高考英语名词知识点真题汇编附答案(2)

高考英语名词知识点真题汇编附答案(2)
高考英语名词知识点真题汇编附答案(2)

高考英语名词知识点真题汇编附答案(2)

一、选择题

1.President Donald Trump's first state dinner excluded Democratic members of Congress and the media, which was criticized by many as a(n) _________ from tradition.

A.departure B.benefit C.escape D.lesson 2.Determination is the most important of all the ____________ because without determination, you will end up doing nothing.

A.tactics B.virtues C.emotions

3.Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A.command B.control C.charge D.possession 4.Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____, causing a big ____ in population.

A.has been raised; rise B.has been risen; raise

C.has raised; rise D.has raised; rose

5.Space exploration provides a ______ of national pride.

A.reason B.portrait C.statue D.symbol

6.The two neighbouring countries reached a(an) ______ on their boundary problem eventually.

A.Accumulation.B.compensation C.accommodation D.ambition

7.To those of you who received honors, awards, and ____, I say, well done. And to the average students, I say, you, too, can be President of the United States.

A.distinctions B.contributions C.solutions D.attractions 8.Mr. Li Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world. And, he regards himself as the ________ of the times.

A.instructor B.expert C.favorite D.admirer 9.—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?

—Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.

A.strength B.talent

C.ability D.skill

10.Our natural ________ are limited. This means that they will not________forever. A.energies; occur B.materials ; erupt

C.resources ; last D.sources; bury

11.Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A.expedition B.transformation C.link D.release

12.The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the

latest_______ in Shanghai in August.

A.exploration B.exclusion C.expansion D.explosion 13.He gained ______ to this university

A.permission B.accommodation C.scholarship D.admission 14.People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China.

A.quantity B.quality C.activity D.reality

15.Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their____________ to push the boundaries of human achievement.

A.intelligence B.influences C.impression D.attempts

16.The good news that he got a_________to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family. A.prospect B.promotion C.priority D.privilege

17.In the________of further evidence,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term. A.presence B.charge C.control D.absence

18.I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any________to me. A.meaning B.importance C.sense D.significance

19.It is a great____________ for our country to hold the 2022 Winter Olympic.

A.signal B.function C.honor D.agreement 20.They are building the dam in _____ with another firm.

A.comparison B.association C.touch D.tune

21.On _________ that all go smoothly, we can realize our annual goals as expected. A.situation B.case C.condition D.environment 22.A U.S. company has developed facial _______ software that can help police. A.recognition B.recommendation C.representation D.reality

23.The expert says the farm helps reduce Beijing’s __________ on dirty energy that creates the capital’s heavy smog.

A.convenience B.confidence C.reliance D.importance 24.—Any ________ to how long I can keep the book?

—Yes. You must return it by next Tuesday.

A.limit B.time C.number D.length

25.He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us.

A.attempt B.programme C.intention D.dream

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除

一、选择题

1.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意:唐纳德·特朗普总统的第一次国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体,许多人批评这是对传统的背离。A. departure背离,违反;B. benefit益处;C. escape逃跑,逃避;D. lesson课,教训。分析句子可知,此处表示的意思是“国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体是对传统的背离”,故选A。

2.B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:决心是所有品行中最重要的,因为没有决心,你将一事无成。

A. tactics策略;

B. virtues美德,品行;

C. emotions情绪。根据常识可知,决定是一种品行,故选B。

3.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义和短语辨析。句意:没有许可证而拥有武器的人被认为违法。A. command命令;B. control 控制;C. charge负责;D. possession拥有。根据句意可知,此处固定短语in possession of“拥有”符合语境。故选D。

4.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态和名词。句意:自从1949年以来,人民的生活水平提高了,导致了人口的大幅增长。根据句子中的Since 1949可知,此处应用现在完成时,raise是及物动词有被动,故C、D项错误;rise为不及物动词无被动,故B项错误,根据句子可知,raise与people’s living standard之间是被动关系,故填has been raised;第二空由a big可知,用名词,rise当名词讲意为“增长;上升”。故选A。

