人教版八年级下册《诗词曲五首》教

人教版八年级下册《诗词曲五首》教
人教版八年级下册《诗词曲五首》教

学习目标:

1.理解诗歌的思想内容,体会作者的思想情感,品味诗歌的意境和哲理。

2.感受我国古代诗歌的魅力,增强爱国主义情感。

3.背诵并默写五首诗。

学习重点:1、领会诗意,体味诗情,并积累名句。

学习难点:1、反复朗读,把握含蓄蕴藉的诗意;借助想象,感悟意境。

2、深刻体味作品所蕴含的情思,理解诗人的胸襟抱负。

学习过程:

一、自主学习

(一)基础达标

1.作者介绍

(1)《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》作者________,字_________,有

“_________”之称,是中唐杰出的政治家、哲学家、诗人和散文家。我们曾学过他的古文_______。

(2)《赤壁》作者_________,字________,______朝诗人,他与李商隐被称为“______”。

(3)《过零丁洋》作者_________,号________,______朝______家、诗人。

(4)苏轼,字_______,号“__________”,世人称其为“苏东坡”。____(朝代)著名文学家、书画家、词人、诗人,美食家,和他的父亲________,弟

_______同列“唐宋八大家”之中。______派词人代表。其诗,词,赋,散文,均成就极高,且善书法和绘画,是中国文学艺术史上罕见的全才,也是中国数千年历史上被公认文学艺术造诣最杰出的大家之一。其散文与欧阳修并称欧苏;

诗与黄庭坚并称苏黄;词与辛弃疾并称苏辛;书法名列“苏、黄、米、蔡”北宋四大书法家之一;其画则开创了湖州画派。

(5)张养浩(1269~9年),字_______,号______,___代著名散曲家,(“山坡羊”是______)兼长诗文。初为山东东平学正,后任堂邑县尹、监察御史、礼部侍郎、礼部尚书、中书省参政等职。直言敢谏,曾因上书议论时政遭贬黜。至治元年(13年)弃官还乡,以词曲诗文自适,朝廷数召而不就。天历二年(9年),关中大旱,饥民相食,应召任陕西行台中丞,致力救灾,劳瘁而死。

2.文体、背景介绍

xx简介

词,是我国古代诗歌的一种。它始于梁代,形成于唐代而极盛于宋代。

词,大体上可分类为婉约派和豪放派。婉约派作品语言清丽典雅,感情婉转缠绵,代表词人如柳永、李清照等;豪放派作品气势豪放,意境雄浑,代表词人苏轼、辛弃疾。

词大致可分小令(5字以内)、中调(59一9字)和长调(91字以上,最长的词达24字)。

一首词,有的只一段,称为单调;有的分两段,称双调;有的分三段或四段,称三叠或四叠。

词有词牌。词发展到后来逐渐和音乐分离,而成为一种独立的文体。

元曲介绍

元曲有杂剧、散曲之分,是元代文学主体。不过,元杂剧的成就和影响远远超过散曲,因此也有人以“元曲”单指杂剧,元曲也即“元代戏曲”。

背景介绍

(1)《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》这是古代酬赠诗中的名篇。唐敬宗宝历二年,诗人罢和州刺史,回归洛阳,途经扬州,与罢苏州刺史的白居易相会。

在酒席上,白居易吟诗《醉赠刘二十八使君》相赠。在诗中,白居易对刘禹锡被贬谪的遭遇,表示了同情和不平。于是刘禹锡写了此诗回赠白居易。

(2)《赤壁》是诗人任黄州刺史时所作。赤壁是东汉末年周瑜大败曹操的地方,在今湖北赤壁市长江南岸。但杜牧所咏之赤壁并非此处,而是湖北黄冈的赤鼻矶,所以说杜牧此诗虽为咏史诗,其实也是借题发挥。

(3)《过零丁洋》是文天祥《指南录》中的一篇,为其代表作之一,约作于祥兴二年(1279年)--被元军俘获的第二年正月过零丁洋时。元军都元帅张弘范攻打崖山,逼迫文天祥招降坚守崖山的宋军统帅张世杰。于是,文天祥写了这首诗,以此诗明志节。

(4)《水调歌头》是咏中秋最著名的作品之一,此词作于作者在密州太守任上,政治失意,妻子亡故,与弟苏辙也已七年不见。中秋对月,心情抑郁惆怅。时值中秋苏轼作词怀之。

(5)《山坡羊潼关怀古》这首曲是作者于元文宗天历二年(9)在就任陕西行台中丞的途中所作。潼关位于东西两京(洛阳、西安)之间,历来是兵家必争之地,常常触动行经者的怀古之情.

3.字音、字形、词语

(1)注音或写字

闻笛fù( )折jǐ( )干gē( )寥落( )风piāo xù( )hàn qīng ()宫què( ) huáng()恐qióng楼()绮户()chán juān()fēng

luán ( ) chóu chú()(2)解词(注意黑体字字形)

暂凭杯酒长精神()折戟沉沙铁未销()

自将磨洗认前朝()干戈寥落四周星()零丁洋里叹零丁()留取丹心照汗青()把酒问青天()高处不胜寒()

何事长向xx()何似在人间()

千里共婵娟()伤心xx经行处()

(二)初读感知

1.读准字音、读出节奏,反复吟诵这五首诗词,对照注释理解五首诗词曲的大意。

2.试体会诗歌中所蕴含的作者的思想感情。

二、合作探究

(一)研读赏析

1.《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》颔联在表现手法上有什么特点?体现了作者当时怎样的心情?

