动词的各种时态及变化规则

一、一般现在时

用法：1.现阶段经常性、习惯性动作；

2.目前的状态；

3.客观真理。

构成：主语是第三人称单数时，作谓语的行为动词要在词尾加-s(-es)，其他人称和数用动词原形。

否定形式：am/is/are+ not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year,

month…), once a week, on Sundays

动词的变化规则

（1）一般直接在词尾+s runs likes

(2) 以s, sh, ch, x, o结尾的动词在词尾+es goes passes

(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，要把y变i+es

study ---studies try----tries

(4) 以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接在后+s stays plays

二、现在进行时

用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

b. 表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

构成：主语+am / is / are + 动词的现在分词(即动词-ing 形式)

否定形式：主语+am / is / are + 动词的现在分词

一般疑问句：把am / is / are放于句首。

时间状语：these days, now, at the moment, look, listen.

现在分词的变化规则

（1）.一般直接在动词词尾+ing reading

（2）.以不发音e结尾的动词要把e去掉+ing live---living

（3）.以重读闭音节的结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母再ing run---running 注：重读闭音节：辅+元+辅并且元音是单元音（4）.特殊记忆的动词die---dying 死lie---lying 躺tie---tying 栓系

三、一般过去时

用法：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

构成：主语+动词的过去式。

否定形式：若谓语为was\ were, 或情态动词，则直接在其后加not; 若谓语为行为动词，则需要借助did+ not, 还原动词。

一般疑问句：若谓语为was\ were, 或情态动词，则直接将其提到主语前; 若谓语为行为动词，则需要借助did,并将其提到主语前，同时还原动词。时间状语：yesterday，this morning，the day before yesterday，in 1990，与ago连用的状语，two days ago。与last连用的时间状语，last

Sunday，last night。

动词的过去式形式

（1）一般直接在动词词尾+ed work---worked

（2）以e结尾的动词在词尾+d liked lived

（3）以重读闭音节的结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母再加ed stop---stopped

(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，要把y变i+ed study---studied

不规则动词过去式：

am, is- was are-were do-did see-saw say-said

give-gave get- got go-went come-came have-had,

eat-ate take-took run-ran sing-sang put-put,

make-made read-read write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank,

fly-flew ride-rode speak-spoke sweep-swept buy-bought swim-swam sit-sat bring--brought can-could cut-cut become-became begin-began feel-felt find-found

forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew

learn-learnt （learned）leave-left let-let lose-lost

meet-met read-read sleep-slept speak-spoke take-took

teach-taught tell-told write-wrote wake-woke think-though

不规则动词变化表

1. A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）

动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词

cost cost cost 花费

cut cut cut 割，切

hit hit hit 打

let let let 让

put put put 放下

read read read 读

hurt hurt hurt 伤

2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）

beat beat beaten 打

3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

come came come 来

become became become 变

run ran run 跑

4. A ---B ---B型

（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

burn burnt burnt 燃烧

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习

mean meant meant 意思

hear heard heard 听见

（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。Build built built 建筑

Lend lent lent 借给

lose lost lost 失去

send sent sent 送

spend spent spent 花费

（3）其他

pay paid paid 付

lay laid laid 下蛋

say said said 说

ring brought brought 带来

buy bought bought 买

think thought thought 想

sleep slept slept 睡

keep kept kept 保持

sweep swept swept 扫

stand stood stood 站

understand understood understood 明白

win won won 得胜shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光

catch caught caught 抓住

teach taught taught 教

feel felt felt 觉得

fight fought fought 战斗

find found found 发现

get got got 得到

hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂have had had 有

hold held held 盛，握

leave left left 离开

make made made 制造

meet met met 遇见

sell sold sold 卖

shoot shot shot 射击

tell told told 告诉

smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻

sit sat sat 坐

dig dug dug 挖

5. A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。

eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 落下

steal stole stolen 偷

give gave given 给

freeze froze frozen 冻结

take took taken 拿

see saw seen 看见

动词过去式把i变o, 过去分词去e双写再加en

write wrote written 写

ride rode ridden 骑

drive drove driven 驾驶

以ow结尾过去式把o变e 过去分词直接加n

throw threw thrown 抛，扔

blow blew blown 吹

grow grew grown 生长

know knew known 知道

fly flew flown 飞

draw drew drawn 拉，绘画

show showed shown 展示

（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。

speak spoke spoken 说话

break broke broken 破碎，折断

wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒

choose chose chosen 选择

forget forgot forgotten 忘记

（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。Begin began begun 开始

ring rang rung 按铃

sing sang sung 唱

sink sank sunk 沉

swim swam swum 游泳

drink drank drunk 饮

（4）其他不规则动词的变化。

be(am, is) was/ were been 是

be(are) were been 是

do did done 做

go went gone 去

lie lay lain 躺

wear wore worn 穿

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