高考语文二轮复习第一部分第二章增分突破四特殊句式,特殊翻译实战演练

高考语文二轮复习第一部分第二章增分突破四特殊句式,特殊翻译实战演练
高考语文二轮复习第一部分第二章增分突破四特殊句式,特殊翻译实战演练

增分突破四特殊句式,特殊翻译

题组一语段训练

1.阅读下面的文言文,完成后面的题目。

看松庵记

[明]宋濂

龙泉多大山,其西南一百余里诸山为尤深,有四旁奋起而中洼下者,状类箕筐,人因号之为“匡山”。山多髯松,弥望入青云,新翠照人如濯。松上薜萝份份披披,横敷数十寻,嫩绿可咽。松根茯苓,其大如斗,杂以黄精、前胡及牡鞠之苗,采之可茹。

吾友章君三益乐之,新结庵庐其间。……

龙泉之人士,闻而疑之曰:“章君负济世长才,当闽寇压境,尝树旗鼓,砺戈矛,帅众而捣退之,盖有意植勋业以自见者。今乃以‘看松’名庵,若隐居者之为,将鄙世之胶扰而不之狎耶,抑以斯人为不足与,而有取于松也?”金华宋濂窃不谓然。夫植物之中,禀贞刚之气者,唯松为独多。尝昧昧思之:一气方伸,根而蕴者,荄而敛者,莫不振翘舒荣以逞妍于一时。及夫秋高气清,霜露既降,则皆黄陨而无余矣。其能凌岁寒而不易行者,非松也耶!是故昔之君子每托之以自厉,求君之志,盖亦若斯而已。君之处也,与松为伍,则嶷然有以自立;及其为时而出,刚贞自持,不为物议之所移夺,卒能立事功而泽生民,初亦未尝与松柏相悖也。或者不知,强谓君忘世,而致疑于出处间,可不可乎?

把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)章君负济世长才,当闽寇压境,尝树旗鼓,砺戈矛,帅众而捣退之,盖有意植勋业以自

见者。

译文:________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

(2)其能凌岁寒而不易行者,非松也耶!是故昔之君子每托之以自厉,求君之志,盖亦若斯

而已。

译文:________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 解析(1)注意倒装句式“盖有意植勋业以自见者”和“负”“砺”“植”等关键实词的翻译。(2)注意判断句式和“凌”“易”“厉”等关键实词的翻译。

答案(1)章三益具有救世的优异才能,当福建贼寇逼近时,他曾经树起旗帜敲响战鼓,磨砺兵器,率众击退了他们,大概是希望建立功业来显露自己。

(2)那些能够冒着每年的严寒而不改变品行的,不是松树吗!因此从前的君子常常借松树来

激励自己,推求章三益的志向,大概也是像这样的吧。

【参考译文】

龙泉地区多有大山,它西南一百多里的各山尤为深邃,有四周高耸而中间低洼的,形状像是箕筐,人们于是称它为“匡山”。山上长满髯松,满眼望去高耸直插云霄,满山新绿照耀如同洗过一样。松树上的薜荔和女萝纷乱地缠绕着,纵横铺开有几十寻,鲜嫩碧绿可以吞咽。松根和茯苓,大的像斗,夹杂着黄精、前胡和牡鞠的幼苗,采集来可以食用。

我的朋友章三益喜欢这里,在山中新盖了茅屋。……

龙泉有人听说后怀疑道:“章君身负救济世人之志和优异的才能,当闽地的盗贼逼近边境时,曾树立旗帜擂起战鼓,磨快戈矛,率领众人击退盗贼,大概是想建立功业来显露自己。现在竟然用‘看松’命名茅屋,好像是隐居者的作法,是将要远离尘世的纷乱而不接近呢?还是因为这些人不值得交往,而从松中有所获取呢?”金华宋濂私下不认为这样。植物之中,生成坚贞刚正之气的,只有松树是最多的。我曾经冒昧地思考:天地之气刚刚舒展,根中蕴藏收敛的,没有不在这一个季节奋起振作舒展开花(繁茂)来显示自己的美丽的。等到秋季晴空万里,天气清爽,霜露降下后,就都变黄陨落没有剩余的了。那些能够冒着每年的严寒而不改变品行的,不是松树吗?因此从前的君子常常借松树来激励自己,推求章三益的志向,大概也是像这样的吧。章君的处世,与松树为伍,就卓然屹立能坚持自我;等到他因为时势而出现,刚正坚贞自我克制,不因为众人的批评而转移改变,最终能建立功业恩泽百姓,当初也未曾与松柏相违背。也有人不知道,勉强说章君忘却世情,而在他的出处间提出疑问,可不可以呢?