5.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:太空探索是民族自豪感的象征。A. reason原因,理由;B. portrait 肖像;C. statue地位;D. symbol符号,象征。根据句意,太空探索是充满民族自豪感的。选项D切题,故选D。

6.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:两个邻国最终在边界问题上达成了和解。A. Accumulation.积累;B. compensation补偿;C. accommodation调节,和解;D. ambition野心。根据句意可知,此处是指达成和解。故选C。

7.A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:对于你们那些已经收到荣誉、奖励和勋章的人,我要说,做得好。对于一般的学生,我要对你们说,你也可以成为美国的总统。A. distinctions勋章;B. contributions贡献;C. solutions解决方案;D. attractions吸引。根据honors, awards可知此处用“勋章”符合语境,故选A项。

8.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:李嘉诚先生被认为是世界上最成功的商人之一。他认为自己是时代的宠儿。A. instructor指导者;B. expert专家;C. favorite受喜爱的人;D. admirer爱慕者。根据上文Mr. Li Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world.可知李嘉诚先生认为自己是时代的宠儿(favorite)。故选C。

9.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作?——你知道,英语是我的优势。所以这是我最好的选择。A. strength优势,优点;B. talent才能;C. ability能力;

D. skill技能。由前文work in an international travel agency可知,英语是我的优势。故选A。

10.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词和动词辨析。句意:我们的自然资源是有限的,这意味着它们不能永远持续。A. energies; 精力;occur 发生;B. materials ; 材料;erupt 爆发;C. resources ; 资源;last 持续; D. sources;资源; bury埋葬。有限的是自然资源,有限当然不能持续使用。故选C。11.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:从监狱释放差不多一年以后,他仍然睡不好。A. expedition远征;B. transformation改变;C. link连接;D. release释放。根据from prison, he was

still unable to sleep properly意可知,此处用“释放”符合句意,故选D项。12.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10个城市投入运营,最新的一次扩展是今年8月在上海。A. exploration探索,勘探;B. exclusion排外;C. expansion扩大,扩展;D. explosion爆炸。根据句意及选项,此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。

13.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:他被这所大学录取。A. permission允许;B. accommodation膳食,住宿;C. scholarship奖学金;D. admission进入许可录用。短语gain admission to“获准入学,获准进入”。故选D项。

14.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:改革开放政策实施以来,中国人民的生活质量有了很大的提高。A. quantity数量;B. quality质量;C. activity活动;D. reality现实。根据后文of life has greatly improved可知是指生活质量有了很大提高,应用quality。故选B。

15.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意:奥运健儿们努力突破人类成就的极限,为全世界人民带来了欢乐。A. intelligence智力,理解力;B. influences影响;C. impression印象,效果;D. attempts企图,试图。结合句意可知D项符合语境。

16.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:他晋升为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。A. prospect前途;B. promotion升职,晋升;C. priority优先权;D. privilege特权。结合后文to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family.可知此处指晋升(promotion)为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。get a promotion“得到晋升”。故选B。

17.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏更一步的证据,警察不能在短时间内解决这桩谋杀案。A. presence在场;B. charge管理;C. control控制;D. absence缺席。根据,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term.可知,此处考查固定短语in the absence of“缺乏”,故选D项。

18.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个材料我已经读了好几遍了,但对我来说毫无意义。A. meaning意思;B. importance重要性;C. sense意义;D. significance重要性。根据语境可知,此处是短语make sense“有意义,讲得通”的否定变化。故选C。

19.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:对于我们国家来说,举办2022年冬奥会是一个巨大的荣誉。A. signal信号;B. function功能;C. honor荣誉,荣耀;D. agreement协议,同意。有机会举

办冬奥会对于所有国家来说都是一个荣耀。故选C项。

20.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们正在与另一家公司联合修建大坝。A. (in) comparison (with)与…比较; B. (in) association (with)与…联合; C. (in) touch (with)同…有联系; D. (in)tune (with)与…一致。根据句意可知,in association with意为“与…联合,协作”,故选B。

