind the temple of Zeus. According to tradition this tree was planted by Hercules (Heracles), founder of the games. The winners marched around the grove to the accompaniment of a flute while admirers chanted songs written by a prominent poet.

The Olympic Games were held without interruptions in ancient Greece. The games were even held in 480 BC during the Persian Wars, and coincided with the Battle of Thermopylae. Although the Olympic games were never suspended, the games of 364 BC were not considered Olympic since the Arkadians had captured the sanctuary and reorganized the games.

After the Battle of Chaironeia in 338 BC, Philip of Makedon and his son Alexander gained control over the Greek city-states. They erected the Philippeion (a family memorial) in the sanctuary, and held political meetings at Olympia during each Olympiad. In 146 BC, the Romans gained control of Greece and, therefore, of the Olympic games. In 85 BC, the Roman general Sulla plundered the sanctuary to finance his campaign against Mithridates. Sulla also moved the 175th Olympiad (80 BC) to Rome.

The games were held every four years from 776 BC to 393 AD, when they were abolished by the Christian Byzantine Emperor Theodosius I. The ancient Olympic Games lasted for 1170 years.

The successful campaign to revive the Olympics was started in France by Baron Pierre de Coubertin late in the 19th century. The first of the modern Summer Games opened on Sunday, March 24, 1896, in Athens, Greece. The first race was won by an American college student named James Connolly.

Chronology of athletic events added to the Olympic Games

According to the tradition of Hippias of Elis ca. 400 BC, the events of the Olympic Games were added to the program in the following order.

Myths and the Olympic Games

Pelops myth

There are several Greek myths about how the games were started. The most common myth was the story of the hero Pelops, after whom the Peloponnese is named ("Pelops’ isle"). The story of Pelops was displayed prominently on the east pedimental sculptures of the Temple of Zeus. Pelops was a prince from Lydia in Asia Minor who sought the hand of Hippodamia, the daughter of King Oinomaos of Pisa. Oinomaos challenged his daughter's suitors to a chariot race under the guarantee that any young man who won the chariot race could have Hippodamia as a wife. Any young man who lost the race would be beheaded, and the heads would be used as decoration for the palace of Oinomaos. With the help of his charioteer Myrtilos, Pelops devised a plan to beat Oinomaos in the chariot race. Pelops and Myrtilos secretly replaced the bronze linchpins of the King's chariot with linchpins made of wax. When Oinomaos was about to pass Pelops in the chariot race, the wax melted and Oinomaos was thrown to his death. Pelops married Hippodamia and instituted the Olympic games to celebrate his victory. A different version of the myth refers to the Olympic games as funeral games in the memory of Oinomaos.

Hercules (Herakles) myth

Another myth about the origin of the Olympic Games comes from the Tenth Olympian Ode of the poet Pindar. He tells the story of how Herakles, on his fifth labor, had to clean the stables of King Augeas of Elis. Herakles approached Augeas and promised to clean the stables for the price of

one-tenth of the king's cattle. Augeas agreed, and Herakles rerouted the Kladeos and Alpheos rivers to flow through the stables. Augeas did not fulfill his promise, however, and after Herakles had finished his labors he returned to Elis and waged war on Augeas. Herakles sacked the city of Elis and instituted the Olympic Games in honor of his father, Zeus. It is said that Herakles taught men how to wrestle and measured out the stadium, or the length of the footrace.

The Importance of the Olympic Games

The Importance of Ancient Greek Athletics

The ancient Greeks were highly competitive and believed strongly in the concept of "agon", or "competition" or "contest". The ultimate Greek goal was to be the best. All aspects of life, especially athletics, were centered around this concept. It was therefore considered one of the greatest honors to win a victory at Olympia. The fact that the only prize given at Olympia was an olive wreath illustrates this point. The athletes competed for honor, not for material goods.

Athletics were of prime importance to the Greeks. The education of boys concentrated on athletics and music as well as academic subjects such as philosophy. Education took place in the gymnasion and the palaistra as well as the academy.