2.阅读下面的文段,翻译文中画线的句子。

申徽字世仪,魏郡人也。孝武初,周文与语,奇之。河桥之役,大军不利,近侍之官分散者众,徽独不离左右,魏帝称叹之。十年,迁给事黄门侍郎。……出为襄州刺史。时南方初附,旧俗官人皆饷遗。徽性廉慎,乃画杨震像于寝室以自戒。及代还,人吏送者数十里不绝。徽自以无德于人,慨然怀愧,因赋诗,题于清水亭。

(选自《北史·刘转第五十七》,有删节)

(1)河桥之役,大军不利,近侍之官分散者众,徽独不离左右,魏帝称叹之。

译文:________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

(2)徽性廉慎,乃画杨震像于寝室以自戒。及代还,人吏送者数十里不绝。

译文:________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 解析(1)“近侍之官分散者”为定语后置句。(2)“画杨震像于寝室”为后置的介宾短语句,“自戒”为特殊的宾语前置句,“及代还”为无标志被动句,“人吏送者”为定语后置句。

答案(1)河桥之战,朝廷的大军出师不利,逃散的皇帝的亲近官吏很多,只有申徽不离左右,魏帝称道赞叹他。

(2)申徽性情廉洁谨慎,就在寝室画了(廉吏)杨震的像来告诫自己。等到被替代回京的时候,

送他的百姓和官吏几十里不断绝。

【参考译文】

申徽字世仪,是魏郡人。孝武初年,文帝和他交谈,认为他是个奇才。河桥之战,朝廷的大军出师不利,逃散的皇帝的亲近官吏很多,只有申徽不离左右,魏帝称道赞叹他。(大统)十年,升任给事黄门侍郎。……出京城做襄州刺史。当时南方刚刚归附,旧风俗官员都相互交往馈赠钱财。申徽性情廉洁谨慎,就在寝室画了(廉吏)杨震的像来告诫自己。等到被替代回京的时候,送他的百姓和官吏几十里不断绝。申徽自以为对百姓没有什么恩德,内心感慨感到惭愧,于是写了一首诗,题在清水亭上。

题组二综合训练

3.阅读下面的文言文,完成后面的题目。

范雎者,魏人也。事魏中大夫须贾。须贾为魏昭王使于齐,范雎从。齐襄王闻雎辩口,乃使人赐雎金十斤及牛酒。须贾大怒,以为雎持魏国阴事告齐,以告魏相魏齐。魏齐使舍人笞击雎,折胁摺齿。雎详死,即卷以箦,置厕中。宾客饮者醉,更溺雎,故僇辱。范雎得出。后魏齐悔,复召求之。魏人郑安平闻之,乃遂操范雎亡,伏匿,更姓名曰张禄。秦昭王使谒者王稽于魏,郑安平夜与张禄见王稽。王稽知范雎贤,过载范雎入秦。秦相穰候

①车骑从西来。范雎曰:“吾闻穰侯专秦权,恶内诸侯客,我宁且匿车中。”有顷,穰侯果

至,劳王稽,又曰:“谒君得无与诸侯客子俱来乎?无益,徒乱人国耳。”即别去。范雎曰:“吾闻穰侯智士也,其见事迟,乡者疑车中有人,忘索之。”于是范雎下车走。行十余里,果使骑还索车中,无客,乃已。王稽遂与范雎入咸阳。拜范雎为客卿,谋兵事。卒听范雎谋,使五大夫绾伐魏,拔怀。后二岁,拔邢丘。范雎日益亲,因请间说曰:“臣居