2、《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》颈联写的什么意思?表现了诗人怎样的胸怀?

3、《赤壁》全诗最精彩的是久为人们传诵的末二句,这二句议论感慨抒发了作者怎样的思想感情?

4.《过零丁洋》中颔联运用比喻句的表达效果。

5.《水调歌头(明月几时有)》中“起舞......在人间。”体现了诗人的什么人生态度?

6.《水调歌头(明月几时有)》中“转朱阁......照无眠。”写出了什么?有什么作用?7.赏析《山坡羊潼关怀古》中“峰峦如聚,波涛如怒”“聚”“怒”二字的妙用。(二)展示交流

三、拓展延伸

(一)基础知识检测

1.下列句子与原文完全一致的一项是()

A.沉舟则畔千帆过,病树前头xx。

B.东风不与xx便,铜雀春深锁二乔。

C.人生自古谁无死?留取xxxx。

D.起舞弄清影,何似在人间。

2.下列句子朗读节奏划分不完全正确的一项是()

A.折戟/沉沙/铁/未销,自将/磨洗/认/前朝。

B.巴山楚水/凄凉地,二十三年/弃置身。

C.山河/破碎/风飘/絮,身世/浮沉/雨打/萍。

D.人/有悲欢离合,月/有xx缺。

3.《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》中蕴含人生哲理的句子是___________,____________。

4.写出《水调歌头(明月几时有)》中的富有哲理的句子____________,____________。

5.《水调歌头(明月几时有)》中表达对离苦之人美好祝愿的句子是

____________,____________。

6.《山坡羊潼关怀古》中表达全曲主旨的句子是_____________,

_______________。

7..分别概括《水调歌头(明月几时有)》一词的上片和下片的内容。

_________________________________________________________________ ____ .下面咏月的诗句中,哪两句与“但愿人长久,千里共婵娟”有异曲同工之妙?为什么?

①月出惊山鸟,时鸣春涧中。

②大漠沙如雪,燕山月如钩。③月落乌啼霜满天,江枫渔火对愁眠。

④海上生明月,天涯共此时。

⑤举杯邀明月,对影成三人。

⑥野旷天低树,xx月近人。

________________________________________________

9.月亮的美称很多,你能说出几个(至少两个)?

_________________________________________________________________ ____1 .你还知道哪些像“人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青!”这类透着铮铮骨气的名句?

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

11.课外阅读

xx乙卯正月二十日夜记梦

xx

十年生死两茫茫,不思量(思念),自难忘。千里孤坟,无处话凄凉。纵使相逢应不识,尘满面,鬓如霜。

夜来幽梦忽还乡,小轩窗,正梳妆。相顾无言,惟有泪千行。料得年年断肠处,明月夜,短松冈(指亡妻的坟墓)。

①这一词是悼念亡妻去世1周年所作,抒发了对妻子________的感情。词在感情上显得________。

②上半阕多用________(表达方式),是作者在梦醒之后对亡妻的思念之情,表达了悲痛之感。下半阙多用________(表达方式),写了作者梦中的情景。

四、布置作业:背诵五首诗词,完成下列填空题

1.山河破碎风飘絮,______________________。

_______________________,零丁洋里叹零丁。人生自古谁无死,

_______________________。

2.望西都,_____________________。

伤心秦汉经行处,______________________。

3.《水调歌头》

①词中能够表达词人豁达胸襟有寓含哲理的词句是

______________________,_____________________,

______________________。

②词中表达词人想远离仕途,又担心寂寞难遣的词句是

_____________________,_____________________,

______________________。

③有诗写道:“隔千里兮共明月。”《水调歌头》中由此脱化而成的句子是

____________________,______________________。

④词中化用李白的“青天有月来几时,我今停杯一问之。”的句子是

_____________________,______________________。

⑤词中表明作者由矛盾中得到解脱,要面对现实,虽身处逆境,但仍热爱生活的句子是_____________________,________________________。

五、板书设计

坎坷遭遇----渲染---辛酸

归来感慨----用典----悲痛

酬xxxx初事、情、景、理相融

逢席上见赠

感叹身世----写景---愤激

席间赠言-----抒怀----昂扬

前两句----兴感之由

赤壁非凡的史知

后两句------借题发挥豪爽的胸襟首联:回顾一生

深挚沉痛

颔联:国破家亡

过零丁洋

追忆过去丹心垂史

颈联:悲愤忧惧映照xx

感叹眼前

xx:以死xx-------激情慷慨

把酒问天------不知何年

上xx叙思想矛盾

欲归又恐-----起舞弄影

水调歌头

月照无眠--------不应有恨

下阙抒怀念之情

人有离合------千里婵娟

雄伟气势写景

xx(xxxx)所见所感xx

深沉感慨感慨

xx

[人教版八年级下册《诗词曲五首》教学设计]相关:

1.关于xx五首的教学设计

2.初一语文诗五首课件

3.《古代诗歌五首》教案

4.咏物的古诗十五首

5.xx励志诗歌五首

6.诗词五首教学课件

7.精选现代诗歌五首

.现代诗歌五首

9.咏雪的古诗五首

1 .xx五首及诗人简介

(完整版)八年级下册英语知识点(冀教版)

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