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果一切顺利,我们就能按预期实现我们的年度目标。A. situation形势;B. case情况;C. condition状况;D. environment环境。on condition that是固定搭配,意为“如果……、在……条件下”,分析句意可知,我们实现我们的年度目标的条件是一切顺利,故此题选C。

22.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:一家美国公司开发了可以帮助警察的面部识别软件。A. recognition认出;识别;B. recommendation建议;劝告;推荐;C. representation代表;描绘;D. reality现实。根据后文“that can help police”可知,该软件可以帮助到警察(缉拿罪犯),可推知,该软件可以进行面部识别,“facial recognition software”可意为“面部识别软件”,符合句意表达。故选A项。

23.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:专家说,这个农场有助于减少北京对污染能源的依赖,而污染能源造成了首都的严重雾霾. A. convenience 方便;B. confidence 自信;C. reliance 依靠,依赖;D. importance 重要性。分析句子,reliance on 译为“对……的依赖,信赖”,是固定短语。此处表示北京对污染能源的依赖。C项符合句意。故选C项。

24.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:——我能借多长时间有限制吗?——是的。你必须在下星期二之前归还。A. limit限制;B. time时间;C. number 数字;D. length长度。结合后文的回答“You must return it by next Tuesday.”可知询问的是借书的时间有没有“限制(limit)”。故选A。

25.A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:他一直在传播虚假故事试图诽谤我们。A. attempt企图,试图;

B. programme节目,项目;

C. intention意图,目的;

D. dream梦想。根据句意可知,此处考查固定短语in an attempt to do sth.“试图/企图做某事”,故选A项。

历年高考英语真题汇编_时态语态2.

课题 :动词的时态语态 2011年高考真题 1. Planning so far ahead _____ no sense— so many things will have changed by next year. (全国 I. A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made 2. I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he ______ polite. (全国卷 I A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be 3. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _____ there. (全国卷 I A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain 4. Experiments of this kind _____in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 5. Tom __________ in the library every night over the last three months. (北京卷 A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working 6. - Bob has gone to California. - Oh, can you tell me when he _________?(北京卷 A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leaving 7. ----That must have been a long trip. ---Yeah, it __________ us a whole week to get there. A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking 8. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later. (上海卷 A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued 9. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition? (上海卷

2015高考英语真题分类汇编

专题一冠词、名词和主谓一致 1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall. A.balance B .chance C .memory D .place 【答案】A 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose 搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall(重重地摔了一跤)”,不禁会产生疑问:怎么会摔了一跤呢?然后根据搭配l ose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。 2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. A.emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:句意:他执行一项秘密任务时,给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”;B项“才能”;C项“身份”;D项“财富”。故选C项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task(秘密任务)”和“gave himself a new name(给自己取了个新名字)”,然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity(掩藏身份)”,从而锁定正确答案。 3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know. A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:句意:现在没必要告诉我答案,你再思考一下,之后告诉我。A思考;B支持;C保护;D 权威,当局。这里指让对方再好好想想,故选A。 【考点定位】考查名词辨析 【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析。该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量,四个词的意思分别是“思考”;“支持”;“保护”和“权威”;其次,做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。根据第一句和“and then let me know”可知,现在不急着告诉“我”答案,由此可知是让对方再想想。 4.【2015·江苏】3 5.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave. —I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ . A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:句意:—Dave,去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做,但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”;B项“借口”;C项“道歉”;D项“遗憾,后悔”。故选C项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在情景交际中辨析名词词义的能力。语境较为简单,考生只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”就可以锁定正确答案。因此,考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练,加强对词汇的语境理解,可以达到事半功倍的效果。 5.【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform. A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:句意:为了与国家的足球改革相适应,一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断,决断”;B项“调整”;C项“评价,评论”;D项“成就”。故选B项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make 搭配。因此,考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对……做出评价/评论”,缩小正确答案的范围。

高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1)

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注意:1.fish的“数” ?

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