山东

..................................之后有..时闻秦之有穰侯不闻其有王也然则权安得不倾令安得从王出乎臣窃为王恐万世

秦国者非王子孙也。”昭王闻之大惧,于是逐穰侯于关外,拜范雎为相。秦封范雎以应,号为应侯。魏使须贾于秦。须贾辞于范雎,范雎大供具,尽请诸侯使,与坐堂上,而坐须贾于堂下,置莝②豆其前,令两黥徒夹而马食之。数曰:“为我告魏王,急持魏齐头来!不然者,我且屠大梁。”须贾归,以告魏齐。魏齐恐,亡走赵。范雎既相,入言于王曰:“非王稽之忠,莫能内臣于函谷关。今臣官至于相,王稽之官尚止于谒者,非其内臣之意也。”昭王召王稽,拜为河东守。又任郑安平,昭王以为将军。范雎于是散家财物,尽以报

所尝困戹者。一饭之德必偿,睚眦

..之怨必报。秦昭王欲为范雎必报其仇。赵孝成王卒取魏齐头予秦。后五年,昭王用应侯谋,大破赵于长平。已而与武安君白起有隙,言而杀之。任郑安平,使击赵。郑安平为赵所围,以兵二万人降赵。应侯席槀请罪。后二岁,王稽为河东守,与诸侯通,坐法诛。而应侯曰益以不怿。

(节选自《史记

..·范雎蔡泽列传》) 【注】①穰侯:战国时秦国大臣,原为楚国人,秦昭襄王之舅,宣太后异父同母的大弟,凭与昭王的特殊关系在秦独揽大权,后来四次任丞相,因食邑在穰(今河南省邓州市),号为“穰侯”。②莝:cuò,铡碎的草。

(1)下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是( )

A.臣居山东时/闻秦之有穰侯/不闻其有王也/然则权安得不倾/令安得从王出乎/臣窃为王恐/万世之后/有秦国者非王子孙也

B.臣居山东时/闻秦之有穰侯/不闻其有王也/然则权安得不倾令/安得从王出乎/臣窃为王恐/万世之后/有秦国者非王子孙也

C.臣居山东时/闻秦之有穰侯/不闻其有王也/然则权安得不倾/令安得从王出乎/臣窃为王/恐万世之后/有秦国者非王子孙也

D.臣居山东时/闻秦之有/穰侯不闻其有王也/然则权安得不倾/令安得从王出乎/臣窃为王恐/万世之后/有秦国者非王子孙也

解析本题考查的是文言文断句的能力。文言文断句的前提是对文意的领会。首先,通读文章,了解文意,依据语境断句。有时可借助标志词,如虚词、表时间地点的词语,断开比较明显的地方。

答案 A

(2)下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是( )

A.“山东”,地理区域名,最早始于战国时期,当时称崤山以东的地区为“山东”。

B.“万世”,万代,讳指国君死;讳称死,还有“崩”“薨”“卒”“不禄”等。

C.“睚眦”,发怒时瞪眼睛;像瞪一下眼睛那样极小的怨仇也要报复,形容心胸狭窄。

D.《史记》,是中国历史上第一部编年体通史,原名《太史公书》,共130篇。

解析本题考查理解和判断古代文化文学常识的能力。D项,“编年体通史”错,应为“纪传体”。

答案 D

(3)下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是( )

A.范雎忍辱负重,坚韧顽强。他不因遭受困辱而沮丧,能够激励意志以奋发。在魏国被魏相魏齐屈打几乎致死,并不因此而气馁,入秦之后命运有了转机。

B.范雎机智过人,行事谨慎。须贾告发,魏齐严刑拷打,他假死逃过一劫;去秦国的路上,秦相穰侯有所怀疑,他藏起来,后来又下车步行,又逃过一劫。

C.范雎能言善辩,谋深虑远。因此信威于强秦,在国内打击外戚势力加强王室集权,在国外拓疆开土,为秦国成就帝业奠定了基础,在历史上有一定功绩。

D.范雎睚眦必报,任人唯亲。先后逐穰侯,辱须贾,迫魏齐;在白起因与秦王有隔阂而被杀的情况下,荐郑安平任大将,后又荐王稽任河东守,造成恶果。

解析本题考查对文章内容的把握。能力层级为分析综合C。根据阅读和理解文章可知,白起不是因与秦王有隔阂而被杀的,而是因与范雎有隔阂、范雎向秦王进言而被杀,故选D。

答案 D

(4)把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

①有顷,穰侯果至,劳王稽,又曰:“谒君得无与诸侯客子俱来乎?无益,徒乱人国耳。”译文:________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ②尽请诸侯使,与坐堂上,而坐须贾于堂下,置莝豆其前,令两黥徒夹而马食之。

