虚拟语气(学案)
虚拟语气学案
虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。
一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法
常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：
Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！
God bless you. 上帝保佑你。
be happy! 快乐！
have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed! 成功！
make progress! 进步！
二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：
1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法
(1). If I ______(be) you, I___________( study) hard.
(2)..If the doctor ____________(come) last night, the boy ______________(save)
(3). If I ________________( not study) hard, I would have failed in the exam last
term.
(4). If you___________(miss ) the film tonight, you _____________(feel) sorry. 2．条件从句中省去if 的情况
在if 引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，常可以省略if ，将had, were 或should 提至句首。如：(1) If I had seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
_______ ______ ______ the film, I would have discussed it with them last ninght.
(2) If I were I a bird, I could fly freely.
________ ________ a bird, I could fly freely.
(3) If It should rain next week, the farmers would have a good harvest.
________ ________ _______next week, the farmers would have a good harvest.
三、动词wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
May you 祝你
(1). I wish they _________(be) at home this time. (2). I wish I _________(have) a beautiful car..
(3). I wish I________________( not hurt )him so much 。
(4). I wish I _____________(see) her last night.
(5). I wish he ______________(have) a bright future.
1．3. 用wish 表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为：
宾语从句的谓语为would+动词原形, 有时也用could/might+动词原形。
例：
I wish I would be able to come tomorrow.
四、as if (though)的虚拟
例如：
1. She always talks to me as if she________ (be) my sister.
2. He walks slowly as if he _______________(hurt) his leg.
3. She talks about it again and again as though she would never end.
五、Would rather 的虚拟语气
1. would rather +主语+动词过去式 表示对现在和将来情况的虚拟
2. would rather +主语+had done 表示对过去情况的虚拟
? I would rather we _____________( not see) a film this evening.
? I’d rather you _________________(return) the book yesterday.
六、It is (high/about) time that...
在该句子中我们使用两种形式的虚拟结构即：动词过去式或 should +动词原形，如果用后者则should 通常不省略。
? It is time that we went home.
? It is time that the boy should go to school.
七、If only…的虚拟结构 1. 对现在进行虚拟 动词过去式 / were
2. 对将来进行虚拟 would / could / might +动词原形
3. 对过去进行虚拟 had +过去分词
Would + have +过去分词 If only+句子
1. 对现在进行虚拟
动词的过去式 / were
2. 对将来进行虚拟
would +动词原形
3. 对过去进行虚拟
had +过去分词
1. 对现在进行虚拟 动词过去式 / were
2. 对将来进行虚拟 would +动词原形
3. 对过去进行虚拟 had +过去分词 主句+as if+主语+
(as though)
例如：
?If only he were here!
?If only I had not been ill last week!
?If only I had more money!
?If only it would rain tomorrow!
八、坚持、决定、要求、命令等词的虚拟形式（即坚、决、要、命形虚拟）
?insist, suggest, advise, recommend,
?decide,
?ask, demand, require, urge
?order, command
在以上这些动词后的宾语从句中应该使用should+动词原形的结构进行虚拟，should可以省略。
?She suggested we (should) leave early.
?The teacher insisted that the students (should) have a test.
?She decided that she (should) not go.
?The teacher commanded that he (should) leave the classroom.
注意以下这些形式：
?the suggestion/proposal/order/advice that…(should)do
?This suggestion is that…(should)do
?It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required that…(should)do
?It is necessary/important/natural/strange/amazing/surprising that…(should) do 请辨析：
?The white look on his face suggested that he ________(be) ill.
?The teacher suggested that he ________(start) to practice listening.
?The teacher suggested __________-(start) to practice listening.
?He insisted that he ____________(not see) the wallet.
?He insisted that he___________(not stay) here.
九、suppose; but for; otherwise; without等词也可以表示虚拟语气。
?The government issued a new policy to help the jobless, otherwise they would have suffered.
?Without the help of tens of thousands of PLA soldiers, many areas would not have been saved from flooding in 1998.
十：情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
“情态动词＋完成式” 用于虚拟语气中多过去未能实现的愿望
?________________________ 本应当做…
?________________________ 本来不应当做…
?________________________ 本来可以做…
?________________________ 本来能够做…
?_________________________ 本来没必要做…
1.本来你是可以给他一些帮助的,不管你有多忙.
________________________________ however busy you were.
2. 还有20分种, 她本来没有必要着急的.
There was plenty of time．__________________________.
3.这孩子花太多的钱买一些没用的东西. 他父母本来不该给他这么多的钱.
The boy spends too much money buying some useless things. His parents _________________________________________.
比较：“情态动词+ 完成式”还可以用来表示推测
?________________________ 想必已经…
?________________________ 也许已经…
?________________________ 可能已经……
?__________________________________不可能/可能没做过…
Multiple choices
1.You__________ yesterday if you were really serious about your work.
A. ought to come
B. ought to be coming
C. ought to have come
D. ought have come
2.You ______all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them
If you had asked a shop assistant.
A. didn’t need to carry
B. needn’t have carried
C. needn’t carry
D. didn’t need carry
3. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
--You________ her last week. (2004福建)
A. ought to tell
B. would have told
C. must tell
D. should have told
4. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山东)
A. could
B. would
C. must
D. need
5. You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.
A. must
B. may
C. will
D. might
6. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)
A. needn’t do
B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do
D. shouldn’t have done
7. --Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.(2005湖北)
A. shouldn’t
B. mustn’t
C. can’t
D. wouldn’t
8. He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)
A. should
B. must
C. wouldn’t
D. can’t
9. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your
lecture.(2000上海)
A. couldn’t have attended
B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shouldn’t have attended