高中英语基础知识归纳(精品英语资料)

高中英语基础知识归纳

一、规则名词复数：

1、一般情况+s brothers ； schools

2、以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词+es buses; watches; dishes

3、以辅音＋y结尾的词，去y加+ies ladies; countries，stories; families; babies

4、部分以f或fe结尾的词, 把变f为v再加es：life; wife; knife; half; leaf; Wolf; thief; shelf; self. (直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief) 特殊：A、以o 结尾的词+es heroes; negroes; potatoes ；tomatoes；foxes；

B、child --children, foot --feet, tooth --teeth, goose --geese；

mouse –mice ；phenomenon —phenomena；basis-bases;

medium-media ；ox –oxen；

C、单复数同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, Chinese, Japanese,

Swiss（瑞士人）；

二、形容词变副词

1.直接+ly. (carelessly, differently, fortunately )

2、以辅音+y结尾的，去y 为i+ly ( happily，easily，healthily（特殊：dryly，shyly）)

3.以—le 结尾的形容词去e + ly (terrible —terribly，possible—possibly ，

comfortable—comfortably，gentle—gently ，simple—simply，reasonable—reasonably ，probable—probably)（特殊：true—truly，whole—wholly，full—fully，dull—dully ）

4. 以ic结尾的+ally，energetic—energetically，automatic—automatically ，scientific—scientifically ，economic—economically，basic—basically 特殊：public—publicly （例外）

注意:以ly结尾的形容词：friendly ，lovely，lively，monthly \weekly \yearly，lonely deadly ，daily ，silly

三、比较级、最高级

1.直接在词尾加er和est 如:tall ,small ,clean ,short ，quick， cheap ，long…

2.以e结尾的单词在词尾加r和st如: fine ,nice, free ,blue , safe, large wide…

3.辅音字母加y的单词改y为i加er和est 如: happy ,easy, pretty, heavy, funny , healthy early…

4.重读闭音节单词双写最后一个字母加er和est 如:big ,red ,thin ,slim ,wet ,hot, fat ,sad，glad…

5.多音节单词和★部分双音节、少数单音节单词在词前加more和most. （dangerous ,interesting ,expensive , important, popular, friendly ,polite, tired…）

6.特殊形式:

1).good--better –best 2).well—better—best 3).bad/badly—worse—worst 4).ill—worse—worst 5)many—more—most 6).much—more—most 7).little—less—least 8).old—older—oldest 9).old—elder—eldest 10).far—farther—farthest（具体） 11).far—further—furthest(抽象意义)

★注意：much, still ,a little, even，far, a bit, a great deal…后常用形容词或副词的比较级

四、动词v-ing

1．动词后直接+ing：climb—climbing，stand—standing，fight—fighting 2．不发音的-e结尾，一般应去掉e再加ing：

write—writing，hope—hoping，care—caring，stare—staring，have—having，save—saving，produce—producing，breathe—breathing 3.以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉，将i变成y然后再加-ing：

die—dying，tie—tying，vie—vying，lie—lying

4、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写最后一个字母加ing （run,swim,shop,get,stop,sit,put,run,set,hit,let,cut,begin,forget,win,spit, chat,ban,beg,grag,drop,equip,plan,prefer,permit,refer,regret,stop, control, rid slip, nod ）

五、动词过去式和过去分词

1.一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked

2.以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced

3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied

4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或

r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母)，先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed，(prefer, beg, drop, plan, rob, regret )如stop—stopped, permit—permitted, control—controlled, travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。

Test (名词单变复)

lady __________ country__________ foot __________ leaf __________ potato__________ tooth__________ hero __________ child__________

mouse__________ goose __________

(形容词-副词):

different__________ happy __________ possible __________

fortunate __________ true __________ reasonable __________ Whole

__________

形容词比较级和最高级

safe ____________________; happy____________________

cheap ____________________; dangerous____________________;

friendly____________________;little____________________

bad ____________________;far____________________

thin____________________;slim____________________

ving –ved

fight ____________________ ___________;write____________________ ___________

drive____________________ ___________;try ____________________ ___________

get____________________ ___________;permit ____________________ ___________study ____________________ ___________;see

____________________ ___________