译文:________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 解析本题考查文言文翻译。第①题,“有倾”,一会儿,不久;“劳”,慰劳,慰问;“得无”,莫不是,该不会,恐怕;“徒”,只。第②题,省略“与”的宾语“之”;“坐”,使动;“置莝豆其前”,省略介词“于”,“马”,名词作状语,像马一样。

答案①一会儿(过了一会儿,不久),穰侯果然来到,慰问王稽,又对王稽说:“您该不

会和诸侯的说客一起来吧?这些人没有用处,只扰乱(别人的)国家罢了!

②把诸侯国的使臣全都请来(把诸侯国所有来使请来),与他们坐在堂上,让须贾坐在堂下,

在他面前放了草豆(草豆掺拌的饲料”),命令两个黥徒(受过墨刑的犯人)在两旁夹着,让他像马一样来吃。

【参考译文】

范雎,是魏国人。侍奉魏国的中大夫须贾。须贾为魏昭王出使齐国,范雎跟从前去。齐襄王听说范雎能言善辩,就派人给范雎送去了十斤黄金以及牛肉美酒之类的礼物。须贾大怒,以为范雎把魏国的机密出卖给齐国,把这件事情告诉了魏相国魏齐。魏齐叫门人鞭打范雎,打断了他的肋骨,打落了他的牙齿。范雎装死,门人就用草席包住他,丢在厕所里。当时,魏齐正在宴客,宾客们喝醉了酒,轮番在他身上撒尿,故意侮辱他。范雎最后得以逃出来。后来魏齐后悔了,又派人要把他找回来。郑安平得知此消息,就带了范雎一起逃走,躲藏起来,把他的姓名改为张禄。秦昭王派遣使者王稽到魏国。郑安平就在夜里带着张禄来拜见王稽。王稽知道范雎是位贤才,载着范雎进入秦国。秦国之相穰侯车马从西边来。范雎说:“我听说穰侯独揽秦国大权,他讨厌接纳诸侯的说客,我不如暂时躲在车子里。”一会儿,穰侯果然来到,慰问王稽,又对王稽说:“您该不会和诸侯的说客一起来吧?这些人没有用处,只扰乱国家罢了!”随即告别离开。范雎说:“我听说穰侯是个智谋之士,他看出您有所迟疑,刚才怀疑车中有人,却忘记了搜查一下。”于是范雎就跳下车来奔走。走了十多里,穰侯果然派骑兵回来搜查车子,没发现有说客,才作罢。王稽于是与范雎进了咸阳。昭王任命范雎为客卿,谋划军事。最后听从了范雎的谋略,派五大夫绾带兵攻打魏国,拿下了怀邑。两年后,又夺取了邢丘。范雎一天比一天更加被秦王亲近,于是趁昭王在闲暇方便之时进言说:“我在山东时,听说秦国有穰侯,没听说秦国有秦王。既然这样那么大权怎能不倾覆,政令怎能由大王发出呢?我暗自替您担忧,您去世以后,拥有秦国的怕不是您的子孙了。”昭王听了这番话,大感惊惧,于是把穰侯驱逐出关外,任命范雎为相国。秦昭王把应城封给范雎,封号称应侯。魏王派须贾出使秦国。须贾去向范雎辞行,范雎便大摆宴席,把诸侯国的使臣全都请来,与他们坐在堂上,让须贾坐在堂下,在他面前放了草豆掺拌的饲料,命令两个受过墨刑的犯人在两旁夹着,让他像马一样来吃。范雎责令他道:“给我告诉魏王,赶快把魏齐的脑袋送来!不然的话,我就要血洗大梁(魏都城)。”须贾回到魏国,把情况告诉了魏齐。魏齐十分害怕,逃到了赵国。范雎做了秦相国之后,进宫告诉昭王说:“如果没有王稽的忠诚,就不能把我带进函谷关来。现在我的官位已至相国,但是王稽的官位还只是个谒者,这不是他带我来秦国的本意啊。”于是昭王召见王稽,封他做河东太守。范雎又举荐郑安平,昭王便任命郑