The Religious Aspects of the Ancient Olympic Games

In ancient Greece, games were closely connected to the worship of the gods and heroes. Games were held as part of religious ceremonies in honor of deceased heroes, a concept displayed in the funeral games for Patroklos in Book 23 of Homer's epic poem, The Iliad. Games were also held in the context of many ancient fertility festivals. The games at Olympia were connected with both the funeral games of Oinomaos, established by Pelops, and a fertility cult involving any number of gods and goddesses who were worshipped at the site. The Olympic games began to be usurped by the prominent cult of Zeus, and eventually lost much of their religious character.

The Olympic Games and the Greek Calendar

The Greek calendar was based on the conception of the four-year Olympiad. When Greek historians referred to dates, they most often referred to a year (i.e., first, second, third, fourth) within the Olympiad that the event occurred. The winner of the stadium race in a given year had the Olympiad named in honor of him. The first Olympiad is therefore known as that of Koroibos of Elis, the winner of the stadium race in 776 BC.

The Sacred Truce

The sacred truce was instituted during the month of the Olympiad. Messengers known as "spondorophoroi" carried the word of the truce and announced the date of the games all over the Greek world. The truce called for a cessation of all hostilities for a period of one month (later three months) to allow for the safe travel of athletes to and from Olympia. Armies and armed individuals were barred from entering the sanctuary. In addition, no death penalties could be carried out during the period of the truce.

The Internationalization of the Olympic Games

From the beginning, the games at Olympia served as a bond between Greeks and strengthened the Greek sense of national unity. During the Hellenistic period, Greeks who came to live in foreign surroundings such as Syria, Asia, and Egypt, strove to hold on to their culture. One of the ways to achieve this was to build athletic facilities and continue their athletic traditions. They organized competitions, and sent competitors from their towns to compete in the Panhellenic games.

In the 2nd century A.D., Roman citizenship was extended to everyone within the Roman empire. From then on, the participation of many competitors from outside of Greece in the Olympic games, gave them to a degree, international nature.

When the Greek government reinstated the games in 1896, this international character of the competitions was preserved by Baron de Coubertin. Now, 16 centuries later, the Olympic games attract competitors from countries all over the world.

Modern Olympic Games

The best amateur athletes in the world match skill and endurance in a series of contests called the Olympic Games. Almost every nation sends teams of selected athletes to take part. The purposes of the Olympic Games are to foster the ideal of a "sound mind in a sound body" and to promote friendship among nations.

The modern Olympic Games are named for athletic contests held in ancient Greece for almost 12 centuries. They were banned in AD 394 but were revived and made international in 1896. The Winter Games were added in 1924. World War I and World War II forced cancellation of the Olympics in 1916, 1940, and 1944, but they resumed in 1948 and are held every four years. After 1992 the Winter and Summer Games were no longer held within the same calendar year. Winter Games were scheduled for 1994, after only a two-year interval, and every four years thereafter. The Summer Games were scheduled for 1996, and every four years thereafter.

Summer and Winter Sports

Summer sports include archery, basketball, boxing, canoeing, cycling, equestrian events (horseback riding), fencing, field hockey, gymnastics, handball, judo, rowing, shooting, soccer, swimming, tennis, track and field,

volleyball, water polo, weight lifting, wrestling, and yachting. Winter events include skating, skiing, bobsledding, luge, tobogganing, ice hockey, and the biathlon (skiing-shooting).

The ceremonial fire stems from the ancient Greece myth fable. Hands down ancient Greece god Prometheus for the humanity which rescues suffers hunger and cold, hides the truth from Zeus to steal the kindling material belt to the world. The ancient Greece before each Olympic Games are held, the people must light the ceremonial fire before the Hera temple. After the modern Olympic Games establish, when the ceremonial fire is lit that flash, this Olympic Games ceremonial fire's transmission was the announcement complete conclusion. Along with Olympic Games' conclusion, this Olympic Games ceremonial fire will also be extinguished. The first torch relay activity was Berlin Olympic Games starts from 1936

圣火起源于古希腊神话传说。相传古希腊神普罗米修斯为解救饥寒交迫的人类，瞒着宙斯偷取火种带到人间。古希腊在每届奥运会举行以前，人们都要在赫拉神庙前点燃圣火。现代奥运会创立后，当圣火被点燃的那一刹那，本届奥运会圣火的传递活动即宣告圆满结束。随着奥运会的结束，本届奥运会圣火也将被熄灭。第一次火炬接力活动是从1936年柏林奥运会开始的。