安平为将军。范雎于是散发家里的财物,用来报答所有那些曾经帮助过他而处境困苦的人。凡是给过他一顿饭吃的小恩小惠他也必定报答,而瞪过他一眼的小怨小仇他也是必定报复的。秦昭王一定要替范雎报此仇,赵王最终取下魏齐的头颅送到秦国。五年后,昭王采取应侯的策略,在长平城大败赵军。不久,范雎和武安君白起有了隔阂,就在昭王面前进谗言,杀了白起。又保荐郑安平,让他率领军队攻打赵国。郑安平被赵军包围,他带领二万人投了赵国。对此应侯跪在草垫上请求惩处治罪。二年后,王稽做河东太守,却与诸侯勾结,犯法被处死。为此,应侯一天比一天不愉快。

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英语高考常用句型翻译 Document number:WTWYT-WYWY-BTGTT-YTTYU-2018GT

?高中英语常用50句句型翻译 1、你没有必要提前预定音乐会的票(need n.) There is no need for you to book the ticket for the concert in advance. 2、在专家面前班门弄斧是没有好处的(good n. show) It is no good showing off in the presence of so many experts. 3、如果你不能集中精神学习,熬夜是没有用的(use) It is no use staying up late if you can’t focus your attention on your study. 4、抱怨交通状况是浪费时间(waste) It’s a waste of time making complaints about the transportation system. 5、我觉得你有必要在应聘之前接受一些训练(it) I find it necessary for you to have some training before you apply for a new job. 6、我突然想起来我忘记提醒班长集合的时间了(occur) It suddenly occurred to me that i forgot to remind the monitor of the gathering time. 7、似乎John对於赢得胜利没有什麽信心,你最好对他说些鼓励的话 It seems that John is not very’d better say a few encouraging words to him. 8、第一眼见到她,我就忍不住爱上她了(the first time) The first time i saw her, i couldn’t help falling in love with her. 9、你在阅读上花时间越多,取得进步越大 The more time you spend in reading, the more rapid progress you will make. 10、他获得成功的原因是他从不丧失信心,从不半途而废(halfway) The reason why he achieved success was that he never lost heart and gave up halfway. 11、重要的不是你说些什麽而是你如何演讲(matter) What matters is not what’s in your speech but how you deliver your speech. 12、再努力一下,你就能成功(effort) Make another effort, and you’ll succeed. 13、尽管教学经验不足,他总是全力以赴的满足学生的需求(spare)

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1.这部以真人真事为原型的电影很感人。(base) 2.众所周知,知识始于实践。(begin) 3.一直要想方设法讨好老板,真让我厌烦。(bore) 4.这个获胜者冈她的画而获得了一等奖。(award) 5.做志愿者的经历让我受益匪浅。(benefit) 6.无论你到何处,都要牢记在心:人国问禁,人乡随俗。(bear) 7.一些减肥广告已经在电视上停播了。(ban) 8.人们普遍认为吸烟有害健康。(It..) 9.显而易见,这个国家的人每时每刻都可喝到新鲜牛奶。(available) 10.昨天发生的事怪不得孩子们。(blame) 11.由于大雾,从上海飞往北京的航班延误了近两小时。(because of) 12.正要付钱的时候,我的信用卡不见了。(when) 13.那本蓝封面的词典不是我的。(belong) 14.我想你不是很清楚这对我有多重要。(aware) 15.这部历史小说引人人胜,我简直爱不释手。(bear) . 16.他从图书馆借了一些参考书而不是侦探小说。(borrow) 17.过了许多年这一秘密才被泄露出来。(before) 18.我尽量避免遇到他,冈为他总是使我厌烦。(avoid) 19.你最好不要玩火,会伤到自己的。(or) 20.每一种药物都有副作用,对健康可能造成损害。(bad)

21.听到那一激动人心的消息,我情不自禁地大哭起来。(burst) 22.做幼儿同老师需要极大的耐心。(call) 23.恐怕他们遇到交通堵塞了。(catch) 24.作为班上的尖子学生.她有能力解答这些数学题。(capable) 25.现在年轻人所缺乏的,不是书本知识,而是实践经验。(not..but) 26.父母双方必须对养育子女承担同等的责任。(bring) 27.她的计划听上去很好,可是我们实施起来将困难重重。(carry) 28.上周因为生病我缺了一些课,但是我会努力赶上大家的。(catch) 29.如果您方便的话,今晚我想去您府上拜访。(call) 30.这位作家专心致志于写作,以致忘了自己重病在身。(bury) 31.她不在乎报酬,对她来说重要的是她的实验。(care) 32.我会待在宾馆.以防有电话。(in case) 33.警方正在竭尽全力查明火灾的导凶。(cause) 34.他不仅意识到了自己的弱点,而且想克服它。(not only.but also) 35.救援队在地震发生后不久就设法赶到了那里。(break) 36.为了承担得起出国的费用,你无论怎样节俭都是不过分的。(cannot.too) 37.在空调房间待太久会使人生病。(cause) 38.小心点.别从车上摔下来。你才刚学会骑车。(careful) 39.除了等待进一步通知,我们别无他法。(but) 40.不要打扰James,他正忙于学校音乐会的操练。(busy)

英语高考常用句型翻译

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句子翻译: I. 使用同位语来翻译句子。 1. 钟南山,出生于广州,是中国最伟大的医生之一。 Zhong Nanshan, one of the greatest doctors in China, was born in Guangzhou. 2. 我爱我的家乡,我出生和生长的地方. I love my hometown, a place where I was born and grow up. 3. 中国,一个拥有13亿人口和960万平方公里的国家,巍然屹立在世界的东方。 China, a country with a population of 1.3billion and an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, stands firmly in the east of the world. 4. 节目主持人是大山,加拿大人,有丰富的汉语学习经验。 The host of the programme is Dashan, a Canadian with rich experience in learning Chinese. 或:Dashan, a Canadian who has rich experience in learning Chinese is the host of the programme. 5. 为迎接六月五日“世界环境日”,学校学生会准备举行一次以环保为主题的英语演讲比赛。On June 5th,The World Environment Day, the students’ Union is going to hold an English speaking competition about environmental protection. II. 使用ing分词来翻译句子。 1. “鸟巢”,位于北京北部,它的建筑面积为5.8平方米,可容纳9万多名观众。(lying/ standing) Located / Lying / Standing in the north of Beijing , the Bird’s Nest covers an area of 58,000 square meters so that it can seat/ admit about 90,000 spectators. 2. 中间有一个广场,老人们经常在一棵大树下一起喝茶聊天,每个人看上去都很满足和幸福。(looking) In the middle/ At the center is a square and a big tree, under which the old often talk and drink tea, looking happy and satisfied. 3. 那些喜欢它的人说课文有趣,话题新颖; 文化知识丰富。(covering) Those who like it say the texts are interesting, covering many hot topics and providing lots of cultural knowledge of the world. 4. 然而,那些不喜欢它的人抱怨道,生词多,句子复杂,影响理解。(making / which makes) However, those who dislike it complain that there are too many new words and difficult sentences, making / which makes the texts difficult to understand. 5. 随着家庭收入的增加,越来越多的人们能买起个人电脑,空调和数码相机等等。(with)With the family income raised, more and more people can afford to buy personal computers, air-conditioners,digital cameras and so on. 6. 随着中国经济的发展,越来越多的轿车将进入普通家庭。(with) With the development of the Chinese economy, more and more cars will enter/ go into ordinary families. III. 根据提示翻译以下句子。 1. 对比型的句子 (1)调查显示,超过一半的男生选择经理作为他们未来的职业,然而,只有30℅的女生选择它。(while) The survey shows that more than half of the boys chose “manager” as their future job, while only

(英语)高考英语翻译专题训练答案

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